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1.
济宁三号煤矿目前开采的煤层为上组煤的3煤(3上、3下煤),自投产以来,发生多次涌水,如13下01综放面侏罗系底部含水层最大涌水量达533.84m3/h,63下01综放3煤顶板砂岩最大涌水量527m3/h,曾一度出现工作面局部被淹而导致停产,对矿井的安全高效生产构成了极大的威胁。在综合分析研究上组煤顶板各含水层的水文地质特征和充水条件的基础上,认为上组煤(3上、3下煤)开采时的直接充水水源为3煤顶板砂岩含水层;间接充水水源是侏罗系含水层水以及局部地区对侏罗系含水层起补给作用的第四系含水层;部分地区侏罗系含水层被采动裂隙导通而成为直接充水水源,大部分地段第四系底部均为粘土,有效的阻隔了第四系与下伏侏罗系含水层的水力联系,对下伏含水层补给微弱;充水通道主要有断层、采动裂隙、封闭不良钻孔和破坏的井筒。为指导下一步煤矿生产预防水害事故提供了依据。 相似文献
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姚桥煤矿水文地质特征及矿井水害防治措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
姚桥煤矿开采水文地质资料表明,煤层开采矿井的直接充水含水层--山西组煤层顶、底板砂岩裂隙含水层组与太原组灰岩岩溶裂隙含水层一般以静储量为主,富水性较弱;第四系松散含水层组、下石盒子组底部分界砂岩含水层、奥陶系灰岩岩溶裂隙含水层、老窑水主要是通过断裂或导水裂隙向矿井充水,故而提出了留设保安煤柱,探放断层水、老窑水等针对性的水害防治措施。 相似文献
3.
河南省某岩溶水源地是该市大型供水水源地,近年来,在水源地岩溶水周边水井中检出了微量重金属,引起有关部门和水文地质工作者的高度关注。查明水源地岩溶水的补给来源、补给途径及其与上覆第四系含水层的关系,识别重金属污染风险,成为保护该水源地的重要任务。根据水源地开采井水化学及同位素取样分析结果,对水源地地下水化学组分的水文地球化学过程及补给来源进行了初步研究。研究表明,水源地岩溶水中的宏量阳离子组分主要来自碳酸盐岩中文石、方解石、白云石的溶解;水源地岩溶水的主要补给来源是北部山区的大气降水;不同水井之间水化学及同位素存在较大差异,主要是由于水井开采深度和补给过程差异造成的;水源地某些水井中Cl-离子和NO-3离子浓度较高,表明可能受到了上部第四系含水层或地表人类活动的影响,应引起有关部门的重视。 相似文献
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《中国煤炭地质》2017,(10)
王楼煤矿目前正在开采3上煤层,主要水害为顶板水和采空区积水。顶板水主要水源为3煤顶部砂岩水及侏罗系砂砾岩水,其中侏罗系砂砾岩水是矿井防治水工作的主要对象。区内局部地段侏罗系砂砾岩含水层直接覆盖在煤层露头之上,成为3煤层开采的直接充水含水层。运用历年来的抽水试验成果及水位动态变化资料,对侏罗系含水层的水文地质特征进行了分析,并对断裂构造对含水层及矿井充水的影响进行了评价。结果表明:侏罗系下部砂砾岩段大部地区富水性弱-中等,是开采浅部煤层时矿井的主要补给水源之一;上侏罗统砂砾岩裂隙含水层与山西组3上煤层顶底板砂岩水存在较好的水力联系;在区内该含水层除二段上部富水性较弱外,其余的层段富水性均较强,主要接受上部岩浆岩含水层的补给;煤层开采造成的冒落裂隙带在局部地段影响到侏罗系含水层,从而使侏罗系含水层成为煤层开采的直接充水水源。 相似文献
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双柳煤矿地处河东煤田中部,在水文地质单元中属柳林泉域系统。因下组煤上覆有太原组薄层灰岩,下伏有奥陶系高承压含水层,所以该部分煤炭资源的开发将面临矿井水害问题。本文对煤系地层含水层的补给来源,补给方式以及径流排泄关系进行了分析,分析结果：双柳煤矿上煤开采时,矿井漏水以顶板山为主;下煤开采时,矿井漏水主要来自顶板右水。 相似文献
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为了揭示采动影响下矿井突水水源误判原因,进而推测地下水补给关系,收集了朱仙庄煤矿历年水化学资料,建立了突水水源的Fisher判别模型,并根据水样误判结果以及矿井地质与水文地质条件,反演分析了地下水补给关系.研究结果表明朱仙庄煤矿煤系砂岩裂隙含水层全部水样回判正确,含水层较为封闭,与其他含水层无水力联系;新生界第四含水层、侏罗系砾岩含水层与石炭系或奥陶系灰岩含水层部分水样误判,矿井采动影响下不同时期含水层间的地下水存在不同程度的水力联系,矿井新生界第四含水层水源对侏罗系砾岩含水层存在补给,石炭系或奥陶系灰岩水则通过矿井南部露水补给新生界第四含水层.地下水动力条件的变化验证了地下水补给关系.建立突水水源判别模型,分析回代误判原因,反演地下水补给关系,为正确认识矿井采动影响下地下水循环条件提出了新的研究手段. 相似文献
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榆神府矿区煤矿水害及其防治研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
榆神府矿区煤矿浅部煤层开采临水害。矿井水主要来自萨拉乌素含水层、三门组含水层及烧变岩含水层。其中第四系含水层可形成突水溃砂灾害,烧变岩含水层最最大。本文总结了防治水害的一般技术原则。 相似文献
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大淑村井田周边赋存的断层均为倾向井田外侧的正断层,致使井田部位相对抬升,切断了含水层的补给来源,地下水补给、排泄不良,井田处于相对封闭的水文地质单元之中。井田内开采上组煤的主要充水含水层为大煤顶板砂岩含水层,次为野青灰岩和伏青灰岩含水层;煤层回采冒落后,下石盒子组底部砂岩含水层将成为间接充水含水层。这些含水层的富水性弱,单位涌水量均小于0．05L／（s·m）,因此,大淑村井田开采上煤组的矿井水文地质类型为中等,矿井受水害的影响不大,矿井防治水的工作简便易行。 相似文献
11.
近来,为缓解北京市日趋紧张的供水情况,需启用1995年建成的北京某应急备用地下水源地。该水源地建有30眼水井,属第四系河旁非承压含水层,当时静水位埋深为4m,单井平均出水量超过4000m3h。近年来由于各种原因,尤其是2003年该水源井出水量大幅减少的主要原因是含铁碳质化合物附着对井壁的堵塞。针对这一情况,通过试验确定了以强力正反冲洗活塞洗井工艺为核心的复合洗井方案,对17眼水井实施洗井处理,使井群出水量恢复到了建井初期的水平,取得了良好的效果。 相似文献
