共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 796 毫秒
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对安庆沿江滩地杨树林地、江滩草地、芦苇丛等5个植被类型区的钉螺分布状况进行了调查,研究了不同植被类型区钉螺的形态指标和阳性率。结果表明:①成熟杨树林地、中龄杨树林地均无钉螺分布;杨树幼林地、江滩草地、芦苇丛螺口密度分别为4只/0.11m2、5只/0.11m2、7只/0.11m2。②杨树幼林地、江滩草地、芦苇丛所获钉螺样本的阴阳性检测,没有被血吸虫感染,均为阴性。③江滩营造抑螺防病林是改变钉螺孳生环境及人工控制钉螺种群密度的最有效途径之一。 相似文献
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血吸虫病的生态防治与抑螺防病林消除钉螺孳生环境机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
血吸虫病是发展中国家主要的寄生虫病之一,历史悠久,传播广泛,危害严重。研究表明,血吸虫是血吸虫病的病原体,哺乳类动物(终末宿主)和钉螺(中间宿主)是血吸虫的两个宿主。由于钉螺寄生终末宿主哺乳类动物种类多样,活动区域繁杂,人类难以控制,抑制中间寄主——钉螺的繁生便成了血吸虫病防治的有效对策。钉螺具有水陆两栖特性,其中卵的孵化、幼螺的生长发育离不开水。钉螺分布和数量受土壤和植被环境因素影响,并对栖息地具有严格的选择性。依据钉螺生物学和生态学特性,彭镇华和江泽慧提出通过林业生态工程对血吸虫病进行生态防治的思路——兴林抑螺。参照前人研究结果,综合分析了抑螺防病林改变钉螺孳生环境的机制:(1)在林木个体耗水、林分耗水、小流域耗水和林冠降低径流等方面,抑螺防病林降低了土壤水分含量,使得林地土壤水分无法满足钉螺的生长和发育条件;(2)从林木自身生物化学物质对钉螺外在生存和内部代谢环境影响角度,分析了林木自身代谢产物对抑制钉螺的生存和繁殖的作用及抑螺防病林抑制钉螺生存的生理生化机制。抑螺防病林除了具有抑制钉螺生长发育、控制血吸虫病的功能以外,还兼有人工林的多重效益。 相似文献
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利用福建省1986、1993、2000年的TM影像和2004年的中巴地球资源卫星影像,在RS、GPS和GIS技术支持下,结合福建省生态环境特征,选取了斑块面积指标、形状指标、破碎化程度指标、聚散性指标、多样性指标等5类景观生态学指数,研究福建省1986-2004年湿地景观格局演变规律.结果表明:(1)福建省湿地面积总体呈下降趋势.1986-2004年各期湿地总面积分别是:1793793.06 hm2、1665966.28 hm2、1609862.77 hm2、1618760.97 hm2.各景观面积指数表现出不同程度的变化,其中灌溉地、河流、河漫滩、沼泽、盐田景观面积呈现下降趋势,蓄水区、海水养殖景观面积增大,其他类型波动变化;(2)受人类活动的影响,景观优势组分对景观整体的控制作用有所减弱.Shannon-Wiener多样性指数4个时期分别为0.6681、0.7375、0.8165、0.8301,Shannon-Wiener均匀度指数分别为0.3041、0.3356、0.3716、0.3778,斑块面积变异系数由1986年的882.069 5%下降到2004年的516.315 7%;(3)湿地景观受外界干扰程度加大,破碎化程度加剧;同时,湿地原始形态也受到了较复杂的影响.边缘密度由1986年的5.9981 m/hm2上升到2004年的6.6982m/hm2,平均形状指数也从2.1758略微下降到1.9910;(4)各斑块类型和周围相邻斑块类型的空间连接程度进一步降低,湿地景观被分隔态势增强.蔓延度指数下降,4个时期分别为83.3695、81.9283、79.8908、79.8203,斑块结合度从1986年的99.2029连续降至2004年的98.5459. 相似文献
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在解析山丘区钉螺分布特征的基础上,提出了浅丘区的抑螺林划分及体系布局。结果表明:①该流域钉螺平均密度为4.05只/0.11m2,活螺框出现率为34.0%;②钉螺密度和活螺出现率均以林地最低,旱地其次,而水田、河滩、荒坡和沟渠较高;③不同环境类型活螺出现率依次为:洲滩>湖滩>沟>河>林地>塘。该区域的抑螺防病林可分为河渠抑螺林、坡地抑螺林、农田抑螺林和多功能抑螺林4种类型,各种林分类型在树种选择、组成、功能上各有不同,但抑螺林的布局必须以降低钉螺密度、减少人畜感染机率为主要目标,同时兼顾经济及生态效益。 相似文献
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地理环境因子对螺情影响的探测分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
近年来,由于自然环境、经济社会等因素影响,中国血吸虫病疫情呈回升态势,表现为急性感染人数和血吸虫病患病人数增多,局部地区钉螺扩散明显,感染性钉螺分布范围逐渐扩大等。钉螺是血吸虫的唯一中间宿主,控制钉螺对血吸虫病防治具有重要意义。本文根据钉螺的生态学特征,综合高程、水文、土地利用、土壤、植被等因子,基于地理探测器模型分析了地理环境因子对2009年湖北省钉螺分布的影响。结果表明：① 在垸内型流行区,整个流行季（3-10月）、特别是7-9月期间的植被覆盖与钉螺分布范围有关,密螺地带的特征为土壤质地粉砂含量适中、黄红壤和淹育水稻土,第一季度有较高的植被覆盖度;② 在垸外型流行区,湖泊滩地、高覆盖度草地是其主要分布环境,而第一季度较高的植被覆盖,尤其是荻、芦苇等植被类型是高密度地区的环境特征;③ 在山地丘陵,河流附近的林地和耕地,潴育或淹育水稻土是钉螺密集分布的环境。筛选出的地理环境指示因子可用于遥感技术监测钉螺孳生地,从而为采取有效的控螺措施提供科学依据。 相似文献
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<正>为适应全国血吸虫病防治的需要,由卫生部血吸虫病防治专家咨询委员会举办的卫生系统林业血防技术培训,于2008年11月14～15日,在四川眉山市东坡区举行,参加培训的人员来自全国各血吸虫病疫区省卫生系统的血防技术人员,共计50余人。培训的主要内容为林业血防的机理、山丘型抑螺防病林布局及营建技术;血吸虫与钉螺的关系; 相似文献
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青藏高原自然植被总生物量的估算与净初级生产量的潜在分布* 总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32
