共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 406 毫秒
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极地海冰对全球气候变化具有指示作用,北极海冰监测对全球气候环境变化研究意义重大。利用中国第3次北极科学考察（CHINARE-2008）长期冰站获取的海冰物质平衡浮标数据和MODIS影像对北极海冰运动及其变化进行监测。结果表明MODIS影像分类得到的海冰密集度效果较好,海冰与海水之间界线清晰。4月16日至30日长期冰站在自西北向东南的漂移过程中,海冰逐渐分裂,密集度下降,速度总体上不断减小。4月30日至5月19日期间海冰密集度变化比较大,尤其是5月8日,海冰密集度突然升高。结合对漂移轨迹的分析发现,这可能是受大风、洋流等因素影响,海冰产生回旋运动导致的。5月19日至7月6日海冰密集度上升,在格陵兰岛附近海冰运动受地形影响产生聚集现象,因此在该区域海冰密集度呈现上升趋势。 相似文献
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积雪深度是估算海冰厚度重要的参数之一,目前对不同积雪深度产品精度及其可适用范围的评估研究较少,也缺乏系统性的认知。本研究选取了11种北极积雪深度产品,根据产品的不同时间范围,分为2013—2018年和2018—2019年2个评估时间段。根据上述时间段,对比分析了各产品之间的差异性,然后将这些产品与“冰桥行动”和海冰质量平衡浮标的现场观测结果进行了评估。所有产品都显示格陵兰岛和加拿大北极群岛的北部积雪深度较厚,而在东西伯利亚海、拉普捷夫海、喀拉海、巴伦支海沿线区域的积雪深度较薄,不过,部分产品在时空变化上仍存在较大差异。与“冰桥行动”的观测数据对比发现,大部分产品数据雪深都较厚, AMSR2B和IS2/CS2分别在2013—2018年和2018—2019年的评估时间段内差异较小,拟合度较好。与海冰质量平衡浮标的对比结果显示,绝大部分产品数据雪深都较薄,并且差异性较大,其中NESOSIM在整个时期拟合度较好。利用不同产品的积雪深度反演海冰厚度的结果差异显著,与“冰桥行动”观测的海冰厚度对比发现, FY3B/MWRI和IS2/CS2分别在2013—2018年和2018—2019年的评估时间段... 相似文献
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海冰具有良好的热力隔绝效应,它通过影响海洋和大气的热交换进而影响全球的气候变化。海冰密集度是极区海冰研究的重要指标之一。为实现高空间分辨率多类型海冰密集度的估算,本文将亮温极化梯度率和光谱梯度率引入基于全约束最小二乘法(fully constrained least squares,FCLS)的海冰密集度估算方法,并利用南极海冰过程与气候计划(Antarctic Sea Ice Processes and Climate,ASPe Ct)对改进方法的精度进行验证,然后与NASA Team2(NT2)算法和ARTIST Sea Ice(ASI)算法获得的海冰密集度结果进行了对比分析。结果显示,3种算法中本研究的方法精度最高,全年均方差13.8%,偏差为-0.7%;改进的方法对多年冰的估算精度优于一年冰。 相似文献
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20 0 0年 6月 1 8日 - 2 3日 ,国际冰川学会在美国阿拉斯加费尔班克斯市阿拉斯加费尔班克斯大学组织召开了《海冰及海冰与海洋、大气、生物圈国际会议》。这是 1 0年来国际冰川学会首次组织的海冰方面的学术大会。应会议召集人、国际冰川学会秘书长 C.Simon L.Ommanney博士和组织委员会主席 MartinO. Jeffries教授的邀请 ,中国极地研究所康建成研究员赴美国阿拉斯加费尔班克斯市参加了此次大会。会议主题 海冰在南、北极地区的大气和海洋系统中扮演着重要角色 ,从而在全球气候变化中起到关键性的作用。海冰生境及与海洋和大气的相互作用… 相似文献
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北极是全球气候和环境变化的驱动器之一,获取北极海冰的时空特征和变化规律对研究北极以及全球气候变化意义重大。格陵兰海是北极海冰剧烈变化的区域之一,采用CryoSat-2的雷达测高数据,获取了格陵兰海的海冰干舷高分布,并利用波弗特环流计划(BGEP)仰视声呐(ULS)数据进行了验证。研究结果表明,格陵兰海海冰干舷高和分布范围存在明显的季节性变化特征,具体体现在格陵兰海海冰从10月份进入冻结期开始,海冰分布范围不断扩张,海冰干舷高也逐渐增大,2月份平均干舷高达到最大(0.2 m),之后格陵兰海海冰开始消融,覆盖范围不断内缩,9月海冰干舷高降至最小(0.13 m)。 相似文献
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海冰密度是海冰和气候模型的重要物理变量,也是利用卫星测高数据估算海冰厚度的关键参数。目前各国北极科学考察虽开展了海冰物理观测,但对近期北极海冰密度现场观测资料的综合分析和挖掘应用不足。在此背景下,收集了近15年来北极海冰密度现场观测资料,分析北极海冰密度的变化特征;对海冰密度实测数据进行克里金插值,将插值结果输入静力平衡方程模型计算海冰厚度,探讨海冰密度对海冰厚度卫星测高反演的影响。结果表明, 2000—2015年北极海冰密度变化范围为750—950 kg·m–3,1—9月海冰密度总体上随月份变化呈减小的趋势;6—9月北极海冰密度随着纬度的增加而减少(75°N—90°N);通过对比分析表明,相较于使用海冰密度固定值参与估算海冰厚度,采用经现场观测数据空间插值后的海冰密度估算海冰厚度的结果更为准确。北极海冰密度现场观测资料的整理分析可为海冰与气候变化等进一步研究提供参考。 相似文献
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The polar snowpack (and sea-ice) plays a major role in affecting overlying boundary layer chemistry and has only recently come to light. Furthermore, the understanding of this system and its importance is steadily growing. Investigations done thus far, nonetheless, examined the subsets of the polar environment as an uncoupled system. Analogous to some materials, the surface of snow/ice exhibits thin liquid layers (e.g., the quasi-liquid layer (QLL) and brine layer (BL)). This paper gives an overview of thin liquid films and illustrations of their function in Earth science. The impact of such films in polar science (i.e., polar snowpack photochemistry) is discussed within the context of how field data has been elucidated through laboratory data and modeling techniques. Specifically, what laboratory and modeling investigations have revealed about the effect of thin liquid layers on constraining field observations and, more importantly, the physicochemical mechanisms that govern the behavior of trace gases within the snowpack (and sea-ice) and how they are released from the polar snowpack. Current and future impacts of these findings are discussed, along with putative implications of the effect of thin liquid films in planetary science. 相似文献
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For over 30 years, IHP (International Hydrological Programme) has been actively operating as a UNESCO’s (United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization) international scientific cooperative programme in water research, water resources management,
education and capacity-building, and the only broadly-based science programme of the UN (United Nations) system in this region.
By a number of initiatives and networks, the IHP has progressively carried out activities on the quantity and quality of global/regional
water resources, transboundary water resources management, mitigation of water related hazards, and water education. While
addressing comprehensive areas over water challenges, greater emphasis has been placed on the role of water resources management
for sustainable development and with respect to the expected changes in climate and environmental conditions. WWAP (World
Water Assessment Programme) and its major product WWDR (World Water Development Report) in East Asia are under the framework
of IHP which supports field oriented activities on monitoring freshwater, developing case studies, enhancing national assessment
capacity, and facilitating decision making processes. In light of transboundary waters in IHP, RSC (Regional Steering Committee)
plays a focal role for facilitating regional cooperation in the Southeast and East Asia and Pacific States. Furthermore, ISI
(International Sediment Initiative) and IFI (International Flood Initiative) have significant roles, respectively, for the
management of erosion and sedimentation in line with river system or reservoir management, and for the flood management focusing
on capacity building of each country in East Asia. There are other major areas of concern under UNESCO’s IHP programme in
East Asia, specifically in aspects including, mitigating water conflicts on transboundary aquifers through ISARM (International
Shared Aquifer Resources Management), water management of arid areas through Water and Development Information for Arid Lands-
A Global Network (Asian G-WADI), and sustainable management of groundwater by UNESCO Water Chair, as well as water education
through the programme of Sustainable Water Integrated Management-Educational Component.
