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1.
The solubility of aluminum hydroxide in seawater of 35‰ salinity at pH = 7.4−8.2 and 25°C was determined experimentally for
three samples synthesized in different ways. The solubilities of two phases subjected to ageing and precipitated (a) from
a boiling solution of aluminum sulfate and (b) immediately from seawater at room temperature were a little different and showed
the minimum within pH = 8.05−8.10. The solubility of aluminum hydroxide precipitated from a solution of sulfate aluminum at
room temperature and not subjected to ageing was about twofold at pH∼7.9. The analysis of the pH dependence of the concentration
of dissolved aluminum allows one to suppose that an Al(OH)2+ hydroxo complex is the primary form of the aluminum occurrence in seawater at pH < 8.05, whereas the Al(OH)4− anion is prevailing at pH > 8.10. Electrically neutral Al(OH)30 hydroxocomplexes may be prevailing within the narrow range of pH = 8.05−8.10 and, in general, are of secondary importance. 相似文献
2.
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - On July 5, 2016, NASA’s Juno station began flying around Jupiter in a meridional orbit, having detected eight cyclones near the poles in latitude... 相似文献
3.
A. A. Schreider Al. A. Schreider G. L. Kashintsev J. Galinado-Zaldivar A. Maldonado A. N. Boiko E. I. Evsenko 《Oceanology》2011,51(6):1047-1060
The first map of the acoustic basement and the new map of chrons C1-C5E for the region of the East Scotia mid-ocean ridge
have been made. The analysis of the maps and the calculations have indicated that the sea-floor spreading at the ridge’s flanks
started in its southeast in the interval of chrons C5Er-6An (18.52–20.17 Ma BP). The maximal spreading rate (5.3 cm/year)
was in the interval of chrons C5Bn-C5Br (14.78–15.97 Ma BP). Then, the spreading rate was slow and increased again from 3–6
Ma BP until the present. The spreading in the last 1–2 Ma was accompanied by the propagating of the axes southwards in the
E1, E2, and E4 segments and northwards in the E8 and E9 segments. 相似文献
4.
A. A. Schreider E. L. Mazo A. A. Bulychev Al. A. Schreider D. A. Gilod M. P. Kulikova 《Oceanology》2011,51(5):866-875
The peculiarities of the crustal structure within the Falkland Basin have been discussed. Maps of the free-air and Bouguer
(2.3 g/cm3) gravity anomalies and their transforms have been made. The complex analysis of the anomalous gravity field has allowed us
to confirm the continental origin of the crust. The zoning of the crust has been performed. The crust is thinned and is enriched
in basic and ultrabasic intrusions. A map demonstrating the distribution of the faults within the studied water area has been
made. A conclusion has been reached about the leading role played by tension processes throughout the evolution of the crust
within the studied water area. 相似文献
5.
《Oceanologica Acta》2002,25(5):267-269
This article outlines the background and planning for a South American workshop on marine biodiversity in Concepción, Chile, 28–30 October, 2002. This first CoML/POGO effort in the Southern hemisphere, pursuant to the Sao Paulo declaration began with presentations in all major coastal states and brings together key South American researchers to take advantage of new research concepts emerging from the Census projects. 相似文献
6.
Pituitary gland, or pituitary for short, is characteristic of all vertebrates. As a “master gland” controlling a multitude of important functions in the body, its evolutionary origin has been an object of investigations of evolutionary biology for two centuries. Previous morphological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies suggested the homology of the Hatschek’s pit of amphioxus and vertebrate pituitary. Developmental genetics study showed that the development of Hatschek’s pit and vertebrate pituitary is both subject to regulation by the common genes such as Pit1, Lhx3 and BMP3b. Our recent studies demonstrated that the Hatschek’s pit is able to secrete growth hormone (GH)-like hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-like hormone that both play functions similar to vertebrate GH and TSH. We thus think that the emergence of Hatschek’s pit represents one of important events during endocrine network evolution, which laid a foundation for the subsequent formation of a hypothalamic-pituitary system in vertebrates. 相似文献
7.
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The model balance equation of turbulence is represented in the form of the first law of thermodynamics. The forms for entropy are derived with an... 相似文献
8.
