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1.
自然资源部第一海洋研究所地球系统模式FIO-ESM是自主研发的、以耦合海浪模式为特色的地球系统模式,包括物理气候模式和全球碳循环模式。该模式从第一代版本FIO-ESM v1.0发展到第二代版本FIO-ESM v2.0,其物理气候模式和全球碳循环模式都取得了改进与提升。FIO-ESM v2.0全球碳循环模式的海洋碳循环模式由v1.0的营养盐驱动模型升级为NPZD（Nutrient-Phytoplankton-Zooplankton-Detritus）型的海洋生态动力学碳循环模型,陆地碳循环模型由v1.0的简单的光能利用率模型升级为考虑碳氮相互作用的碳氮（CN）耦合模型;大气碳循环模型仍为CO2的传输过程,考虑了化石燃料排放、土地利用排放等人为CO2排放量。在物理过程参数化方案方面,FIO-ESM v2.0全球碳循环过程在考虑浪致混合作用对生物地球化学参数的作用的基础上,增加了海表面温度的日变化过程对海-气CO2通量的影响。已有数值模拟试验结果表明,FIO-ESM v2.0在考虑了更加复杂的碳循环过程后仍具有较好的全球碳循环模拟能力,为进一步开展海洋与全球碳循环研究提供了更有力的支撑工具,从而更好地服务于国家的双碳目标。 相似文献
2.
上层海洋通过海气交换影响大气-海洋耦合系统，海浪引起的垂向混合影响上层海洋结构，从而在气候预测过程中发挥着重要的作用。本文基于国家海洋局第一海洋研究所地球系统模式（FIO-ESM），以2016年为例，分别开展了耦合和关闭海浪模式情况下的短期气候预测实验，分析浪致混合对北太平洋海表温度（SST）季节性预测的影响。通过对模式预测的SST异常（SSTA）进行定量评估发现，浪致混合能够显著降低北太平洋高纬度海区预测误差，在（45°N，150°E）附近海区SSTA改善可达1℃，气候模式能够更好地预测SSTA的经向分布特征，特别是能够准确地反映25°~45°N海区SSTA分布特征。通过分析有浪和无浪两个实验的热收支贡献发现，垂向混合是导致上层海洋温度差异的主导影响因子。海浪通过改变垂向混合，使2016年北太平洋SST在高纬度海区大幅降低，在低纬度海区略有升高，最终提升了模式对北太平洋SST的季节性预测能力。 相似文献
3.
对地球系统模式FIO-ESM同化实验中北极海冰模拟的评估 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文评估了地球系统模式FIO-ESM(First Institute of Oceanography-Earth System Model)基于集合调整Kalman滤波同化实验对1992-2013年北极海冰的模拟能力。结果显示:尽管同化资料只包括了全球海表温度和全球海面高度异常两类数据,而并没有对海冰进行同化,但实验结果能很好地模拟出与观测相符的北极海冰基本态和长期变化趋势,卫星观测和FIO-ESM同化实验所得的北极海冰覆盖范围在1992-2013年间的线性变化趋势分别为-7.06×105和-6.44×105 km2/(10a),同化所得的逐月海冰覆盖范围异常和卫星观测之间的相关系数为0.78。与FIO-ESM参加CMIP5(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5)实验结果相比,该同化结果所模拟的北极海冰覆盖范围的长期变化趋势和海冰密集度的空间变化趋势均与卫星观测更加吻合,这说明该同化可为利用FIO-ESM开展北极短期气候预测提供较好的预测初始场。 相似文献
4.
Diurnal sea surface temperature variation and its impact on the atmosphere and ocean: A review 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
The importance of the diurnal variability of sea surface temperature (SST) on air-sea interaction is now being increasingly
recognized. This review synthesizes knowledge of the diurnal SST variation, mainly paying attention to its impact on the atmosphere
or the ocean. Diurnal SST warming becomes evident when the surface wind is weak and insolation is strong. Recent observations
using satellite data and advanced instruments have revealed that a large diurnal SST rise occurs over wide areas in a specific
season, and in an extreme case the diurnal amplitude of SST exceeds 5 K. The large diurnal SST rise can lead to an increase
in net surface heat flux from the ocean of 50–60 Wm−2 in the daytime. The temporal mean of the increase exceeds 10 Wm−2, which will be non-negligible for the atmosphere. A few numerical experiments have indicated that the diurnal SST variation
can modify atmospheric properties over the Pacific warm pool or a coastal sea, but the processes underlying the modification
have not yet been investigated in detail. Furthermore, it has been shown that the diurnal change of ocean mixing process near
the surface must be considered correctly in order to reproduce SST variations on an intraseasonal scale in a numerical model.
