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National nature reserves in China protect ecosystem and well-being in its region while benefiting humans by providing ecosystem services. Land-use/cover changes result in changes in the landscape pattern and affect the provision of ecosystem service value (ESV). The monetary evaluation of spatial–temporal changes in landscape patterns and ecosystem services in the arid region of China has been inadequately studied. Therefore, the Ebinur Lake Wetland National Nature Reserve (ELWNNR) in the arid region of China was chosen as a study object to evaluate the spatial–temporal variation in ecosystem service values (ESVs) under changes in land use/cover. The research analysed land-use/cover change in ELWNNR using a Sankey diagram, the spatial–temporal variation in ELWNNR ESVs using ArcGIS. Meanwhile, it also analysed the landscape patterns and total ESVs of the core area, buffer area and experimental area of ELWNNR at a regional scale. Four Landsat data sets from 1972, 1998, 2007 and 2016 were chosen to estimate the changes in land-use/cover types and ESV in ELWNNR. Meanwhile, the sensitivity of ESV was also analysed to validate the estimation of ESV in ELWNNR. The results showed that the total ESV of ELWNNR was 3.12?×?109 CNY (USD$ 4.88?×?108) in 1972 and dropped to 2.71?×?109 CNY (USD$ 4.24?×?108) in 2016. The provision of total ESV in ELWNNR decreased by approximately 0.41?×?109 CNY (USD$ 6.42?×?107) from 1972 to 2016, although there were fluctuations in 1998 and 2007. The core area possessed the highest ESV among all the areas, showing an increase in the provision of ESV in ELWNNR. All the areas of ELWNNR became highly fragmented, and the landscape patterns became more complex during this time period. The results of the study provide sufficient information about the ecosystem services in the region in the absence of complete data sets and contribute to conservation planning of national nature reserves. 相似文献
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基于RS、GIS、景观生态学等方法,以新疆典型干旱区轮台县为研究区,利用1997年、2007年、2017年三期遥感影像解译结果,定量分析轮台县20年间土地利用景观格局变化特征,并运用生态系统服务价值（ESV）估算原理,定量分析轮台县生态服务功能ESV的年际变化,探讨ESV在景观格局演变下的损益和响应,来反映生态输水对塔河沿岸生态的影响。结果表明：轮台县以未利用地大幅度减少,林地与草地的大量增加为主,同时耕地、水域、建设用地以及冰川的面积也有不同程度的增加,但相对于整个县域面积依然相对较小;各斑块类型景观格局指数和整体景观格局指数以及空间格局都发生了不同程度的变化,未利用地对景观整体的控制性减弱,土地利用均匀性和多样性增加,最大斑块指数变化显著,散布并列指数先略有下降后明显增加;轮台县20年间各项生态系统服务功能的ESV均呈显著增加的趋势,ESV总量不断增大;轮台县ESV的增益集中在林地的增加上,占总增益的65.9%,轮台县ESV的损益集中在建设用地和未利用地的转入上,说明林地的增加和未利用地的减少是轮台县ESV增加的主要原因。该研究体现典型水源灌溉对轮台县生态的影响,为干旱区生态系统改善和土地利用规划提供依据。 相似文献
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评估生态系统服务价值(Ecosystem Service Values,ESV)有利于衡量生态系统服务供给潜力和生态效益的大小,对城市生态规划与土地利用管控起到重要的支撑作用。选择长沙市为研究区域,基于1990、2000、2010和2018年4期土地利用现状遥感监测数据集,利用ArcGIS软件和经本地化校正的当量因子法,分析1990—2018年间的土地利用变化特征,并探讨土地利用变化对ESV的影响。结果表明: ①1990—2018年长沙市土地利用变化轨迹以耕地→林地互相转化以及建设用地对耕地、林地的侵占为主; ②1990—2018年长沙市的ESV共减少53.17×108 元,降幅3.59%,除水域外各类ESV均呈下降趋势,林地和耕地服务价值减少最明显; ③在各单项服务功能中,水文调节的价值最大,其次是气候调节,两者之和占总价值的54%; ④“退耕还林”“退田还湖”“兴工强市”等政策引起的土地利用变化势必对ESV造成影响,城市快速扩张、土地开发会导致ESV不断下降。综合分析认为,在调整研究区土地利用结构、优化土地配置时应充分重视水域、林地等生态系统服务价值较高的土地利用类型,减缓ESV的下降趋势。 相似文献
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1980-2010年石羊河流域生态服务类型变化与分析 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