NI Kan ZHANG Shengkun QIAN Renjie
Associate Professor School of Naval Architecture Ocean Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University 《中国海洋工程》1998,(2)
First,Wirsching＇s model,which is widely employed in fatigue reliability anlysis of marine andoffshore structures,is analysed systematically.It is found that the very important random variable △ inWirsching＇s model can not be directly determined from fatigue experiment because of the irreversibility offatigue test,and in fact,what Wirsching studied from testing results is not △ but α of the statistical Miner＇srule.Second,by use of the statistical Miner＇s rule,a modified Wirsching＇s model is proposed.Thirdly andmore importantly,based on the two-dimensional probabilistic Miner＇s rule,a new model is established forfatigue reliability analysis of structural components subjected to specified cyclic loading of variableamplitude or stochastic time history.In the end,an example is presented,from which it will be seen thatthis new model is very convenient to use and feasible to engineering practice. 相似文献
9.
《Marine Policy》2014
The primary goal of Australia’s National Representative System of Marine Protected Areas (NRSMPA) is to establish a comprehensive, adequate and representative system of MPAs. This study identifies a glaring contradiction to this policy. The provinces of Christmas and Cocos Islands are among the most unique and threatened marine bioregions in Australia, yet receive no protection from the NRSMPA. The lack of protection appears to be due to difficulties with multiple governance arrangements and other political priorities. These issues have already caused biodiversity loss in the terrestrial environment of these bioregions. The Australian Government must include the Christmas and Cocos provinces in the NRSMPA otherwise it risks irreversible loss of marine biodiversity in these unique bioregions. 相似文献
10.
N. A. Rimskii-Korsakov V. N. Korotaev V. V. Ivanov A. A. Pronin N. A. Demidenko 《Oceanology》2013,53(5):630-638
New data on the Onega River estuary’s hydrological and morpholithodynamic regimes are presented. The river’s bottom structure and soil lithology are described on the basis of field sonar survey materials. Proceeding from the analysis of the hydrographic maps, the dynamics of the Onega River’s mouth bar is tracked over the period of 1830–2000. 相似文献
11.
随着我国海洋二号B卫星(HY-2B)于2018年10月发射成功,国家卫星海洋应用中心于珠海万山进行了HY-2B的在轨测试。试验利用沿岸验潮仪,在珠海万山直湾岛HY-2B过境轨道375的星下点附近进行了由2018年11月3日至12月12日的验潮仪定标试验。在试验期间,HY-2B共重访定标场星下点3次,定标结果表明:3个周期的HY-2B雷达高度计测量海面高度定标结果良好,定标参数分别为(3.06±3.48) cm、(2.85±1.03) cm、?7.41 cm;定标参数在前3个周期存在一定漂移,需要后续的定标工作以确定漂移原因。 相似文献
12.
Wanshan area has been chosen to be the specified field to calibrate and validate(Cal/Val) the HY-2 altimeter and its follow-on satellites. In March 2018, an experiment has been conducted to determine the sea surface height(SSH) under the HY-2 A ground track(Pass No. 203). A GPS towing-body(GPS-TB) was designed to measure the SSH covering an area of about 6 km×28 km wide centered on the HY-2 A altimeter satellite ground track. Three GPS reference stations, one tide gauge and a GPS buoy were placed in the research area, in order to process and resolve the kinematic solution and check the precision of the GPS-TB respectively. All the GPS data were calculated by the GAMIT/GLOBK software and TRACK module. The sea surface was determined by the GPS-TB solution and the tide gauge placed on Zhiwan Island. Then the sea surface of this area was interpolated by Arc GIS10.2 with ordinary Kriging method. The results showed that the precision of the GPS-TB is about 1.10 cm compared with the tide gauge placed nearby, which has an equivalent precision with the GPS buoy. The interpolated sea surface has a bias of –1.5–4.0 cm with standard deviation of 0.2–2.4 cm compared with the checking line. The gradient of the measured sea surface is about 1.62 cm/km along the HY-2 orbit which shows a good agreement compared with the CLS11 mean sea surface(MSS). In the Cal/Val of satellites, the sea surface between the tide gauge/GPS buoy and the footprint of altimeter can be improved by this work. 相似文献
13.
基于GNSS浮标和验潮资料的HY-2A卫星高度计绝对定标 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探测我国HY-2A卫星高度计海面高测量绝对偏差及其在轨运行状态,本文利用GNSS浮标星下点同步测量和验潮资料海面高传递方法在山东千里岩和珠海担杆岛海域开展定标研究。为验证GNSS浮标定标方法的准确性,还对国外卫星Jason-2和Saral进行了定标实验。实验表明GNSS浮标绝对海面高测量精度达2 cm,对Jason-2和Saral高度计多个周期定标得到的海面高偏差均值分别为5.7 cm和-2.3 cm,与国际专门定标场的结果符合较好。2014年9月和2015年5月HY-2A卫星高度计浮标定标结果分别是-65 cm和-91 cm,因两次结果差异显著,故又利用千里岩验潮站资料对HY-2A卫星高度计第56至73周期进行了定标分析,结果证明HY-2A卫星海面高存在约-51 cm/a的漂移,置信度为95%的回归分析表明浮标和验潮定标结果符合。本文研究结果表明在我国尚无专门定标场的情况下,可利用GNSS浮标对我国高度计实施灵活、精准的在轨绝对定标,在有高度计轨迹经过验潮站的情况下可使用验潮资料结合精密大地水准面模型进行绝对定标。 相似文献
14.