The variation of mixed-layer properties on the daily scale is nonlinearly related to the intraseasonal variability. The mixed-layer
deepening/shoaling process on the daily scale will also be related to biological and material circulation processes. 相似文献
5.
The seasonal prediction of sea surface temperature(SST) and precipitation in the North Pacific based on the hindcast results of The First Institute of Oceanography Earth System Model(FIO-ESM) is assessed in this study.The Ensemble Adjusted Kalman Filter assimilation scheme is used to generate initial conditions, which are shown to be reliable by comparison with the observations. Based on this comparison, we analyze the FIO-ESM 6-month hindcast results starting from each month of 1993–2013. The model exhibits high SST prediction skills over most of the North Pacific for two seasons in advance. Furthermore, it remains skillful at long lead times for midlatitudes. The reliable prediction of SST can transfer fairly well to precipitation prediction via air-sea interactions.The average skill of the North Pacific variability(NPV) index from 1 to 6 months lead is as high as 0.72(0.55) when El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation and NPV are in phase(out of phase) at initial conditions. The prediction skill of the NPV index of FIO-ESM is improved by 11.6%(23.6%) over the Climate Forecast System, Version 2. For seasonal dependence, the skill of FIO-ESM is higher than the skill of persistence prediction in the later period of prediction. 相似文献
6.
气候模式中海洋数据同化对热带降水偏差的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文采用海洋卫星观测海表温度(SST)和海面高度异常(SLA)数据,对国家海洋局第一海洋研究所地球系统模式FIO-ESM(First Institute of Oceanography Earth System Model version 1.0)中海洋模式分量进行了集合调整卡尔曼滤波(EAKF)同化,对比分析了大气环流、湿度和云量对海洋数据同化的响应,探讨了海洋同化对热带降水模拟偏差的影响。结果表明:海洋数据同化能有效改善海表温度和上层海洋热含量的模拟,30°S~30°N纬度带内年平均SST的绝均差降低60%。同化后大气模式模拟的赤道两侧信风得到明显改善,上升气流在赤道以北热带地区增强而在赤道以南热带地区减弱,热带降水模拟的动力结构更为合理,水汽和云量分布也更切合实际。热带年平均降水的空间分布和强度在同化后均得到改善,赤道以南的纬向年平均降水峰值显著降低,降水偏差明显减小,同化后30°S~30°N纬度带内年平均降水绝均差降低35%。 相似文献
7.
吕宋海峡西部深海盆内孤立波潜标观测研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Using a net surface heat flux （Qnet） product obtained from the objectively analyzed air-sea fluxes （OAFlux） project and the international satellite cloud climatology project （ISCCP）, and temperature from the simple ocean data assimilation （SODA）, the seasonal variations of the air-sea heat fluxes in the northwestern Pa cific marginal seas （NPMS） and their roles in sea surface temperature （SST） seasonality are studied. The seasonal variations of Qnet, which is generally determined by the seasonal cycle of latent heat flux （LH）, are in response to the advection-induced changes of SST over the Kuroshio and its extension. Two dynamic regimes are identified in the NPMS： one is the area along the Kuroshio and its extension, and the other is the area outside the Kuroshio. The oceanic thermal advection dominates the variations of SST and hence the sea-air humidity plays a primary role and explains the maximum heat losing along the Kuroshio. The heat transported by the Kuroshio leads to a longer period of heat losing over the Kuroshio and its Extension. Positive anomaly of heat content corresponds with the maximum heat loss along the Kuroshio. The oceanic advection controls the variations of heat content and hence the surface heat flux. This study will help us understand the mechanism controlling variations of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system in the NPMS. In the Kuroshio region, the ocean current controls the ocean temperature along the main stream of the Ku roshio, and at the same time, forces the air-sea fluxes. 相似文献
8.