根据石羊河流域1980年、1990年和2010年三期遥感影像数据,基于GIS技术方法,分析了石羊河流域各县市的土地利用方式变化情况。评估了流域主要生态系统生态服务价值量,分析了30 a来流域生态系统服务价值在时间和空间上的变化。结果表明：过去30 a来,石羊河流域的土地利用变化主要以耕地、草地、未利用土地的变化为主。石羊河流域生态系统服务的总价值呈减少趋势,生态服务价值在空间分布上表现为下游呈增加趋势、中上游表现为减少趋势。流域下游生态服务价值增加的主要原因是流域生态保护与恢复措施取得了显著成效。 相似文献
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祁连山地区生态系统服务间权衡的社会-生态环境响应机制研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生态系统服务间权衡和协同关系存在显著的空间异质性,现有研究较少从社会-生态环境的角度进行分析,难以对将生态系统服务纳入实际政策制定过程中。以祁连山地区为研究区,利用InVEST模型和CASA模型对2019年五项调节服务（碳固定、碳储存、产水量、土壤保持和水质净化）和一项支持服务（生境质量）进行计算,结合多元回归树分析法,研究服务间关联的空间异质性及其对社会-生态环境的响应。结果显示,全区尺度上六项服务间呈协同关系,主要受到土地利用类型、降雨和植被覆盖度的影响。植被覆盖区的服务供给量整体高于无植被覆盖区。研究区可被分为5个聚类,不同聚类内服务间关联存在差异。无植被覆盖且年均降雨量低于440.2 mm的区域与植被覆盖度高于0.559的非耕地区内,服务间关联均呈显著协同,后者服务整体较高。降雨升高可促使无植被覆盖区内产水量和土壤保持与其他服务间呈权衡关系,植被覆盖度较低或耕地区内服务间关联变弱。研究成果可为生态管理和政策制定提供有效参考。 相似文献
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人类活动影响下的青海湖流域生态系统服务空间格局 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
人类活动改变生态格局和变化,进而影响生态系统服务。因此,探讨人类活动影响下的生态系统服务空间格局,对于区域生态安全、可持续发展和人类福祉等至关重要。以青海湖流域为研究区,基于InVEST模型计算了流域2018年产水量、水质净化、生境质量、土壤保持和碳储量五种生态系统服务,并分析了不同生态系统服务的空间自相关性、相互关系以及人类活动影响下的空间格局。结果表明：流域生境质量整体较好,土壤流失整体较小。碳储量受植被覆盖的影响存在明显空间差异。农业生态系统和城镇生态系统氮、磷负荷较高。产水量环湖区和山区差异明显;产水量、碳储量和生境质量的Moran's I分别为0.786、0.742和0.705,空间聚集性最强,氮负荷最弱;协同关系主要表现在氮负荷与磷负荷、碳储量与生境质量、产水量与土壤流失之间。权衡关系主要是生境质量与产水量和氮负荷,碳储量与产水量和土壤流失之间;碳储量、生境质量和土壤流失随人类活动的增强呈现递减趋势。氮、磷负荷随人类活动的增强呈现递增趋势。人类活动通过改变不透水表面进而影响产水量。通过高分辨率遥感影像精细化定量描述人类活动以及详细探讨人类活动影响下各生态系统服务空间格局、聚集程度,可为流域科学评价生态系统服务、生态环境保护及可持续发展提供依据。 相似文献
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基于遥感影像的决策树分类,结合土地利用图,将北京市农业地表覆盖划分为春玉米、冬小麦、果园、林木苗圃、牧草地、设施农业和畜禽饲养地。考虑海拔、坡度和土壤质地三个因子将北京市分成10个景观区,在景观分区和不同农业用地基础上划分出39类农业景观单元。利用基于遥感影像计算的归一化差异植被指数,结合实地调查验证,分类出北京市冬春季裸露农田。结合景观分类,分析了不同景观单元冬春季地表裸露情况。结果表明：2007—2008年冬春季裸露农田共8.05×104 hm2,主要分布在延庆盆地、密云水库北岸和城区边缘的近郊农业区;海拔和土地利用方式对裸露情况影响较大,其中山区春玉米和平原果园裸露情况绝对面积较大,分别占到总裸露农田面积的40%和17%,牧草地、林木苗圃与设施农业地裸露程度较高。基于不同景观单元裸露程度,结合绿肥种植、保护性耕作、生草覆盖等裸露农田治理方法,探讨了北京市农业产业和景观一体化建设策略。 相似文献
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农业生态系统是一种人工-自然复合生态系统,人类行为和管理决策干扰生态系统服务的供给和需求,生态系统服务之间的关系也随之发生变化.以西安市农业生态系统为研究对象,测算了农产品供给、固碳、水源涵养、净化环境及文化娱乐5项生态系统服务价值,分析农业生态系统服务总价值的空间差异,并根据景观特点和农业生态系统服务价值将研究区划分为3个区,探索不同分区生态系统服务功能之间的相互关系,并提出了西安市的生态系统管理对策.结果表明：研究区提供的农业生态系统服务总价值为590×108元.从生态系统服务大分类来看,调节服务 > 供给服务 > 文化服务.各区县农业生态系统服务功能价值差别较大.1999-2013年,西安市供给服务上升,调节服务和支持服务下降.西安市农业生态系统服务功能价值大致呈现由市中心向边缘区逐渐加强的趋势.在不同的农业区域生态系统中,生态系统服务内部各功能之间的相关性差异较大.在耕区、园区、林区生态系统中,农产品提供与固碳、水源涵养、净化环境、文化休闲服务之间的相关性差异大,而调节服务与文化服务以及调节服务各功能之间的相关关系均呈现显著正相关.为了维护城市生态系统的稳定,应该调整城市绿地景观格局,构建“绿色斑块、绿色廊道、湿地、农田”镶嵌共存的绿地生态系统;在发展农区、园区生态产业过程中,应当调整农业产业结构,选择经济效益与生态效益兼顾的作物品种和植被类型. 相似文献
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Modeling hydrological ecosystem services and tradeoffs: a case study in Baiyangdian watershed, China 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Yang Bai Hua Zheng Zhiyun Ouyang Changwei Zhuang Bo Jiang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(2):709-718
Policy makers and scientists consider that land use strategies are designed to provide direct benefits to people by protecting vital ecosystem services. However, due to lack of information and evaluation methods, there is no effective and systematic tool for assessing tradeoffs between direct human benefits and ecosystem services. Land use changes influence ecosystem properties, processes and components, which are the basis for providing services. Five alternative land use scenarios (no conversion of