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Mazda Kompani-Zare Nozar Samani Siavash Behrooz-Koohenjani 《Hydrogeology Journal》2009,17(5):1175-1187
Large diameter fully cased wells that gain water from the bottom are often dug in sandy and collapsible aquifers. They have cylindrical vertical walls lined with brick or concrete. The well bottom is partially filled with aquifer material through which the flow is vertically upward. When the vertical hydraulic gradient reaches a critical value, quicksand occurs and the well structure can be destroyed. Another difficulty encountered is drawdown in the wellbore and the drying up of the well. To overcome these problems, the flow around and beneath these wells is numerically simulated. The simulation results are used to investigate the effect of well and aquifer parameters on quicksand and drawdown. For practical purposes, the dimensionless drawdown-time and dimensionless vertical gradient-time curves are developed. It was found that the ratio of filling material thickness to well radius affects the shape of these type curves. The type curves may be used to predict the time after pumping commences when quicksand occurs and the well dries up. They are also useful to design the safe pumping rate and duration as well as the optimum well radius. These are demonstrated by analyzing the pumping test data from a case study in the arid Chah Kutah region, southern Iran. 相似文献
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Aidan Foley Gerd Cachandt Janine Franklin Fergus Willmore Tim Atkinson 《Hydrogeology Journal》2012,20(3):483-498
The Corallian limestone of northern England (UK) is widely exploited for water supplies and exhibits the karstic phenomena of sinking rivers, conduit development and groundwater velocities of several kilometres per day. To test a number of model-derived source protection zones and elucidate contaminant transport mechanisms in the aquifer, three tracer tests were conducted from a set of swallow-holes draining the River Derwent toward public water supply wells in the eastern part of the aquifer. Tracers used included: Enterobacter cloacae (bacteriophage), Photine C (optical brightener), sodium fluorescein (fluorescent dye) and sulphur hexafluoride (dissolved gas), the varying properties of which make them suitable analogues for different types of potential contaminant. Observed tracer transport times and arrival patterns indicate that tracer transport occurs through karstic channels embedded in a network of primary fissures which exert control over tracer concentrations once initial tracer plumes have passed. A dipole flow system is observed between the swallow-holes and the closest abstraction well, whilst previously modelled source protection zones do not accurately reflect either groundwater velocity or those areas of the aquifer supplying the wells. These findings imply that managing such aquifers for potential contamination should rely upon empirical tracer evidence for source-protection zone modelling. 相似文献
14.