热带太平洋是影响全球气候系统的重要区域,热带太平洋海表温度(SST)的长期变化趋势模拟是国际研究领域关注的热点。基于12个参加第六期国际耦合模式比较计划(CMIP6)的模式结果,本研究对1950年至1999年间多模式模拟得到的热带太平洋SST增暖现象进行了初步评估。结果表明,不同模式对热带太平洋SST增暖的模拟能力差别较大,特别在赤道东太平洋区域,部分模式模拟得到了偏强的SST降温趋势,与实际观测中的SST增温趋势相反,多模式集合平均结果给出了中部型厄尔尼诺事件的增温趋势。通过引入SST增暖变率分析方法,本研究对多模式模拟的热带太平洋SST在过去50 a中的增暖内在变化进行了进一步评估,结果表明目前各模式对热带太平洋SST增暖变率模拟偏弱,空间分布差异较大。 相似文献
9.
The response of the eastern tropical Indian Ocean(ETIO) to heat fluxes of equal amplitude but opposite sign is investigated using the Community Earth System Model(CESM). A significant positive asymmetry in sea surface temperature(SST) is found over the ETIO—the warming responses to the positive forcing exceeds the cooling to the negative forcing. A mixed layer heat budget analysis is carried out to identify the mechanisms responsible for the SST asymmetry. Results show that it is mainly ascribed to the ocean dynamical processes, including vertical advections and diffusion. The net surface heat flux, on the contrary, works to reduce the asymmetry through its shortwave radiation and latent heat flux components. The former is due to the nonlinear relationship between SST and cloud, while the latter is resulted mainly from Newtonian damping and air-sea stability effects. Changes in the SST skewness are also evaluated, with more enhanced negative SST skewness over the ETIO found for the cooling than heating scenarios due to the asymmetric thermocline-SST feedback. 相似文献
10.
Imran M. Momin Neeraj Agarwal Rashmi Sharma Neetu Sujit Basu Abhijit Sarkar 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1):66-81
Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM) simulations from 1970–2007 are used to study the upper ocean heat content variability in the Tropical Indian Ocean (TIO). Model computed heat contents up to 50 m (denoted by HC50 m hereafter) representing upper ocean heat content and 300 m (HC300 m) representing heat content up to thermocline depth are first compared with heat contents computed from observations of two buoys in the TIO. It is found that there is good agreement between the model and observations. Fourier analysis of heat content is carried out in different regions of TIO. The amplitudes of semi-annual variability for HC50 m and HC300 m are observed to be greater than those for the annual variability in the Bay of Bengal, while in the Arabian Sea there is a mixed result. Heat content tendency is known to be governed by net surface heat flux and horizontal as well as vertical heat transports. For understanding the relative importance of these processes, a detailed analysis of these terms in the tendency equation is carried out. Rossby wave is observed in the annual mode of heat transport while equatorial jet and Kelvin waves are observed in the semi-annual mode of heart transport. Finally, the correlation between heat content and sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level anomaly (SLA), taken one at a time, is computed. It is found that the correlation improves significantly when both these quantities are together taken into account. 相似文献
11.
Hourly sea surface temperature(SST) observations from the geostationary satellite are increasingly used in studies of the diurnal warming of the surface oceans. The aim of this study is to derive the spatial and temporal distribution of diurnal warming in the China seas and northwestern Pacific Ocean from Multi-functional Transport Satellite(MTSAT) SST. The MTSAT SST is validated against drifting buoy measurements firstly. It shows mean biases is about –0.2°C and standard deviation is about 0.6°C comparable to other satellite SST accuracy. The results show that the tropics, mid-latitudes controlled by subtropical high and marginal seas are frequently affected by large diurnal warming. The Kuroshio and its extension regions are smaller compared with the surrounding regions. A clear seasonal signal, peaking at spring and summer can be seen from the long time series of diurnal warming in the domain in average. It may due to large insolation and low wind speed in spring and summer, while the winter being the opposite. Surface wind speed modulates the amplitude of the diurnal cycle by influencing the surface heat flux and by determining the momentum flux. For the shallow marginal seas, such as the East China Sea, turbidity would be another important factor promoting diurnal warming. It suggests the need for the diurnal variation to be considered in SST measurement, air-sea flux estimation and multiple sensors SST blending. 相似文献
12.
热带印度洋SST的日变化幅度受到大气季节内振荡(Madden-Julian Oscillation,MJO)的调制,其在MJO对流最强(弱)位相达到极小(大)值,并且在MJO对流增强位相显著强于其对流减弱位相。本文利用逐时的再分析海表通量强迫一维海洋混合层模式,定量地诊断了MJO事件中SST日变化的差异成因。结果表明,SST日变化在MJO对流最强与最弱位相的显著差异主要是由短波辐射的季节内变化所致(40%),其次是风应力(38%)和潜热通量(14%),其他要素的影响较小。而SST日变化在MJO对流增强与减弱位相所呈现的不对称特征,主要是由纬向风应力的不对称性所致,这是MJO扰动结构与背景环流相互作用的结果。 相似文献
13.