agricultural lands, no urban expansion, agricultural expansion, forestry expansion, and riparian reforestation) were modeled for the Baiyangdian watershed, China, a densely populated, highly modified watershed with serious water shortage and pollution problems. The model InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) is designed to inform decisions about natural resource management, with an aim to align economic forces with conservation. Three ecosystem services (agricultural production, hydropower production, and water quality) were modeled to balance direct benefits and hydrological ecosystem services using InVEST. The results showed that: hydropower production was the greatest in the forestry expansion, but the lowest in agricultural expansion; agricultural production was reduced the most in forestry expansion, while retained the most in riparian reforestation. Riparian reforestation also provided the highest N and P retention and lowest N and P exportation. Riparian reforestation was the optimal land use strategy, since it protected and enhanced the vital ecosystem services without undermining direct human benefits. This research presents an initial analytical framework for integrating direct human benefits and ecosystem services in policy planning and illustrates its application. Although there are important potential tradeoffs between ecosystem services, this systematic planning framework offers a means for identifying valuable synergies between conservation and development. 相似文献
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Dang Xiaohu Zhang Miao Xia Zidun Fan Liangxin Liu Guobin Zhao Gaochang Tao Rui Wei Xuexiao 《GeoJournal》2021,86(4):1639-1655
GeoJournal - As the largest conservation program and payments for ecosystem services in China, the grain-for-green program (GGP) has substantially changed land use and cover, and reduced soil... 相似文献
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Appraisal of land use/land cover of mangrove forest ecosystem using support vector machine 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Sudhir Kumar Singh Prashant K. Srivastava Manika Gupta Jay Krishna Thakur Saumitra Mukherjee 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(5):2245-2255
Human activities in many parts of the world have greatly changed the natural land cover. This study has been conducted on Pichavaram forest, south east coast of India, famous for its unique mangrove bio-diversity. The main objectives of this study were focused on monitoring land cover changes particularly for the mangrove forest in the Pichavaram area using multi-temporal Landsat images captured in the 1991, 2000, and 2009. The land use/land cover (LULC) estimation was done by a unique hybrid classification approach consisting of unsupervised and support vector machine (SVM)-based supervised classification. Once the vegetation and non-vegetation classes were separated, training site-based classification technology i.e., SVM-based supervised classification technique was used. The agricultural area, forest/plantation, degraded mangrove and mangrove forest layers were separated from the vegetation layer. Mud flat, sand/beach, swamp, sea water/sea, aquaculture pond, and fallow land were separated from non-vegetation layer. Water logged areas were delineated from the area initially