以800多块样地资料及森林和草地资源调查数据为基础,按县级为单位估算了青海和西藏两省区的自然植被总生物量,分别为2.586×108t和1.282×109t.建立的QZNPP模型显示,随着温度的增加,生物生产量呈S型曲面递增,且其递增速率随降水量增加而加快;当年均温度0℃～10℃和年降水量400mm～1000mm时,生物生产量增长最快;当年均温度>11℃和年降水量>1 100mm时,生物生产量趋向于20t/hm2·a;在年均温度<0℃时,相对降水量的增加,生物生产量呈缓慢的递减趋势,说明这时温度是影响生物生产量的主导因子。两省区115个县的生物量现实分布图显示,生物量最高值出现在西藏墨脱,其次是西藏的察隅、波密、林芝和米林,青藏高原中部及西北部的广阔地区最低。青藏高原自然植被净初级生产量最小值为0,最大值为20t/hm2·a,全区平均为6.03t/hm2·a,低于世界陆地植被的平均水平 相似文献
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能源消费是人类活动影响全球气候变化的主要行为之一,对能源消费导致的碳足迹进行研究具有重要意义。本文首先应用能源消费碳足迹的相关概念和方法,计算得到了甘肃省1990年-2009年的总碳足迹、各能源消费类型的碳足迹、碳足迹产值和碳足迹生态压力;然后利用STIRPAT模型进行岭回归函数拟合,探讨了经济增长与碳足迹之间的定量关系,并验证了环境库兹涅茨曲线的存在性;最后通过脱钩指数分析进一步研究了经济增长与碳足迹之间的动态变化关系。结果表明:碳足迹从1990年的每人0.091 ha上升为2009年的每人0.191 ha,呈现波动上升的趋势。各能源消费类型的碳足迹构成中,煤和石油占据了绝对地位,其中又以煤所占比重最大,石油次之,天然气所起的作用甚微。碳足迹产值由1990年的1.18万元ha-1增加为2009年的2.51万元ha-1,碳足迹生态压力也从1990年的0.10上升至2009年的0.24。人口和人均GDP是驱动碳足迹增长的主要因素,且回归分析和脱钩指数分析都表明经济增长与碳足迹之间存在环境库兹涅茨曲线。 相似文献
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Land use and land cover change and its driving forces in Maqu County, China in the past 25 years 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Maqu County is located in the northeast Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and it is the main watershed for the Yellow River. The ecosystem there is extremely vulnerable and sensitive to climate change and human activities, which have caused significant deterioration of the eco-environment in this region. In order to restore the ecological environment, a government project to restore the grazing areas to grassland was implemented in Maqu County in early 2004. This study evaluates the effects of that restoration project on land use and land cover change (LUCC), and explores the driving forces of LUCC in Maqu County. In the study we used Landsat images obtained in 1989, 2004, 2009, and 2014 to establish databases of land use and land cover. Then we derived LUCC information by overlaying these layers using GIS software. Finally, we analyzed the main forces responsible for LUCC. The results showed that forests, high-coverage grasslands, and marshes experienced the most significant decreases during 1989-2004, by 882.8 ha, 35,250.4 ha, and 2,753.4 ha, respectively. However, moderate- and low-coverage grasslands and sand lands showed the opposite trend, increasing by 12,529.7 ha, 25,491.0 ha, and 577.5 ha, respectively. LUCC in 2004-2009 showed that ecological degradation slowed compared with 1989-2004. During 2009-2014, high- and moderate-coverage grasslands increased obviously, but low-coverage grasslands, marshes, unused lands, sand lands, and water areas showed the opposite trend. These results suggested that the degradation of the eco-environment was obvious before 2009, showing a decrease in the forests, grasslands, and water areas, and an increase in unused lands. The ecological degradation was reversed after 2009, as was mainly evidenced by increases in high- and moderate-coverage grasslands, and the shrinkage rate of marshes decreased obviously. These results showed that the project of restoring grazing lands to grassland had a positive effect on the LUCC. Other major factors that influence the LUCC include increasing temperature, variation in the seasonal frozen soil environment, seasonal overgrazing, and pest and rodent damage. 相似文献
