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1.
胶州湾沉积物的放射性核素含量分布与沉积速率   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  
用HPGeγ谱方法测定了胶州湾表层沉积物、沉积物岩心、潮间带沉积物和周围陆地沉积物的放射性核素238U、228Ra、228Th、226Ra、210Pb、40K和137Cs.笔者对胶州湾沉积物、潮间带沉积物和陆地表层沉积物的放射性核素分布进行研究,结果得出,湾东部沉积物和东岸陆地沉积物具有较高的放射性核素含量.对沉积物岩心放射性核素分布的成因进行了分析,并用210Pbex和137cs方法估算了沉积速率,给出的胶州湾的沉积速率为0.64～1.74 cm/a.  相似文献   

2.
福建兴化湾外近海沉积物岩心放射性核素分布   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  
用γ谱方法测定了采集自福建兴化湾外近海两个沉积物岩心中的放射性核素，探测到的核素为40K、137Cs、210Pb、226Ra、228Ra、228Th和238U，讨论了这些放射核素的垂直分布特征，用210Pb过剩方法估算了两个采样站位所在海域的沉积速率。发现两个站位的沉积速率存在明显差异，其原因是两个站位所在海区具有不同的海洋动力环境，从而使沉积物具有不同的物质构成。本文比较了两岩心中放射性的分布物征，探讨了其反映的沉积环境的特征，证明沉积物中放射性核素的分布与海区海洋环境存在的关系。  相似文献   

3.
为探讨放射性核素对沉积速率、沉积环境变化以及重大环境历史事件的指示作用,本文首次报道了用HPGeγ谱仪测定黄河口新生湿地柱状沉积物中6种放射性核素活度的结果,并根据137Cs的垂直分布估算了沉积速率,探讨了放射性核素与有机质的关系及其垂直变化与沉积过程变化的对应关系。结果表明,黄河口新生湿地柱状沉积物中6种放射性核素的平均比活度分别为40K(687.33±54.59)Bq/kg、137Cs(8.60±1.35)Bq/kg、226Ra(29.96±4.23)Bq/kg、228Ra(69.96±6.63)Bq/kg、228Th(45.35±4.58)Bq/kg和238U(60.52±15.37)Bq/kg,与其他区域相比,黄河口新生湿地137Cs、238U含量偏高。除137Cs外,其他5种核素均与TOC呈显著正相关,表明有机质有利于核素在沉积物中的保留。137Cs的垂直分布与黄河口净造陆速率的年际变化具有一致性,据此估算获得近20年该区域平均沉积速率为2.8cm/a,其中河口湿地形成初期沉积速率较高,而后逐渐减小并保持相对稳定。放射性核素比活度的垂直变化可反映沉积过程中黄河断流、黄河调沙以及大的洪水等重大环境事件,可以作为指示沉积变化特征的重要指标。  相似文献   

4.
选取崇明岛北侧由东至西4个潮滩沉积柱,分析137Cs、226Ra和210Pb放射性比活度,应用210Pb和137Cs放射性同位素定年方法计算崇明岛潮滩沉积物沉积速率。对于东西两端,210Pb方法测得速率分别为3.08cm/a和2.34 cm/a,而137Cs测得速率分别为6.19 cm/a和2.06 cm/a。结果表明,137Cs定年方法计算出的潮滩沉积速率普遍大于210Pb方法结果;但两者反映了相同的速率规律。崇明岛主力生长方向为东和东北,西侧沉积作用相对较弱,表现出"东快西慢"的特点。沉积纵向上,1954年以来,自下而上沉积速率逐渐减缓。  相似文献   

5.
厦门火烧屿裸露岩石的铀放射系不平衡   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  
用HPGeγ谱方法测定了厦门火烧屿裸露岩石天然放射性核素^40K、^228Ra、^228Th、^238U、^226Ra和^210Pb含量，对其铀系不平衡关系进行了讨论，发现钍系核素^228Ra和^228Th基本上是平衡的，而大部分样品^226Ra相对于^228U、^210Pb相对于^226Ra亏损。由此推论，水体作用下岸边岩石中^226Ra直接进入水体，可以是海水中^226Ra的一个来源；岸边岩石中^222Rn逸出后，衰变^210Pb再进入水体，可以是海水中^210Pb的一个来源。  相似文献   