considered under swamp and sea water-drowned areas. In this study, the object-based post-classification comparison method was employed for detecting changes. In order to evaluate the performance, an accuracy assessment was carried out using the randomly stratified sampling method, assuring distribution in a rational pattern so that a specific number of observations were assigned to each category on the classified image. The Kappa accuracy of SVM classified image was highest (94.53 %) for the 2000 image and about 94.14 and 89.45 % for the 2009 and 1991 images, respectively. The results indicated that the increased anthropogenic activities in Pichavaram have caused an irreversible loss of forest vegetation. These findings can be used both as a strategic planning tool to address the broad-scale mangrove ecosystem conservation projects and also as a tactical guide to help managers in designing effective restoration measures. 相似文献
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Ecological effects analysis of land use change in coal mining area based on ecosystem service valuing: a case study in Jiawang 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Land use change is one of the uppermost driving forces of regional ecosystem change, and has a huge impact on the environmental balance. Mining areas with intensive resources exploitation and utilization have undergone different kinds of environmental influences, such as water pollution and land use cover change. The extensive coal mining in China has led to significant regional land use change resulting in major ecological damage. The objective of this study was to form a clearer picture of the regional ecological environmental situation for promoting ecological protection and improvement by ecosystem service valuing. The case study area was selected at Jiawang town, which has undergone extensive coal mine exploitation for many decades. The study investigated the relationship between land use change and ecological environment, and described the ecosystem service value variations in Jiawang, based on remote sensing and GIS technology. After modification of regional ecosystem service value coefficients, the method was used to evaluate the conditions in the study area from 1990 to 2005 based on the land use/cover information interpreted from TM/ETM+ images. The characters and changes of ecosystem service values were then analyzed both quantitatively and spatially. 相似文献
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基于土地利用变化的喀斯特地区生态服务价值损益估算——以广西都安瑶族自治县为例 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
以广西都安瑶族自治县1988年、1999 年TM 影像数据以及2005 年SPOT2 /4影像数据为基础,应用谢高地等关于生态系统服务价值的测算方法,分析了研究区域土地利用变化及其所引起的生态系统服务价值的变化情况。分析结果表明, 17年间研究区域土地利用的变化损害了该区域生态系统的生态服务功能,使生态系统服务价值损失了约0. 91亿元,说明土地利用变化影响了该地的生态系统服务功能的发挥,建议都安县调整土地利用结构,加大生态建设比重。 相似文献
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The devastating effect of soil erosion is one of the major sources of land degradation that affects human lives in many ways which occur mainly due to deforestation, poor agricultural practices, overgrazing,wildfire and urbanization. Soil erosion often leads to soil truncation, loss of fertility, slope instability, etc.which causes irreversible effects on the poorly renewable soil resource. In view of this, a study was conducted in Kelantan River basin to predict