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《自然地理学》2013,34(5):441-454
The influence of hail suppression by silver iodide seeding on the trend in the number of hail days (hail trend) in the Republic of Serbia was studied in three cases: (1) in Vojvodina region, Northern Province of Serbia, in two periods, from 1967 to 2002 when there was no hail suppression, and from 2003 to 2009 when hail suppression was extended to the entire territory; (2) in Serbia proper (Serbia without the Provinces), in two periods, from 1967 to 1984 when hail suppression was spreading, and from 1985 to 2009 when hail suppression occurred over the entire territory; and (3) in the same period from 1967 to 2002 on the two adjacent territories of Vojvodina and Serbia without the Provinces, where no hail suppression occurred in the first and hail suppression did occur in the second. The hail trend in Serbia was calculated on the basis of all observed data from all synoptic and climatological stations for the period 1967 to 2009. The results associate hail suppression with the stagnation of the hail trend rather than its decrease, and show that hail suppression did not have statistically unique influence on the hail trend. 相似文献
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北京地区冬小麦/夏玉米连作条件下NO3-N淋失 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4
分析评价了北京草甸褐土冬小麦 /夏玉米连作条件下NO3 N累积、淋失以及同氮肥水平的关系。设置 4个氮肥处理 :0、 1 2 0、 2 4 0、 360kgN/ha。在每一处理区 2 0、 40、 60、 80、1 0 0、1 4 0、 2 0 0cm埋设土壤溶液提取器 ,在试验地同期设置两个直径 0 48m、深 2m的原状土柱 ,氮肥水平为 0和 2 4 0kg/ha。土壤剖面取样分析发现 :不施肥种植降低土体NO3 N储量 ,施肥种植增加 0～ 1 0 0cm土体NO3 N储量 ,但只有 360kg/ha才能维持 1 0 0～ 2 0 0cm土体NO3 N储量 ,种植和施肥改变了土壤中NO3 N的含量和空间分布。利用土壤溶液提取器取得剖面2m处土壤溶液NO3 N年均浓度和土柱底部同期排水量估算得到大田不同氮肥水平NO3 N淋失年均通量分别为 :1 8、 2 41、 5 52、 1 7 1 2kg/ha ;施肥处理表观氮淋失百分率为 :0 33 %、 1 0 3 %、3 1 9%。试验结果有益于指导合理施肥和更好地认识农业氮肥应用与地下水NO3 N污染的关系。 相似文献
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Commonly, the most costly part of geomorphological distribution modelling studies is gathering the data. Thus, guidance for researchers concerning the quantity of field data needed would be extremely practical. This paper scrutinises the relationship between the sample size (the number of observations varied from 20 to 600) and the predictive ability of the generalized linear model (GLM), generalized additive model (GAM), generalized boosting method (GBM) and artificial neural network (ANN) in two data settings, i.e., independent and split-sample approaches. The study was performed using empirical data of periglacial processes from an area of 600 km2 in northernmost Finland at grid resolutions of 1 ha (100 × 100 m) and 25 ha (500 × 500 m). A rather sharp increase in the predictive ability of the models was observed when the number of observations increased from 20 to 100, and the level of robust predictions was reached with 200 observations. The result indicates that no more than a few hundred observations are needed in geomorphological distribution modelling at a medium scale resolution (ca. 0.01–1 km2). 相似文献
