共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
广东沿海地区风暴潮易损性评估 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从系统学角度出发,对广东省沿海地区(阳江-汕尾岸段)风暴潮灾害易损性因子进行综合分析,提出从社会经济、土地利用、生态环境、滨海构造物和承灾能力5个方面对风暴潮承灾体进行易损性评估,建立广东省沿海地区风暴潮易损性评价指标体系.依托国际通用的海岸易损性评估模式并对其进行改进,建立与广东省沿海地区相适应的风暴潮易损性评价模型... 相似文献
2.
渤海西岸平原海平面上升危害性评估 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：14
本文按照ＩＰＣＣ第三工作组海岸管理小组拟定的国际共同研究大纲与方法，在对渤海西岸平原海平面上升的危害性进行评估时，应用ＴＭ遥感影像与地理信息系统，由土地利用类型、海岸蚀积动态叠加１─６ｍ等高线编制成环境地形图，再与地面形变图等辅助图件对照分析，预测海平面上升对环境和社会经济的危害。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
海岸沙地生态系统是海岸带陆地、海洋和大气交互作用形成的典型生态系统,具有重要的服务功能和价值。本文通过对国内外文献进行综述,认为海岸沙地生态系统主要具有3个功能:(1)海岸地区的天然防护屏障; (2)生物多样性的保护基地; (3)滨海旅游服务的基础。探讨了海岸沙地受到破坏的主要原因及其保护面临的挑战,认为海岸沙地生态系统服务价值评估的不确定性以及构成的不对称性,是其保护面临的最大挑战。未来需要加强对海岸沙地生态系统服务价值的准确评估,在此基础上制定合理的保护政策,将海岸沙地的保护和开发结合起来,充分发挥海岸沙地生态系统的服务功能,为海岸地区的可持续发展提供依据。 相似文献
6.
苏北废黄河三角洲海岸侵蚀脆弱性评估 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
随着全球气候变化、海平面上升、人类活动加剧以及巨量泥沙来源断绝的影响,苏北废黄河三角洲海岸正面临前所未有的侵蚀灾害风险。本文基于研究区特点和脆弱性指数法(CVI),选取岸线变化速率、等深线变化速率、岸滩坡度、水下坡度、沉积动力环境、年平均含沙量、年平均高潮位、海岸利用类型、海岸开发适宜性等9个评估指标,采用层次分析法(AHP)确定各评估指标权重,结合遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术对废黄河三角洲海岸侵蚀脆弱性进行评估。结果表明废黄河三角洲整体表现为较高的侵蚀脆弱性,其中较高以上脆弱性超过50%,中度以上脆弱性超过75%。评估得出的海岸侵蚀脆弱性分布可为海岸带资源保护、防灾减灾、规划管理等提供重要的参考。 相似文献
7.
辽宁省滨海湿地类型及生态服务价值研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
基于辽宁省海岸带2005年秋季的Landsat ETM影像解译数据,根据辽宁海岸线湿地发育特点,确定辽宁省滨海湿地类型,计算湿地面积;并应用生态经济学的理论和研究方法,结合相关统计数据,对辽宁省滨海湿地提供的资源供给、环境调节和人文社会3大类共8项生态服务的经济价值进行估算。结果表明,辽宁省滨海湿地总面积为15208．06km2,其中自然湿地和人工湿地面积比例分别为71．49％和28．51％;辽宁省滨海湿地生态服务总价值为443．47×10^8元／a,相当于全省2005年GDP的5．54％。其中滨海湿地的资源供给服务价值最大,为195．86×10^8 t／a,占滨海湿地总价值的44．17％,环境调节服务和人文社会服务价值比例分别为31．79％和24．04％,表明滨海湿地在发挥显著的直接经济效益的同时,还兼具巨大的生态效益和社会效益,对于维系辽宁海岸带环境支撑能力和可持续发展能力,确保辽宁沿海经济带建设国家发展战略的实施具有重要的作用。 相似文献
8.