6.
通过在海阳核电站周围地区环境辐射本底的航空测量调查,查明了海阳核电站周围地区环境辐射本底水平,天然放射性核素40 K、238 U(226 Ra)、232 Th活度浓度的分布;环境辐射水平显现"中部及西北与东北局部地区偏高、西南与北部地区中低水平"的特点。137 Cs和60 Co面活度均低于探测限,未发现有可分辨的其它人工放射性核素分布,亦未发现失控的放射源,发现了2个航测辐射偏高点(区),均为地质环境中天然放射性核素偏高引起。  相似文献   

7.
现代沉积的210Pb计年   总被引：74，自引：10，他引：74       下载免费PDF全文
万国江 《第四纪研究》1997,17(3):230-239
210Pb具有百年时间尺度沉积计年的重要价值。210Pbex计年假设：沉积物是封闭系统；进入水体的210Pb能有效地转移到沉积物中并不发生沉积后迁移；非过剩210Pb与其母体226Ra保持平衡。210Pbex计年可用稳定输入通量-稳定沉积物堆积速率模式、常量初始浓度模式或恒定补给速率模式。沉积物柱芯必须保持原态并以0．5～1cm间隔分截；用相应层节226Ra校正。沉积物表层混合作用及222Rn的丢失可能导致顶部210Pbex异常。季节性缺氧湖泊沉积物顶部可能存在210Pb及210Po的再迁移。210Pb与137Cs两种计年方法原理上具有根本差别。210Pb，137Cs与沉积纹理方法对比是准确计年的重要保证。  相似文献   

8.
研究了TIMS测定铀矿石样品中234U/238U、230Th/232Th、228Ra/226Ra的方法。建立了铀矿石密闭混酸一次溶样的方法和采用阴离子、阳离子和Sr特效树脂逐级离子交换分离纯化U、Th和Ra的流程,满足了TIMS测量要求。测定结果表明：100～1000 ng的天然铀中234U/238U,其测量精密度从静态多接收的2.34%提高到动态多接收的0.47%;对230Th与232Th丰度接近、质量为1μg左右的钍,采用三带点样技术和法拉第多接收技术测定230Th/232Th,其内精度平均值为0.0048%,外精度为0.028%;采用单带加钽发射剂,ETP跳峰测定50～100 fg镭-228稀释剂中的228Ra/226Ra,其内精度小于0.10%,外精度小于0.20%。比较TIMS和HR-ICP-MS、α能谱法测定234U/238U、230Th/232Th、228Ra/226Ra结果,三者结果相吻合。TIMS测量法样品用量少、快速、准确、精密度高,是U、Th、Ra同位素比值测定方法的又一补充。  相似文献   

9.
采用氢氟酸-硝酸-盐酸混合酸密闭消解含铀矿石样品,用阴离子交换树脂、阳离子交换树脂和锶特效树脂逐级分离富集铀、钍和镭。使用高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱(HR-ICPMS)测定分离纯化液中234U/238U2、30Th/232Th和228Ra/226Ra同位素。比值的测量精密度取决于比值的大小和对应核素浓度的大小。对质量浓度为10 ng/mL天然铀测量液,234U/238U的测量精密度优于1.2%;对230Th质量浓度为0.6ng/mL且230Th和232Th质量浓度接近的测量液,230Th/232Th的测量精密度为1.2%;对228Ra质量浓度为0.48 pg/mL且228Ra和226Ra质量浓度接近的测量液,228Ra/226Ra的测量精密度为4.0%。  相似文献   

10.
采用同位素稀释ICP-MS测定法,对中国东海陆架及日本冲绳海槽的6个沉积物芯中U和Th的同位素地球化学行为进行了研究,以了解氧化还原敏感元素U在近海次氧化性沉积物中的蓄积行为,并评价其在全球海洋铀平衡中的意义。东海沉积物芯中,238U浓度及238U/232Th比值随深度变化不明显。但是在冲绳海槽沉积物芯中,238U浓度及238U/232Th比值在沉积芯表层氧化带显示较低值,然后在次氧化层随深度增加而增加。230Th和232Th浓度在所有沉积物芯中基本不随深度变化。这些结果说明,冲绳沉积物中有“自生铀”的蓄积过程发生,蓄积速率约为(47±5)～(90±8)ng/(cm2·a),与文献报道的世界其他海域次氧化性沉积区大致相当。进一步证明了U在近海次氧化性沉积区的蓄积对于全球海洋铀平衡有重要意义。“自生铀”的主要蓄积机制是海水U(Ⅵ)向沉积物迁移,在还原条件下被还原为惰性的U(Ⅳ)并被吸附在沉积物固体相上。  相似文献   