地球系统模式FIO-ESM对北极海冰的模拟和预估 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
评估了地球系统模式FIO-ESM(First Institute of Oceanography-Earth System Model)基于CMIP5(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5)的历史实验对北极海冰的模拟能力,分析了该模式基于CMIP5未来情景实验在不同典型浓度路径(RCPs,Representative Concentration Pathways)下对北极海冰的预估情况。通过与卫星观测的海冰覆盖范围资料相比,该模式能够很好地模拟出多年平均海冰覆盖范围的季节变化特征,模拟的气候态月平均海冰覆盖范围均在卫星观测值±15%范围以内。FIO-ESM能够较好地模拟1979-2005年期间北极海冰的衰减趋势,模拟衰减速度为每年减少2.24×104 km2,但仍小于观测衰减速度(每年减少4.72×104 km2)。特别值得注意的是:不同于其他模式所预估的海冰一直衰减,FIO-ESM对21世纪北极海冰预估在不同情景下呈现不同的变化趋势,在RCP2.6和RCP4.5情景下,北极海冰总体呈增加趋势,在RCP6情景下,北极海冰基本维持不变,而在RCP8.5情景下,北极海冰呈现继续衰减趋势。 相似文献
14.
判定局地海-气相互作用的特征对海-气耦合模式中应用哪种形式的“强迫模拟”具有重要指导作用。本文根据海表热通量异常与海表温度异常及海表温度变率之间的相关关系,对全球大洋季节内尺度上的海-气相互作用特征进行了综合分析。结果表明:(1)南、北半球亚热带地区海-气相互作用的特征主要表现为大气对海洋的强迫,且在夏季(北半球为6—8月,南半球为12—翌年2月)强迫作用的范围最大,冬季强迫作用的范围最小;(2)赤道中、东太平洋及赤道大西洋地区海-气相互作用的特征全年表现为海洋对大气的强迫,印度洋索马里沿岸、阿拉伯海以及孟加拉湾地区仅在6—8月表现出海洋强迫大气的现象,而孟加拉湾则在9—11月表现为大气强迫海洋;(3)45°N(S)以上的高纬度地区海表温度的异常和变率无法用局地热通量的交换来解释,这是因为该区域海表温度的变化主要由平流等海洋内部动力过程决定,因此海-气之间在季节内尺度上的相互作用不明显。在某些海区,季节内尺度上的海-气相互作用关系与季节以上时间尺度的这种关系可能会有明显不同。 相似文献
15.
Using the air-sea data set of January, 1983 (the mature phase of the 1982/83 El Nino event), the net radiation on the sea surface, the fluxes of the latent and the sensible heat from ocean to the atmosphere and the net heat gain of the sea surface are calculated over the Indian and the Pacific Oceans for the domain of 35°N-35°S and 45°E-75°W. The results indicate that the upward transfer of the latent and the sensible heat fluxes over the winter hemisphere is larger than that over the summer hemisphere. The sensible heat over the tropical mid Pacific in the Southern Hemisphere is transported from the atmosphere to the ocean, though its magnitude is rather small. The latent heat flux gained by the air over the eastern Pacific is less than the mean value of the normal year. The net radiation, on which the cloud amount has considerable impact, is essentially zonally distributed. Moreover, the sea surface temperature (SST) has a very good correlation with the net radiation, the region of warm SST coinci 相似文献
16.
东亚冬季风异常对西北太平洋海温的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用1950—1998年的月平均海温资料和NCEP/NCAR月平均大气环流再分析资料,研究了东亚冬季风的异常对西北太平洋海温的作用过程。结果表明,南海—台湾附近海域—日本南部以南海域(简称东亚邻海)是海-气热通量异常的显著区。弱东亚冬季风在东亚邻海有偏南风距平,抑制相应海域海-气界面上由海表向大气释放的热通量,从而使得海表温度出现正距平。强冬季风则反之。这种大气-热通量-海温的异常影响过程所需的响应时间约为1个月。东亚邻海冬季发生的海温异常可持续到下一年的夏季。 相似文献
17.