胶东半岛北部沿海现代风沙灾害特点,成因及减灾对策 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
胶东半岛北岸以基岩岬湾海岸为主,港湾顶部的滨海平原上全新统风积砂层广泛分布,滨岸沙坝(滩)发育,为现代风沙灾害提供了丰富的物质。本文分析了胶东半岛北岸现代风沙灾害的特点,成因,提出加强防护林体系建设、局地工程固沙及控制沙源等综合减灾对策。 相似文献
9.
10.
京津冀地区县域单元地质灾害风险评估 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
以京津冀地区为例,探索县域单元的地质灾害风险评估方法。通过测算地质灾害危险性与承灾体易损性,以定性综合评估的方式实现县域单元地质灾害风险评估。实际评估中,将承灾体易损性分为人口安全易损性与资产易损性,分别用因灾死亡人口比与因灾直接经济损失比加以表征;再以国土资源部2001-2015年地质灾害灾情数据为基础,参考1950-2000年灾情数据,提出人口安全易损性与资产易损性的分级标准,并在京津冀地区进行了评估。结果表明：研究区整体地质灾害风险低,204个评估单元中仅有6个为中风险区,包括河北省涞源县、涞水县、武安市、青龙满族自治县、北京石景山区、延庆区,其余198个为低风险区,与实际情况相符。此方法快捷简便、数据可连续获取,符合建立资源环境承载能力监测预警机制要求。空间差异化评估结果可为主动防灾减灾、国土空间管理提供支撑。 相似文献
11.
1 IntroductionCoastal areas, with dense population and high urbanization, are highly sensitive to global environmental change. The impacts of coastal environmental changes, such as sea level rise and related disasters exacerbation on socio-economic development of coastal areas, have become a matter of public concern. To study the vulnerable scope and degree of impacts of sea level rise and related exacerbating coastal hazards can provide a scientific basis for lessening the potential losses th… 相似文献
12.
Assessment of coastal vulnerability to environmental change in Jiangsu coastal plain 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Assessment of coastal vulnerability to future environmental change has been emphasized in coastal nations or regions. The Jiangsu coastal plain, located to the north of the Yangtze River Delta in China, is most vulnerable to sea level rise and exacerbating coastal hazards. This paper develops the method of delimiting vulnerable scope and assessing coastal vulnerability through field observations and sampling and by applying remote sensing and GIS, which are suitable for great river delta and coastal plains with large area, relative complex micro-geomorphology and the protection of seawall. Applying this method, the coastal vulnerability of the Jiangsu coastal plain to relative sea level rise (approximately 50 cm up to the year 2050) and exacerbating storm surges have been assessed. The results show that, up to the year 2050, the Jiangsu coastal plain will probably lose 12.8 % of tidal flats (about 5.8×104 hm2) and 7.9 % of cultivated land (about 7.2×104 hm2). Meanwhile, 2.0 % of population, 3.8 % of original value of fixed assets, 3.2% of GDP (Gross Domestic Product), 40.3 % of salt industry and 5.8 % of aquiculture respectively will be affected due to coastal environmental change. 相似文献
13.
Coastal steepening potentially presents an array of management issues in the form of financial implications of sea defence degradation, increased risk posed to the hinterland as wave attenuation is reduced, 'coastal squeeze' and statutory requirements in the light of the Habitats Directive. The extent to which coastal steepening has occurred throughout England and Wales has been investigated through use of a GIS and dataset based on historical Ordnance Survey map information. Data were collected along 1084 selected profile lines, positioned so as to be geomorphologically representative of the coast. Features recorded from each map year included the positions of mean high water (MHW) and mean low water (MLW), the relative movements of which infer changing intertidal gradients. The results presented in this paper are on a subject and scale not previously published. It is revealed that 61% of the coastline studied has experienced a tendency towards steepening. Of the remainder, 33% has flattened, and 6% has experienced no rotational movement. This tendency towards steepening has been the dominant movement on each of the west, south, and east coasts. 相似文献
14.