11.
This study of environmental radioactivity was carried out in the soils of an urban area. Naturally occurring gamma-emitting radionuclides and man-made 137Cs were found in the soil profiles collected from four parks in the central Belgrade city area and the soil layer was examined every 10 cm and to a depth of 50 cm. Radioisotope activity concentrations (Bq kg?1) in the samples of urban soil using the gamma-ray spectrometry method were in the range of 14–46 for 238U, 33–50 for 226Ra, 29–63 for 210Pb, 1.2–3.4 for 235U, 28–50 for 232Th, 424–576 for 40K and 0.7–35.8 for 137Cs. Some of the basic physicochemical soil properties (pH, organic matter content, calcium-carbonate content, particle size distribution) were determined to investigate the impact on the vertical distribution of radionuclides. The results of this investigation showed that variations of activity concentration ratios of radionuclides that belong to the same (238U/226Ra) or different radioactive series (232Th/226Ra; 235U/238U), including 210Pb/137Cs ratios could well be explained by the properties of the soil. Alkaline pH reaction, the accumulation of organic matter in the uppermost and of carbonates in the deepest layers of urban soil had an effect on 238U/226Ra, and 210Pb/137Cs activity concentration ratio values, while 232Th/226Ra and partially 235U/238U ratios were associated with the particle sizes vertical distribution. A study of radionuclides in the samples of leaves of two deciduous tree species common for these parks was also conducted and 210Pb and 40K were found concentrated in leaves rather than other investigated radionuclides.  相似文献   

12.
Characterizing the dynamics of fluvial sediment sources over space and time is often critical in identifying human impacts on fluvial systems. Upland interfluve and subsoil sources of suspended sediment at Loco Bayou, Texas, were distinguished using 226Ra/232Th, 226Ra/230Th and, 228Ra/232Th. Source contributions were apportioned at three stations during within-bank and flood flows. 137Cs and 210Pbxs (excess 210Pb) were used to determine floodplain sedimentation; suspended sediment 210Pbxs/137Cs data mirrored results of Ra/Th, showing dominance of subsoil sources during within-bank flows, changing to interfluve sources during flood. This trend corresponds spatially to influx of sediment from ephemeral tributaries, reflecting mobilization of stored interfluvial sediments during flood stage. Upper basin sedimentation was similar but markedly less at the lowermost station. These results indicate (1) modified ephemeral tributaries store sediment derived from sheet wash, discharging them during flood, and (2) southernmost Loco Bayou is episodically re-worked, resulting in significantly reduced local rates of sedimentation.  相似文献   

13.
The activities of the most common, naturally occurring radionuclides 238U, 226Ra, 210Pb, 228Ra, 228Th, and 40K were measured by gamma-ray spectrometry in samples from reservoir rocks, geothermal fluids, and mineral precipitates at the geothermal research site Groß Schönebeck (North German Basin). Results demonstrated that the specific activity of the reservoir rock is within the range of the mean concentration in the upper earth crust of <800 Bq/kg for 40K and <60 Bq/kg for radionuclides of the 238U and 232Th series, respectively. The geothermal fluid showed elevated activity concentrations (up to 100 Bq/l) for 226Ra, 210Pb, and 228Ra, as compared to concentrations found in natural groundwater. Their concentration in filter residues even increased up to 100 Bq/g. These residues contain predominantly two different mineral phases: a Sr-rich barite (Sr, BaSO4) and laurionite (PbOHCl), which both precipitate upon cooling from the geothermal fluid. Thereby they presumably enrich the radionuclides of Ra (by substitution of Ba) and Pb. Analysis of these precipitates further showed an increased 226Ra/228Ra ratio from around 1–1.7 during the initial months of fluid production indicating a change in fluid composition over time which can be explained by different contributions of stimulated reservoir rock areas to the overall produced fluid.  相似文献   