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Use of Remote Imagery to Analyse Changes in Morphology and Longitudinal Large Wood Distribution in the Blanco River After the 2008 Chaitén Volcanic Eruption,Southern Chile 
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下载免费PDF全文 Héctor Ulloa Andrés Iroumé Luca Mao Andrea Andreoli Silvia Diez Luis E. Lara 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2015,97(3):523-541
The 2008 Chaitén volcanic eruption generated significant changes in the channel morphology and large wood (LW) abundance along the fluvial corridor of the Blanco River, southern Chile. Comparisons of remote sensing images from the pre‐eruption (year 2005) and post‐eruption (years 2009 and 2012) conditions showed that in a 10.2 km long study segment the Blanco River widened 3.5 times from 2005 to 2009, and that the maximum enlargement was nine times the original width. Changes in channel width were lower between the years 2012 and 2009. The sinuosity and braiding indexes also changed between 2005 and 2009. After the eruption the channel sinuosity was higher and specific river reaches developed a braided pattern, but by 2012 the channel was recovering pre‐eruption characteristics. Huge quantities of LW were introduced to the study segment; individual LW per km of channel length were 1.6 and 74.3 in 2005 and 2009, respectively, and more than 30 log jams km?1 were observed in the year 2009. Between 2009 and 2012 the quantity of LW was very similar. Statistically significant relationships were found between the number of log jams and channel sinuosity and between the number of pieces of large wood with sinuosity and channel width. Wood was highly dynamic between 2009 and 2012: 78% of individual pieces and 48% of log jams identified in the 2009 image had moved by 2012. Finally the supervised classification of imagery associated with ArcMap tools was tested to identify large wood. 相似文献
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黄河三角洲农牧业生产潜力 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文从对黄河三角洲的宜农地和宜牧地的分析入手,对该区农作物生产潜力、牧草及载畜量潜力进行了探讨。并针对目前农牧业生产水平和存在的问题,提出了相应的对策。 相似文献
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欧美地区大量研究表明,城市公园对附近房地产价值有明显增值效应,但是关于北京城市绿地与房地产价值之间的关系还未有研究,阻碍了社会公众和城市管理者对绿地资源重要功能的认识。本研究首先采用问卷调查与享乐价格法,分析了北京城区14个公园绿地与附近76个居住小区房产价格的关系,并借助北京市第七次园林绿化资源普查数据(2009)与GIS技术测算了18070ha城市公共绿地的房产增值总效应。结果表明,在北京地区,公园绿地能对其附近850-1604 m范围的房产价格有0.5%-14.1%的增值效应。北京城市公共绿地共产生28.6亿元的房产增值, 约合每公顷绿地平均增值16万元, 相当于绿地维护成本的1.8-3.9倍。因此,通过提高绿地附近房产的部分税收作为绿地建设与维护资金具有一定的现实意义。 相似文献