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随着天然气水合物勘探工作的不断深入,钻井已成为勘探的必需手段。近年来,针对天然气水合物的钻探工作已在全球范围内开展,如ODP164航次、日本南海海槽的天然气水合物钻探、ODP204航次、加拿大马更些河三角洲地区、IODP311航次及印度的天然气水合物钻探,这些钻探工作都伴随着地球物理测井,不同地区的钻探由于钻探目的层的地质条件及地质任务不同,分别采用了不同的测井方法,在储层测井评价方面也使用了各种各样的手段,对天然气水合物的识别和精细评价起到了十分积极的作用。主要从测井方法与资料评价两个方面介绍天然气水合物测井领域的新进展。 相似文献
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天然气水合物将成为21世纪的替代能源，地球物理方法是勘探天然气水合物的重要手段。本文比较全面地分析和总结了天然气水合物的各种地球物理识别技术以及地震资料的特殊处理和分析方法，详细地介绍了水平地震剖面、垂直地震剖面、测井以及旁侧声纳剖面上天然气水合物的表现和识别方法。特别地，针对海洋地震资料的特点以及天然气水合物在地震剖面上的识别标志BSR、振幅空白带等特征，文章引入了真振幅处理、子波处理以及多项式拟合等处理方法来提高天然气水合物识别标志在地震剖面上的显示效果。最后，为了全面了解海底天然气水合物的分布 以及微细结构，文章介绍了AVO分析、全波形反演速率分析、叠加速度分析和走时反演等正、反演技术。 相似文献
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地震反射技术在水合物调查评价中的应用前景及设想 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4
在研究了天然气水合物沉积层其上下围岩（层）的地球物理特征和模型正演分析的基础上，指出了地震反射技术在天然气水合物调查评价中有着广阔的应用前景，并提出了地震反射技术在天然气水合物调查中的技术设想。 相似文献
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在研究了天然气水合物沉积层及其上下围岩(层)的地球物理特征和模型正演分析的基础上,指出了地震反射技术在天然气水合物调查评价中有着广阔的应用前景,并提出了地震反射技术在天然气水合物调查中的技术设想. 相似文献
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AVO技术在水合物调查评价的应用中应注意的问题 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用AVO技术进行真假BSR识别和水合物储集层预测时应注意的问题是：①是否搞清了水合物沉积层与其上下围岩（层）之间的地球物理特征（尤其是纵、横波速度）差异以及不同的岩性组合带来的AVO效应的差异；②是否搞清了水合物沉积层与其它能引起类似于BSR反射特征的岩石（如火山岩）之间的地球物理特征（尤其是纵、横波速度）差异。只有搞清这些问题，在应用AVO技术进行真假BSR识别和储集层预测时才能有的放矢，辩别真假，避免AVO技术在应用到石油天然气勘探的早期所出现的应用“陷阱”。 相似文献
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测井技术在水合物储层识别中的应用前景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海洋天然气水合物是一种潜在的巨大能源。地球物理测井在天然气水合物探测与储量评价领域发挥了重要作用,并且随着以勘探天然气水合物为目的的钻井数量的增多日益受到重视。主要介绍了常规测井方法、成像测井和核磁测井在识别天然气水合物储层中的应用,发展海洋天然气水合物的识别技术,准确了解天然气水合物的分布与蕴藏量,对我国海洋天然气水合物产业的建立具有关键作用。 相似文献
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在评价永久冻土区天然气水合物资源量时,沉积层孔隙中水合物饱和度的确定至关重要.总结了冻土区水合物饱和度评价方法,主要介绍了直接测试估算法、孔隙水地球化学估算法和地球物理测并估算法.在水合物饱和度估算过程中,每种方法都存在缺陷.因此,在对复杂的冻土沉积体系中水合物饱和度进行估算时,应根据实际情况选用一种以上的方法相互验证... 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献