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地壳应变场常用钻孔体应变仪进行测量,而周期为几分钟到几小时的短周期气压波是影响体应变仪工作的一种长期因素.本文以Evertson等人推导的体应变短周期气压干扰模型为基础,从理论上进一步探讨了体应变气压影响系数与气压周期、岩石弹性参数和井孔深度的关系及变化规律.由于体应变观测井孔存在耦合效应,又建立了大气压垂直载荷作用下观测井孔耦合系数计算方程,比较了在多重因素作用下体应变气压影响系数理论观测值与无孔岩石真实值之间的差异,并与涞水、顺义、东三旗和昌平台的Sacks体应变实际观测资料进行了比对分析.这对地震前兆微动态信息背景场的探索具有实际意义. 相似文献
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对在华北地区的8个 YRY-2型钻孔应变仪试验点观测结果的分析指出:浅孔(21-25m)安装的钻孔应变仪能真实反映地壳应变活动.在地震和潮汐频段,仪器提供的记录可供定量分析提取有关信息.对日波以上长周期频段信息的使用,要考虑仪器零漂的影响.仪器要在更大范围推广使用,须提高安装成功率并加强雷击防范措施. 相似文献
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怀来台体积式钻孔应变仪安装于1988年,以应变固体潮为主要观测目标.多年来,取得了连续完整高质量的观测资料.本文列举了怀来钻孔应变的台址背景及仪器观测条件;分析了实际观测中钻孔应变资料受仪器零漂、气压、水位、降雨等因素的干扰;研究了钻孔应变在本区及邻区震前出现的记录曲线畸变、潮汐因子异常、应变固体潮畸变等不同形式的异常变化并对其进行特征分析.研究表明,钻孔应变观测是获取构造活动异常变化信息,进行地球物理研究、地震预测预报的有效途径. 相似文献
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利用不同倾斜仪和应变仪检测地球自由振荡的对比与分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
中国地震局地壳形变观测台网布设有垂直摆倾斜仪、钻孔倾斜仪、洞体应变仪、分量式钻孔应变仪与体应变仪等地形变观测仪器。这些观测仪器均记录到了2011年日本M_W9.0大地震激发的自由振荡信号。本文分别利用单台数据和多台数据叠积,检测到_0S_3~_0S_(30)全部的球型自由振荡基频振型和_0T_3~_0T_(20)全部的环型自由振荡基频振型及部分谐频振型。此外,通过对这些检测结果的对比,分析了它们对不同自由振荡类型、不同频段的振型检测能力。分析发现垂直摆倾斜仪对球型自由振荡的检测结果最佳,且由于在低频段有较高的噪声干扰,钻孔倾斜仪无法检测到低阶的球型自由振荡。对于环型自由振荡的检测,分量式钻孔应变仪检测结果最佳。 相似文献
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用固体潮观测资料将钻孔应变变化换算为地层的应力变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用钻孔应变观测值中潮汐频段部分和钻孔岩芯的弹性系数,将钻孔应变换算为地层应力的格值,用此格值可将钻孔应变的非潮汐变化换算成该地地层的非潮汐应力变化。从潮汐模型研究和潮汐观测结果来看,勒夫数受地球在结构的影响,空间变化不大,据此可用勒夫数的模型值去求定标应力。由钻孔应变观测值求定钻孔应变的面应力系数和差应力系数,而不必知道耦合介质的力学性能。探头周围介质若非各向同性时,应力系数可用椭圆的解析式拟合 相似文献
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分析合肥地震台钻孔体应变观测资料干扰因素及特征,发现水位和气压等因素对TJ-Ⅱ型钻孔应变仪影响显著.在该地震台观测优化改造期间,钻孔体应变受到临近钻孔灌水的影响,而降雨和灌水导致的水位变化,对体应变干扰程度不同. 相似文献
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高台地震台钻孔应变观测资料的分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
对高台地震台2008—2012年的YRY-4分量钻孔应变观测资料进行处理与分析,结果显示:高台台YRY-4分量钻孔应变仪运行良好,产出的观测数据连续、稳定、可靠;各个分量应变潮汐因子及相位变化相对稳定,相对误差较小,符合地壳形变观测技术规范要求;各个分量应变观测数据具有明显的周期特性和同向漂移变化。 相似文献
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用中国钻孔应变台网资料检验大震“前驱波” 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用中国钻孔应变台网的13个台站观测精度达10-10～10-8量级TJ式钻孔体应变仪观测资料,深入分析2004年12月23日澳大利亚麦阔里岛MS8.0和2004年12月26日印尼苏门答腊MS8.9大震前应变变化,对这两次地震“前驱波”进行了客观地检验。 用高通滤波消除了周期大于128 min的固体潮汐影响,用回归分析方法消除了气压干扰。 用小波变换方法将2～128 min信号分解到6个不同频段进行分析。 结果显示,该方法能提取出信号中微弱变化信息。 根据小波变换提取的类似“前驱波”基本特征,提出“超限率”分析方法检验小波分解的细节部分。 对所有细节部分的超限率时间序列的回归直线斜率进行统计,得出了平均值和标准差,分析了正负比。 这3项统计数据显示,大震前15 d之内不能普遍检测到“前驱波”。 相似文献
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我们率先用钻孔应变仪观测资料研究了地球自由振荡. 泰安地震台有差应变和体应变两种钻孔应变观测仪器，都观测到2004年12月26日苏门答腊大地震激发的地球自由振荡. 体应变仪观测到地球的球型振荡，而差应变仪观测到地球的环型振荡. 两种观测还记录到环型振荡与球型振荡相互的耦合作用. 观测也记录到明显的一些振型的谱线分裂现象. 用直接观测到的高质量的环型振荡资料求解了0T8～0T19等主要振型的Q值. 根据两个方向的剪应变观测数据，求解了环型振荡的最大剪应变方向，发现这个方向是相当稳定的. 这种研究表明，高精度钻孔应变观测仪是一种理想的地壳形变观测仪器，可以为地球自由振荡研究提供更丰富的信息. 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献
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