由含水层底部向上施工疏放水孔（井）进行疏水降压是保证煤矿安全开采的重要措施之一,该类疏放水孔与地面抽水井的渗流特征具有显著差别。为了研究井下疏放水孔的渗流特征,以非承压含水层底部单井疏放水孔为例,采用数值模拟的方法对其渗流特征进行研究。研究结果表明,当疏放水井的井长lw小于临界长度lc时,即lwc,疏放水井上部含水层孔隙水压力大于0,且由下而上呈先增加后减小的分布规律,渗流量与井长呈指数函数关系增加;当lw ≥ lc时,疏放水非完整井的渗流特征及渗流量与完整井相同;渗流量随井半径增加呈指数关系增加,且指数小于1;将s+lw代替水位降深s对裘布依（Dupuit）潜水完整井计算公式进行修正,当lwc时,采用修正的Dupuit潜水完整井计算公式计算疏放水非完整井渗流量更精确。该研究结果对认识井下疏放水井上部孔隙水压力分布特征及合理布置疏放水井具有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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两淮煤田绝大部分是被厚数百米的新生界松散层掩盖,其中含有若干个含水层,为掌握这些含水层的富水性和水文地质特征,需要对含水层进行抽水试验.新生界松散含水层抽水试验止水方法有多种,通过对祁东煤矿南部采区水文地质探查工程SQ9孔新生界底部“四含”抽水试验止水方法的研究,提出了一种简便而有效的止水方法. 相似文献
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由于地下水突涌风险,地下空间在施工作业中有必要通过抽水试验确定承压含水层的水文地质参数。依据勘察报告的初步评价,基坑开挖15.5m时,场地内第⑦1层承压含水层有可能产生突涌,为确保工程安全施工,需开挖前进行承压含水层抽水试验,取得场地承压含水层水文地质参数及降水引起的沉降特征,为地下空间设计和施工提供可靠依据。本次布设抽水井、观测井、分层沉降标组、孔隙水压力观测孔及地面沉降观测点,依据抽水试验技术要求获取渗透系数、抽水影响半径等相关水文地质参数。最后,针对工程场地内承压水情况及特点进行分析,提出基坑开挖时的承压水降压建议方案。 相似文献
17.
国家大剧院深基坑地下水控制设计及施工技术 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
国家大剧院基坑地下水控制是大剧院工程的三大难题之一,也是专家们讨论的焦点。经过水文地质试验和充分论证,确定了地下水控制方案和施工方法,即采用反循环成井工艺施工引渗井,将上层滞水和潜水引渗到第一层承压含水层中消纳,保证第一步基坑开挖至-15 7m;在-15 7m位置采用连续墙阻隔第一层承压水,并使用旋挖钻机在槽内施工降水井,疏干槽内承压含水层并进行越流补给控制,保证基坑开挖至-26m;在歌剧院台仓局部加深部份(-32 5m),采用封闭布设减压井,解决基坑开挖和台仓地下结构施工时基坑突涌的问题;最后采用特殊的封井技术,将井管内高于槽底约10m的承压水头封堵在槽底以下0 5m,安全截断井管,保证了基础施工。 相似文献
18.