卫星海面高度数据对于监测全球海面高度具有重要的意义,所以卫星高度数据的定标和检验变得至关重要。海洋二号C（HY-2C）卫星是继海洋二号B卫星后的第二颗业务卫星,于2020年成功发射升空。然而,目前对HY-2C卫星高度计的数据质量了解甚少,所以对HY-2C卫星的海面高度数据进行质量分析具有重要的意义。本文以同期观测的HY-2B卫星和Jason-3卫星的地球物理数据（GDR）为参考,对HY-2C卫星遥感地球物理数据（SGDR）中的海面高度数据进行质量分析。结果显示,在星星交叉定标中使用3种常见的交叉定标插值方法对HY-2C卫星的海面高度异常数据进行自交叉点分析时,HY-2C卫星海面高度异常数据质量分析的结果不同。其中使用三次样条插值方法进行质量分析的结果最优,得到海平面高度异常差的平均值为0.03 cm,标准差为6.17 cm。此外,对HY-2C卫星和HY-2B卫星互交叉点海面高度异常差异的平均值为?0.47 cm,标准差为5.32 cm;HY-2C卫星SGDR与Jason-3卫星GDR的海面高度异常数据进行互交叉点分析,得到海平面高度异常差的平均值为?0.3 cm,标准差为5.32 cm,这些数据表明HY-2C卫星的测高精度与HY-2B卫星、Jason-3卫星一致。因此HY-2C高度计产品数据质量稳定,能满足海洋应用和科学研究的需要。 相似文献
15.
HY-2 A (Haiyang-2 A) satellite was launched on August 16, 2011 and radar altimeter is one of its main payloads. We reprocessed two years of HY-2 A altimeter sensor geophysical dataset records (SGDR) data. This paper presents the main results in terms of reprocessed HY-2 A altimeter data quality: verification of data availability and validity, monitoring several relevant altimeter parameters, and assessment of the HY-2 A altimeter system performances. A cross-calibration analysis of reprocessed HY-2 A altimeter data with Jason-2 was conducted. The reprocessed HY-2 A altimeter data show good quality and have a low level of noise with respect to Jason-2. The same geophysical correction methods were used to calculate the sea surface height (SSH) for the two missions. The mean standard deviations of the crossover differences for HY-2 A and Jason-2 are 5.24 cm and 5.34 cm, respectively. The mean standard deviation of the crossover differences between HY-2 A and Jason-2 is 5.37 cm. These show that HY-2 A can provide SSH measurements at almost the same level of accuracy as Jason-2. The relative SSH bias between HY-2 A and Jason-2 due to the Ultra Stable Oscillator (USO) drift is obviously observed, and it can affect the calculation of mean sea level and should be further studied and corrected. 相似文献
16.
一种改进的卫星高度计绝对定标方法:以中国黄海海上试验为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
An improved absolute calibration technology based on indirect measurements was developed through two probative experiments, the performance of which was evaluated by applying the approach to in situ sea surface height(SSH) at the Tianheng Island(tidal gauge) and the satellite nadir(GPS buoy). Using Geoid/MSS(mean sea surface) data, which accounted for a constant offset between nadir and onshore tidal gauge water levels, and TMD(tidal model driver), which canceled out the time-varying offsets, nadir SSH(sea surface height) could be indirectly acquired at an onshore tidal gauge instead of from direct offshore observation. The approach extrapolated the onshore SSH out to the offshore nadir with an accuracy of(1.88±0.20) cm and a standard deviation of 3.3 cm, which suggested that the approach presented was feasible in absolute altimeter calibration/validation(Cal/Val), and the approach enormously facilitated the obtaining SSH from the offshore nadir. 相似文献
17.
