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1.
为了探讨近百年来,人类活动背景下近海沉积物中放射性核素的沉积记录及其对物质输入与埋藏等沉积环境变化的响应,利用γ能谱法对渤海表层和柱状沉积物中的放射性核素238U、226Ra、232Th、210Pb、40K和137Cs进行分析.结果显示,渤海沉积物中放射性核素水平和垂直分布特征明显,铀衰变系核素238U、226Ra和210Pb不平衡,232Th和210Pb受沉积物粒度和有机碳影响显著,238U与226Ra、232Th、40K存在显著相关性.226Ra/238U、232Th/238U和40K/238U比值时空差异显著,渤海沉积物陆源输入影响由西南向东北方向延伸,受河流影响,渤海北部和南部的沉积物输入不稳定,近几十年波动显著.利用210Pbex和137Cs法的测年结果计算获得的渤海近百年来沉积速率在中国近海沉积速率研究背景值范围内;空间上,渤海北部、中部和南部沉积速率处于同一水平,其中北部偏高;时间上,近百年来渤海沉积速率随时间波动,整体上呈现增加趋势,尤其是1980年之后,人类活动影响下渤海沉积速率增加幅度显著,与沉积物输入的波动变化相对应.   相似文献   

2.
胶州湾沉积物的放射性核素含量分布与沉积速率   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
用HPGeγ谱方法测定了胶州湾表层沉积物、沉积物岩心、潮间带沉积物和周围陆地沉积物的放射性核素238U、228Ra、228Th、226Ra、210Pb、40K和137Cs.笔者对胶州湾沉积物、潮间带沉积物和陆地表层沉积物的放射性核素分布进行研究,结果得出,湾东部沉积物和东岸陆地沉积物具有较高的放射性核素含量.对沉积物岩心放射性核素分布的成因进行了分析,并用210Pbex和137cs方法估算了沉积速率,给出的胶州湾的沉积速率为0.64~1.74 cm/a.  相似文献   

3.
福建兴化湾外近海沉积物岩心放射性核素分布   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
用γ谱方法测定了采集自福建兴化湾外近海两个沉积物岩心中的放射性核素,探测到的核素为40K、137Cs、210Pb、226Ra、228Ra、228Th和238U,讨论了这些放射核素的垂直分布特征,用210Pb过剩方法估算了两个采样站位所在海域的沉积速率。发现两个站位的沉积速率存在明显差异,其原因是两个站位所在海区具有不同的海洋动力环境,从而使沉积物具有不同的物质构成。本文比较了两岩心中放射性的分布物征,探讨了其反映的沉积环境的特征,证明沉积物中放射性核素的分布与海区海洋环境存在的关系。  相似文献   

4.
长江河口水下三角洲137Cs地球化学分布特征   总被引:10,自引:8,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
文章通过对长江口水下三角洲采集的10个柱状样放射性核素137Cs的分析可以得知,长江口水下三角洲137Cs剖面中均存在清晰的最大蓄积峰,其峰值比活度介于5.68±1.03~21.74±1.39Bq/kg之间,平均值为14.11±1.10Bq/kg,最大蓄积峰所处的深度为55~117cm。剖面中137Cs最大蓄积峰应该与1963年的137Cs散落沉降相对应。长江口水下三角洲的表层沉积物中的137Cs比活度范围介于0~9.19±1.12Bq/kg之间,并且与长江流域其他地区的表层137Cs比活度相一致。长江口水下三角洲可探测到的137Cs比活度的最大深度范围在88~160cm的范围内变化,137Cs蓄积总量为2361.30±174.38~17714.94±262.14Bq/m2,平均值为9664.97±100.05Bq/m2,137Cs比活度的最大深度及137Cs蓄积总量均表现出从岸向海逐渐增加的趋势。实测的137Cs总量均大于长江流域的137Cs背景值,说明了长江口水下三角洲的137Cs蓄积既有大气散落直接沉降的来源,又有流域侵蚀带来的137Cs输入,并且主要以后者为主。通过放射性核素示踪模型分析长江口水下三角洲137Cs散落蓄积特征可以得知,长江口水下三角洲137Cs的蓄积以长江流域来源为主,说明了放射性核素137Cs在长江口水下三角洲沉积物中的蓄积主要受流域侵蚀因素的影响。  相似文献   