海气湍流热通量(潜热和感热)是研究海气相互作用和大洋环流的关键要素, 认识其变化机理对理解“海洋动力过程及气候效应”有重要意义。然而, 受观测手段和计算能力两方面的限制, 过去对海气湍流热通量日变化研究存在“特征认识较粗、机制理解较疏”的现象。本文探讨了在不同边界层稳定性下海气湍流热通量日变化研究中的问题与难点, 并讨论了“不同边界层稳定性下海气湍流热通量日变化过程和机理”这一关键科学问题。本文提出, 可基于海洋浮标、平台和波浪滑翔机等综合观测数据和高时空分辨率再分析资料, 利用块体算法和脉动分离方法, 揭示全球海气湍流热通量的精细化日变化特征和决定因素, 以及海气湍流热通量日变化强度(日内小时级变化的标准差)与极端天气过程和气候事件的动力关联。同时, 为更精准认识日变化过程, 在技术上可通过耦合高频海表流速和校正边界层物理参数观测高度等方式提升海气湍流热通量估算的精确度。本文提出可将多时空尺度海气湍流热通量变化维度转换到边界层稳定性上, 以便集中认识其日变化特征和机理, 支撑全球海气能量平衡的科学认识。 相似文献
18.
On the features of the SST annual cycle and surface heat budget in the South China Sea 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
The annual cycle in the ocean and atmosPhere system 15 the important signal of the climatic variabilities.Observed studies had indicated that the seasonal feature of the climatic system which 15 of an annual period 15 due to the seasonal variation of the solar radiation.Funher researches has shown that the formation and maintenance of the annual cycle of the thermal condition(situation)in the upper oceans are the results of both dynamical and thermal processes which both are involved in air-sea interaction.Since researches on the large-scale air-sea interaction were Propoed,sea surface temperature(SST)has always been the primary object to observe,study and predict by the scientists. 相似文献
19.
大西洋经向翻转环流(Atlantic meridional overturning circulation,AMOC)作为全球大洋的极向热量输送带,对大西洋附近区域的天气及全球气候变化都存在至关重要的影响。采用自然资源部第一海洋研究所研发的地球系统模式FIO-ESM v2.0(First Institute of Oceanography-earth system model version 2.0)分析了1850~2014年AMOC的空间分布特征及时间变化规律,并进一步讨论造成该变化的可能因素。研究结果表明:1850~2014年AMOC最大值出现在40°N、1 000 m深度附近,其时间序列总体呈现-0.079 1×106 m3/(s·a)的减弱趋势,该期间伴随着Labrador、Irminger海域冬季混合层深度的变浅。通过将模式计算的AMOC强度与RAPID (rapid climate change programme)和OSNAP (overturning in the subpolar North Atlantic program)观测资料进行对比,结合模式间并行比较结果显示该模式能较好地再现观测数据期间的AMOC变化规律。FIO-ESM v2.0模式模拟的AMOC具有55 a左右的年代际周期,Labrador、Irminger海域冬季混合层深度变化揭示的对流变化以及Labrador、GIN海域表层海水密度变化造成的海水下沉对AMOC强度的周期性振荡贡献较明显,其周期性变化与海表盐度(sea surface salinity,SSS)、海表温度(sea surface temperature,SST)、蒸发与降水的差值、北大西洋涛动(North Atlantic oscillation,NAO)等要素的变化密切相关。 相似文献
20.
The ocean drift current consists of a (local) pure drift current generated by the interaction of wind and waves at the sea surface, to which the surface geostrophic current is added vectorially. We present (a) a similarity solution for the wave boundary layer (which has been validated through the prediction of the 10-m drag law), from which the component of pure drift current along the direction of the wind (and hence the speed factor) can be evaluated from the 10-m wind speed and the peak wave period, and (b) a similarity solution for the Ekman layers of the two fluids, which shows that under steady-state neutral conditions the pure drift current lies along the direction of the geostrophic wind, and has a magnitude 0.034 that of the geostrophic wind speed. The co-existence of these two similarity solutions indicates that the frictional properties of the coupled air-sea system are easily evaluated functions of the 10-m wind speed and the peak wave period, and also leads to a simple expression for the angle of deflection of the pure drift current to the 10 m wind. The analysis provides a dynamical model for global ocean drift on monthly and annual time scales for which the steady-state neutral model is a good approximation. In particular, the theoretical results appear to be able to successfully predict the mean surface drift measured by HF Radar, which at present is the best technique for studying the near surface velocity profile. 相似文献