P. Bonnefond P. Exertier O. Laurain Y. M nard A. Orsoni E. Jeansou B. J. Haines D. G. Kubitschek G. Born 《Marine Geodesy》2003,26(3):319-334
In the framework of the TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 CNES-NASA missions, two probative experiments have been conducted at the Corsica absolute calibration site in order to determine the local marine geoid slope under the ascending TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 ground track (No. 85). An improved determination of the geoid slope was needed to better extrapolate the offshore (open-ocean) altimetric data to on-shore tide-gauge locations. This in turn improves the overall precision of the calibration process. The first experiment, in 1998, used GPS buoys. Because the time required to cover the extended area with GPS buoys was thought to be prohibitive, we decided to build a catamaran with two GPS systems onboard. Tracked by a boat at a constant speed, this innovative system permitted us to cover an area of about 20 km long and 5.4 km wide centered on the satellites' ground track. Results from an experiment in 1999 show very good consistency between GPS receivers: filtered sea-surface height differences have a mean bias of -0.2 cm and a standard deviation of 1.2 cm. No systematic error or distortions have been observed and crossover differences have a mean value of 0.2 cm with a standard deviation of 2.7 cm. Comparisons with tide gauges data show a bias of 1.9 cm with a standard deviation of less than 0.5 cm. However, this bias, attributable in large part to the effect of the catamaran speed on the waterline, does not affect the geoid slope determination which is used in the altimeter calibration process. The GPS-deduced geoid slope was then incorporated in the altimeter calibration process, yielding a significant improvement (from 4.9 to 3.3 cm RMS) in the agreement of altimeter bias determinations from repeated overflight measurements. 相似文献
18.
《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(3-4):319-334
In the framework of the TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 CNES-NASA missions, two probative experiments have been conducted at the Corsica absolute calibration site in order to determine the local marine geoid slope under the ascending TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 ground track (No. 85). An improved determination of the geoid slope was needed to better extrapolate the offshore (open-ocean) altimetric data to on-shore tide-gauge locations. This in turn improves the overall precision of the calibration process. The first experiment, in 1998, used GPS buoys. Because the time required to cover the extended area with GPS buoys was thought to be prohibitive, we decided to build a catamaran with two GPS systems onboard. Tracked by a boat at a constant speed, this innovative system permitted us to cover an area of about 20 km long and 5.4 km wide centered on the satellites' ground track. Results from an experiment in 1999 show very good consistency between GPS receivers: filtered sea-surface height differences have a mean bias of ?0.2 cm and a standard deviation of 1.2 cm. No systematic error or distortions have been observed and crossover differences have a mean value of 0.2 cm with a standard deviation of 2.7 cm. Comparisons with tide gauges data show a bias of 1.9 cm with a standard deviation of less than 0.5 cm. However, this bias, attributable in large part to the effect of the catamaran speed on the waterline, does not affect the geoid slope determination which is used in the altimeter calibration process. The GPS-deduced geoid slope was then incorporated in the altimeter calibration process, yielding a significant improvement (from 4.9 to 3.3 cm RMS) in the agreement of altimeter bias determinations from repeated overflight measurements. 相似文献
19.
HY-2A卫星高度计有效波高信息提取业务化算法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2011年8月16日我国成功发射了第一颗自主海洋动力环境卫星HY-2A,有效波高是其搭载的雷达高度计可获取的重要海洋动力环境参数之一。本文详细介绍了应用于HY-2A雷达高度计的有效波高信息提取业务化算法,该算法通过迭代最小二乘拟合方法提取有效波高信息。同时,基于HY-2A雷达高度计业务化运行获取的有效波高数据,分别与Jason-2卫星高度计有效波高和NDBC浮标海浪波高数据进行了比对分析。比较结果表明,HY-2A雷达高度计与Jason-2有效波高的标准偏差为-0.26m,RMS为0.58m;HY-2A高度计与NDBC浮标数据间的标准偏差为-0.22m,RMS为0.37m。结果证明了目前应用于HY-2A雷达高度计业务化运行中的有效波高信息提取算法的可行性。 相似文献
20.
HY-2A卫星海面高度数据质量评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对HY-2A卫星雷达高度计数据进行筛选获取有效的观测点,利用HY-2A卫星第18~23周期数据和同时在轨的Jason-2数据进行交叉点选取,对两颗卫星在交叉点海面高度异常值的差值进行统计与分析,提出了基于交叉点差值统计特征的筛除HY-2A轨道数据方法,评估了HY-2A卫星雷达高度数据质量。结果显示,HY-2A卫星18~23周期阈值筛选去除的点个数占总海洋观测点约12%,HY-2A海面高度异常与Jason-2海面高度异常的标准偏差在7.0 cm,数据精度满足设计精度要求。 相似文献