5.
福建牛头山火山口岩石中的放射性核素   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
周鹏  徐茂泉  刘广山 《地球学报》2005,26(Z1):224-227
用 HPGe-γ谱方法测定了在福建省牛头山火山口采集的岩石中的放射性核素 238U、210Pb、228Th、228Ra和 40K,样品有玄武岩和花岗岩,结果给出6种核素的比活度为1.6~94.7、LD为30.5 Bq/kg、LD为26.6 Bq/kg、3.3~106 Bq/kg、4.9~113 Bq/kg 和28~1267 Bq/kg,平均为13.5 Bq/kg、5.5 Bq/kg、8.9 Bq/kg、13.0 Bq/kg、16.1 Bq/kg和293 Bq/kg。按放射性核素含量水平可以将玄武岩样品分为两个组。第1组样品中6种核素的含量平均为21.0 Bq/kg、14.8 Bq/kg、14.7 Bq/kg、26.0 Bq/kg、29.8 Bq/kg 和 749 Bq/kg;第2组样品中6个核素含量平均为7.0 Bq/kg、2.0 Bq/kg、6.0 Bq/kg、4.9 Bq/kg、7.7 Bq/kg和142 Bq/kg;花岗岩中6种核素的含量平均为57.7 Bq/kg、19.0 Bq/kg、21.7 Bq/kg、67.4 Bq/kg 和 894 Bq/kg。含量水平为:花岗岩大于第1组玄武岩第一组玄武岩大于第2组玄武岩。  相似文献   

6.
选取崇明岛北侧由东至西4个潮滩沉积柱,分析137Cs、226Ra和210Pb放射性比活度,应用210Pb和137Cs放射性同位素定年方法计算崇明岛潮滩沉积物沉积速率。对于东西两端,210Pb方法测得速率分别为3.08cm/a和2.34 cm/a,而137Cs测得速率分别为6.19 cm/a和2.06 cm/a。结果表明,137Cs定年方法计算出的潮滩沉积速率普遍大于210Pb方法结果;但两者反映了相同的速率规律。崇明岛主力生长方向为东和东北,西侧沉积作用相对较弱,表现出"东快西慢"的特点。沉积纵向上,1954年以来,自下而上沉积速率逐渐减缓。  相似文献   

7.
DISCUSSION ON APPLYING 137Cs AND 210Pbex FOR LAKE SEDIMENT DATING IN CHINA   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
137Cs和210Pbex是湖泊沉积物断代常用的两种核素,沉积物中核素的深度分布,不但随核素的大气沉降量变化,也与流域环境变化和沉积后核素的再分布有关.我国环境复杂,人类活动强烈,137Cs和210Pbex深度分布的非理想曲线常见于我国一些湖泊的沉积物.本文简要介绍了湖泊沉积物137Cs和210Pbex深度分布理想曲线和断代基本原理,在参阅大量有关中国湖泊沉积物137Cs和210Pbex断代文献的基础上,讨论了137Cs和210Pbex非理想深度分布曲线的解泽和沉积物断代的几个常见问题.主要观点如下:1)我国湖泊沉积物不存在所谓的1974年和1986年蓄积峰;2)一些湖泊沉积出现的非单峰型137Cs深度分布曲线,可能与人类活动或湖流扰动湖泊底泥、流域侵蚀产沙环境变化和137Cs主要来源于冰川融水补给等因素有关;3)沉积物中的核素垂向运移,不改变剖面中1963年137Cs蓄积峰的位置,不影响其断代标志意义;4)流域环境突发事件引起的沉积剖面中的137Cs和210Pbex明显异常,是断代的可靠标志等.最后介绍了根据沉积剖面137Cs和210Pbex总量与本底值对比,求算沉积速率的核素质量平衡法.  相似文献   