早在60年代末,上海利用地下含水层冬季贮存冷水,夏季抽用;夏季贮存热水,冬季抽用。不仅增加地下水的补给量,提高地下水位,控制地面沉降,而且为工业、民用提供了巨大的廉价的冷源和热源。本文介绍了上海地下含水层储能试验,在全市建立十四个储能试验场,布设储冷井25口,储热井9口,观测井58口。试验与工厂生产结合。经过多周期的灌采试验,建立了一整套的灌采条件下地下水动力模型、温度场模型、水质浓度弥散模型。 相似文献
19.
Raziyeh Hendizadeh Mazda Kompanizare Mohammad R. Hashemi G. Reza Rakhshandehroo 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(4):865-876
In this study, the critical (or maximum) discharge rates before saline water enters a well were determined for vertical and horizontal wells in a freshwater aquifer which is separated from a static saline aquifer by a sharp interface. Flow around the well was solved by integration of a point sink solution along the well axis, and both the critical discharge rate and critical interface rise were determined through a comparison of the heads and vertical gradients at the saline–fresh water interface. The rates were determined for vertical and horizontal wells with various lengths and depths for different aquifer salinities. Results were generalized by drawing dimensionless type curves. The results showed that the dimensionless total critical discharge rates are higher for the longer horizontal wells and longer vertical wells with a certain bottom depth, and they almost linearly decrease with well depth at rates of 0.7–0.9. For the dimensionless well length of 0.2, the dimensionless total discharge rate of a horizontal well is about 0.1 more than that of a vertical well with the same length and well-top depth. Also, the critical discharge rates per unit length of well are inversely proportional to well length and remarkably higher for shallower wells. Additionally, the critical pumping rate is proportional to the salinity difference of the aquifers. These results were confirmed by comparison to existing solutions for vertical wells with dimensionless lengths of 0.2, 0.5 and 0.6, and for critical interface rises in the range of 0.75–0.9. 相似文献
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The origin and movement of groundwater are the fundamental questions that address both the temporal and spatial aspects of ground water run and water supply related issues in hydrological systems. As groundwater flows through an aquifer, its composition and temperature may variation dependent on the aquifer condition through which it flows. Thus, hydrologic investigations can also provide useful information about the subsurface geology of a region. But because such studies investigate processes that follow under the Earth's shallow, obtaining the information necessary to answer these questions is not continuously easy. Springs, which discharge groundwater table directly, afford to study subsurface hydrogeological processes.The present study of estimation of aquifer factors such as transmissivity (T) and storativity (S) are vital for the evaluation of groundwater resources. There are several methods to estimate the accurate aquifer parameters (i.e. hydrograph analysis, pumping test, etc.). In initial days, these parameters are projected either by means of in-situ test or execution test on aquifer well samples carried in the laboratory. The simultaneous information on the hydraulic behavior of the well (borehole) that provides on this method, the reservoir and the reservoir boundaries, are important for efficient aquifer and well data management and analysis. The most common in-situ test is pumping test performed on wells, which involves the measurement of the fall and increase of groundwater level with respect to time. The alteration in groundwater level (drawdown/recovery) is caused due to pumping of water from the well. Theis (1935) was first to propose method to evaluate aquifer parameters from the pumping test on a bore well in a confined aquifer. It is essential to know the transmissivity (T = Kb, where b is the aquifer thickness; pumping flow rate, Q = TW (dh/dl) flow through an aquifer) and storativity (confined aquifer: S = bSs, unconfined: S = Sy), for the characterization of the aquifer parameters in an unknown area so as to predict the rate of drawdown of the groundwater table/potentiometric surface throughout the pumping test of an aquifer. The determination of aquifer's parameters is an important basis for groundwater resources evaluation, numerical simulation, development and protection as well as scientific management. For determining aquifer's parameters, pumping test is a main method. A case study shows that these techniques have been fast speed and high correctness. The results of parameter's determination are optimized so that it has important applied value for scientific research and geology engineering preparation. 相似文献