14.
现代侵蚀作用核素示踪研究新进展   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10  
利用放射性核素示踪环境地球化学过程是国际地球科学的前缘课题。介绍了利用宇宙线成因的短寿命散落核素7Be示踪土壤季节性侵蚀及其与湖泊沉积耦合关系的最新研究进展;证实了利用核爆炸散落核素137Cs示踪累计性土壤侵蚀和沉积计年的可靠性;阐述了226Ra和228Ra在土壤中比活度的形态变化分异具有很好的侵蚀－堆积示踪价值;揭示了在不同生物化学条件下,210Pb的行为特征和影响因素,并将210Pbex示踪碳酸盐岩区域土壤侵蚀速率结果与湖泊沉积速率相耦合,证明了利用210Pb示踪土壤侵蚀的可行性。  相似文献   

15.
The paper presents an analysis of characteristic karst tufa from Guangxi, China, which has not been studied before. A comparison with tufa from Dinaric Karst of Croatia is discussed in view of the C-type climate. The major mineral is calcite. Minor minerals are quartz and dolomite, depending on location. The content of calcium carbonate varies from 65% to 92%, and that of magnesium carbonate from 0.03% to 1.77%. Among other elements, the most abundant are Fe, from 0.02% to 1.50%, and Ti, from 0.15% to 0.27%. Many other trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Hg and Pb) are also present. Specific activity of radionuclides 40K, 232Th, 137Cs, 226Ra and 238U varies from sample to sample. Concentration of U in tufa is close to that reported for sedimentary carbonate. Low concentration of 137Cs indicates that this part of the world was not exposed to nuclear explosions. The concentration of 226Ra is the highest in Mashan County. The ratio 238U/226Ra (0.21-0.71) in tufa from Mashan Co  相似文献   

16.
Phonolite pumice found floating offshore of Tristan da Cunha following intense seismic activity southeast of the island July 29-30, 2004 was analyzed for 238U- and 232Th-series nuclides to determine initial 230Th, 226Ra, 210Pb, 210Po, 228Ra, and 228Th activities. The initial (210Po/210Pb) value of 0.15 for the phonolite shows that, like most subaerial lavas, this subaqueous tephra degassed most of its 210Po upon eruption. The (230Th/232Th) and (238U/232Th) values for the phonolite are similar to those of the trachyandesites erupted in 1961 from Tristan da Cunha. However, the relative activities of 210Pb, 226Ra, and 230Th in the phonolite contrast with those of the trachyandesites, in that 210Pb and 230Th are both strongly enriched with respect to 226Ra. In addition, the phonolite had a small deficit in 228Ra with respect to 232Th. The Ra deficits likely resulted from partitioning into feldspars and hornblende in a time frame that extended over several decades to a century. These disequilibria can be explained by crystal fractionation at a decreasing rate through time at an average of 3-5 × 10−3 year−1. The calculated crystallization rate is about an order of magnitude faster than has been calculated for most other phonolites and trachytes, and about half that calculated for crystallization of the Makaopuhi lava lake. These data imply that the 2004 magma was not the differentiated cap of a much larger body that remained at depth. Instead, it was likely the residue of a relatively small body of more mafic magma that was injected into the crust southeast Tristan and underwent extensive and rapid crystal fractionation before it erupted.  相似文献   

17.
This paper describes the use of 210Pb and 137Cs radioactivity measurements to determine the rates of sedimentation in the Great Lakes. Cores from eight locations in Lake Michigan were chosen for examination to cover as wide as possible a range of sedimentation rates and representative sedimentary environments. The surficial 210Pb activity in the sediments varies between 7 and 23 pCi/g dry wt and its profile in each core shows the expected exponential decrease with depth consistent with the assumption of uniform sedimentation rate over the last hundred years and secular equilibrium between supported 210Pb and 226Ra (0.5-1.0 pCi/g dry wt). Companion measurements of 137Cs indicate that the coring technique satisfactorily recovered the uppermost levels of the deposit and that the mobility of both radionuclides within the sediment is probably small.Based on the limited number of cores analyzed to date, it appears that modern sedimentation rates are not very different from average rates for the last 7000 yr. The excess 210Pb appears to originate primarily from atmospheric fallout, but a further inventory of the 210Pb distribution over the lake bottom must be made to properly assess the significance of other sources. The spatial distributions of both 137Cs and 210Pb at certain stations suggest that the mode of transport of these radionuclides are comparable and involve attachment to settling particles. A mathematical model is developed which accounts for the observed limited mobility of both 210Pb and 137Cs in several of the cores in terms of post-depositional redistribution by physical or biological mixing processes.  相似文献   

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