8.
东平湖沉积物 210Pb、137Cs 垂直分布及年代学意义   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
对东平湖沉积物柱状岩芯放射性年代学研究表明: 12cm处的 137Cs比活度峰值对应于1963年人工核试验高峰,9cm和6cm处的 137Cs比活度蓄积峰可能分别与1974年的全球核素散落和1986年前苏联切尔诺贝利核电站核泄漏有关; 210Pb比活度随深度呈指数衰减,利用 137Cs核素1963年对应的蓄积峰进行校正,采用 210Pb计年的CRS模式建立了1889年以来东平湖现代沉积年代序列。根据 210Pb年代序列,计算了东平湖现代沉积速率,发现近百年来东平湖地区沉积速率有明显变化: 1889~1945年,沉积速率较高,平均达0.297g/cm2•a; 1945~1963年,沉积速率整体处于下降趋势; 1963~2000年,沉积速率比较稳定,平均约0.141g/cm2•a; 约2000年以来,沉积速率有增高趋势。通过分析认为,1945年以前东平湖较高的沉积速率可能与东平湖作为黄河水的自然滞洪区有关; 1950年代国家对东平湖的治理改造,控制了黄河水的自然倒灌,导致了东平湖沉积速率的迅速下降; 1963年以后,由于黄河上中游大型水利工程设施的修建,抑制了东平湖调洪功能的发挥,导致东平湖沉积速率低而稳定; 近年来,东平湖沉积速率有增大趋势,这可能与湖区人民发展围网养殖带入较多的沉积物有关。  相似文献   

9.
对兴凯湖我国水域沉积物137Cs比活度及通量空间分布进行了研究,利用137Cs测年法建立年代框架,估算了兴凯湖的沉积速率,结合粒度C-M图分析了湖泊现代沉积环境。兴凯湖我国水域西岸白棱河河口区域137Cs剖面形态区别于典型的137Cs全球大气沉降模式,且137Cs沉积通量高、平均137Cs活度高,中部和东部区域137Cs沉积通量低、平均137Cs活度低;137Cs沉积通量的空间分布主要受流域输入、水动力条件以及沉积物粒径的影响。兴凯湖沉积环境多表现为静水沉积,受特殊的风浪条件和泄洪闸等人类活动的影响,1963—2019年平均沉积速率空间分布上呈现西部高,中、东部低的特点,XKH-1、XKH-2和XKH-3柱样1963—2019年的平均沉积速率分别为0.143 cm/a、0.080 cm/a和0.036 cm/a。  相似文献   

10.
散落核素7Be和137Cs在洱海和红枫湖沉积物中蓄积对比   总被引:9,自引:6,他引:9  
沉积物柱芯分别采自滇西地区的洱海和黔中地区的红枫(及百花)湖,散落核素7Be和137Cs在沉积物中的蓄积特征对比分析表明,7Be在洱海及红枫湖沉积物中的累计值分别为(237±73)Bq/m2和(783±44)Bq/m2;按校正到沉降年代的数值,1986年以前137Cs的累计值分别为(519±26)Bq/m2及(3704±56)Bq/m2.由模式计算获知,(1)7Be和137Cs在红枫湖沉积物中的蓄积以侵蚀影响为主;在洱海的蓄积受直接散落控制.(2)在洱海和红枫湖地区7Be大气散落累计值分别为(0.07±0.02)Bq/cm2及(0.08±0.01)Bq/cm2;1986年以前137Cs大气散落累计值分别为(0.11±0.01)Bq/cm2及(0.37±0.01)Bq/cm2,显示出滇西与黔中地区之间137Cs散落的地区差异.这一现象可能反映出青藏高原对滇西地区存在着全球性大气扩散污染物散落的屏蔽效应.  相似文献   

11.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

12.
The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy (SSS) proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy (ICS). The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob's Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.  相似文献   

13.
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.  相似文献   

14.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.  相似文献   

15.
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.  相似文献   

16.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。  相似文献   

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The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.  相似文献   

20.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13  
据1:5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料,就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因,其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应,以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上,讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。  相似文献   

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