Author: Ramasamy Jayakumar, native of India, Ph.D, specialized in application of remote sensing, GIS, geo-statistical methods in
hydrogeological modelling and irrigation water management. 相似文献
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中国农村宅基地转型的理论与证实 总被引：52，自引：5，他引：47
土地利用转型是土地利用变化的表现形式之一,也是由IGBP和IHDP联合发起的全球土地研究计划 (GLP) 的重要研究内容。目前土地利用/覆被变化 (LUCC) 研究仍然有待进一步理论化,在学科综合与集成基础上提出的假设对土地变化科学显得尤为重要。土地利用转型研究需要寻求一种综合的方法,来对社会和环境变化的时间尺度和历史背景进行整合。通过分析特定时期内中国农村建房的影响因素及相应的管理政策,在了解中国农村建房发展过程的基础上,提出了中国农村宅基地转型趋势的理论假设：随着社会经济的发展,农村宅基地在增加的建设用地总量中所占比例将由高逐渐降低,直到这一比例趋向于一个固定值。最后运用长江沿线样带农村宅基地转型研究结果验证了该理论假设。 相似文献
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中国耕地转型与土地整理:研究进展与框架 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
土地利用转型研究是开展土地利用/覆被变化( LUCC) 综合研究的一条新途径。通过整合 社会和环境变化的时间尺度与历史背景, 开展中国耕地转型与土地整理方面研究, 属于IGBP 和 IHDP 联合发起的全球土地计划(GLP) 的重要研究内容。本文在综述土地变化科学( LCS) 的理论 与模型、土地利用转型、耕地变化与土地整理的研究进展基础上, 提出中国耕地转型与土地整理 的研究框架： 运用GIS 技术, 通过综合分析遥感解译的土地覆被数据及建国以来国土资源系统的 耕地面积变化数据, 探讨中国耕地变化的空间格局, 结合自然要素和社会经济要素分析耕地转型 的影响因子; 借鉴国外相关研究, 通过分析特定时期内中国耕地变化的影响因素及相应的管理政 策, 在了解中国耕地变化过程的基础上提出中国耕地转型的理论假设; 结合中国耕地的时空变化 模拟, 进而确定中国耕地变化的区域类型及其所处的转型阶段, 并以此作为指导我国耕地保护的 重要举措———土地整理的理论基础和科学依据。 相似文献
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For over 30 years, IHP (International Hydrological Programme) has been actively operating as a UNESCO’s (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) international scientific cooperative programme in water research, water resources management, education and capacity-building, and the only broadly-based science programme of the UN (United Nations) system in this region. By a number of initiatives and networks, the IHP has progressively carried out activities on the quantity and quality of global/regional water resources, transboundary water resources management, mitigation of water related hazards, and water education. While addressing comprehensive areas over water challenges, greater emphasis has been placed on the role of water resources management for sustainable development and with respect to the expected changes in climate and environmental conditions. WWAP (World Water Assessment Programme) and its major product WWDR (World Water Development Report) in East Asia are under the framework of IHP which supports field oriented activities on monitoring freshwater, developing case studies, enhancing national assessment capacity, and facilitating decision making processes. In light of transboundary waters in IHP, RSC (Regional Steering Committee) plays a focal role for facilitating regional cooperation in the Southeast and East Asia and Pacific States. Furthermore, ISI (International Sediment Initiative) and IFI (International Flood Initiative) have significant roles, respectively, for the management of erosion and sedimentation in line with river system or reservoir management, and for the flood management focusing on capacity building of each country in East Asia. There are other major areas of concern under UNESCO’s IHP programme in East Asia, specifically in aspects including, mitigating water conflicts on transboundary aquifers through ISARM (International Shared Aquifer Resources Management), water management of arid areas through Water and Development Information for Arid Lands- A Global Network (Asian G-WADI), and sustainable management of groundwater by UNESCO Water Chair, as well as water education through the programme of Sustainable Water Integrated Management- Educational Component. 相似文献
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1 Introduction on CNC-IHDP In recent decades, China has witnessed significant environmental changes due to various natural processes and human activities. The sustainable development of China is facing more and more restrictions from natural resources and… 相似文献
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Chinese National Committee for the International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change (CNC-IHDP) is a newly founded academic organization in China aiming at promoting the research on Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Changes (HDGEC). International cooperation is an important part of CNC-IHDP’s activities. This paper makes a brief review on current international cooperation that has been developed, and introduces some aspects on which to focus in future. 相似文献
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1 About usThe International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) is an international scientific research programme initiated and organized by the International Council for Science Unions (ICSU) in 1986 (http://www.igbp.kva.se). The IGBP's mission is to de… 相似文献
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Byers Peninsula: A reference site for coastal,terrestrial and limnetic ecosystem studies in maritime Antarctica 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This article describes the development of an international and multidisciplinary project funded by the Spanish Polar Programme on Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island, South Shetlands). The project adopted Byers Peninsula as an international reference site for coastal and terrestrial (including inland waters) research within the framework of the International Polar Year initiative. Over 30 scientists from 12 countries and 26 institutions participated in the field work, and many others participated in the processing of the samples. The main themes investigated were: Holocene changes in climate, using both lacustrine sediment cores and palaeo-nests of penguins; limnology of the lakes, ponds, rivers and wetlands; microbiology of microbial mats, ecology of microbial food webs and viral effects on aquatic ecosystems; ornithology, with investigations on a Gentoo penguin rookery (Pygoscelis papua) as well as the flying ornithofauna; biocomplexity and life cycles of species from different taxonomic groups; analysis of a complete watershed unit from a landscape perspective; and human impacts, specifically the effect of trampling on soil characteristics and biota.Byers Peninsula offers many features as an international reference site given it is one of the largest ice-free areas in the Antarctic Peninsula region, it has a variety of different landscape units, and it hosts diverse aquatic ecosystems. Moreover, the Byers Peninsula is a hotspot for Antarctic biodiversity, and because of its high level of environmental protection, it has been very little affected by human activities. Finally, the proximity to the Spanish polar installations on Livingston Island and the experience derived from previous expeditions to the site make it logistically feasible as a site for ongoing monitoring and research. 相似文献