David Gregory 《New Zealand geographer》2008,64(2):144-153
Abstract: In this paper the proposed New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement is set within the context of its Resource Management Act legislative framework and in terms of the evolution of the fundamental influence of policy statements on coastal management in New Zealand. This discussion is coupled with an examination of the development of strong policy directions in the proposed statement and the potential impact of giving effect to these policies on the regional and unitary authorities tasked with this responsibility. 相似文献
15.
Paul S. Kench Karin R. Bryan Deirdre E. Hart David M. Kennedy Michael J. Hilton 《New Zealand geographer》2008,64(2):93-104
Abstract: University research in coastal geomorphology, processes and management has made a major contribution to the fundamental understanding of coastal systems in New Zealand over the past 43 years. This article examines the growth in university-based coastal research since 1964 and discusses the geographical pattern and themes of this research. Data indicate a significant geographical concentration of research effort and focus on a narrow range of research themes. Underlying reasons for these characteristics of New Zealand coastal research are explored and challenges facing university based research are discussed. Such challenges can be overcome through a more coordinated research effort to realize the huge potential to undertake coastal science of national relevance and international significance. 相似文献
16.
香港填海造地及其影响分析 总被引：34，自引：0，他引：34
香港海岸为山地丘陵泥谷海岸，沿岸平地狭小，城市建设用地非常昂贵，通常以填海造地补充不足，１９９５年填海造地总面积达６２００ｈｍ＾２，占香港总面积的５．７％。填海造地经历了由小规模民劈山填海至大规模吹填造地阶段。填海的土地用于海港、机场、沿岸道路和街市建设等。 相似文献
17.
海岸线轮廓演化的解析研究* 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文从Palnard Conside[1954]提出的岸线演化方程出发,提出在沿岸流作用下,海湾岸线的不冲不淤点位置与海湾形态的对称性、外海破波角和输沙率有关.海湾不冲不淤点随时间向湾外迁移,曲折岸线的不冲不淤点位于它的中心,位置稳定. 相似文献
18.
基于SWOT分析法对辽宁省沿海旅游整体发展进行定性和定量相结合的分析,结果表明内部因素得分0.65,外部因素得分0.74,处于坐标轴的东北方向。辽宁省沿海地区应充分发挥自身优势,克服劣势,避开威胁,把握发展机遇,实施整体发展五大战略:区域合作战略、商务休闲战略、优势战略、精品旅游路线战略和特色品牌战略。 相似文献
19.
E. Andrulewicz 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1997,6(2):121-134
Coastal lagoons in Poland arebiologically diverse and very productive areas, andhave a high economic importance as waterways, astourist resorts and through fisheries. On the otherhand, they remain under strong antrophogenic pressuredue to the high load of nutrients from agriculture,discharge of large amounts of municipal sewage andindustrial wastes. Three important Polish lagoons,namely the Odra/Szczecin, the Vistula, the PuckLagoons, are briefly described and environmentalproblems to be considered for sustainable managementare discussed. 相似文献
20.
滨海滩涂土壤有机碳演变驱动因子框架 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过归纳、总结前人大量的研究成果,从土壤有机碳演变的尺度约束框架、滩涂土壤有机碳的核心控制因子以及演变的驱动因素3个方面进行总结。结果表明：①目前形成的监测技术约束下的碳库研究体系,其研究的结果忽视了机理性认识的未来需要,这对于应对未来气候变化条件下的滩涂湿地碳库变化风险稍显不足; ② 滩涂土壤有机碳演变的核心控制因子有泥沙、地貌与埋藏速率、植被与农业活动。滩涂围垦后的农业活动类型与方式是滩涂开发后影响土壤有机碳演变的核心要素,远远高于自然滩涂中的自然主导因子; ③ 不同因素在不同时空尺度上会对滩涂有机碳演变起到重要影响,其中,土地利用/覆被对于有机碳的影响机制是需要重点关注的核心命题; ④ 小尺度、长时间尺度有机碳循环机制的研究需要加强,同时,综合考量要素的时空尺度特性及其技术手段的提升,更加注重过程研究对于指导未来滩涂土壤有机碳研究更具有现实意义。 相似文献