soil loss as influenced by long-term land use/land-cover(LULC) changes in the area. The study was conducted with the aim of predicting and assessing soil erosion as it is influenced by long-term LULC changes. The 13,100 km~2 watershed was delineated into four sub-catchments Galas, Pergau, Lebir and Nenggiri for precise result estimation and ease of execution. GIS-based Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE) model was used to predict soil loss in this study. The model inputs used for the temporal and spatial calculation of soil erosion include rainfall erosivity factor,topographic factor, land cover and management factor as well as erodibility factor. The results showed that 67.54% of soil loss is located under low erosion potential(reversible soil loss) or 0-1 t ha~(-1) yr~(-1) soil loss in Galas, 59.17% in Pergau, 53.32% in Lebir and 56.76% in Nenggiri all under the 2013 LULC condition.Results from the correlation of soil erosion rates with LULC changes indicated that cleared land in all the four catchments and under all LULC conditions(1984-2013) appears to be the dominant with the highest erosion losses. Similarly, grassland and forest were also observed to regulate erosion rates in the area. This is because the vegetation cover provided by these LULC types protects the soil from direct impact of rain drops which invariably reduce soil loss to the barest minimum. Overall, it was concluded that the results have shown the significance of LULC in the control of erosion. Maps generated from the study may be useful to planners and land use managers to take appropriate decisions for soil conservation. 相似文献
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Frontiers constitute a major source of global land cover change hot spots, with forests and grasslands being converted into agricultural uses. As such, frontiers provide an opportunity to see how people manipulate the land and their lives in the context of social, cultural and environmental constraints. This paper examines frontier settlement and land cover change in Nang Rong district, Northeast Thailand for the last half century. It uses a Cellular Automata (CA) model to explore the land cover consequences of alternative patterns of settlement in a setting where people establish dwelling units in nucleated villages and work agricultural plots that surround villages. Forested land around the center of a village is converted into agricultural uses in an inverse relationship to the distance from the village center, but frequently modified by biophysical conditions. Land at the center of the village may be reforested after the village is established as a source of shade as well as fruit and other products. Model variation in land cover change is more sensitive to the spatial reach of village households than their temporal reach, suggesting the important role that technology plays in how villagers travel to their fields (walking versus motorized transit). 相似文献
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喀斯特生态系统服务研究进展与展望 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
喀斯特生态系统是全球典型的脆弱生态系统之一,它为人类提供了重要的服务功能和价值。回顾国内外喀斯特生态系统服务研究的文献可发现,当前研究多遵循“土地利用变化—生态系统服务价值响应”的研究范式,仅重视中小尺度喀斯特生态系统服务价值的空间异质性,强调土地利用变化和生态工程对生态系统服务价值的影响。而今后应加强基于“生态系统结构、过程—功能—服务”级联框架的喀斯特生态系统服务研究,构建喀斯特生态系统服务分类体系,突出大尺度喀斯特生态系统服务评估,拓展喀斯特生态系统服务之间权衡与协同及喀斯特生态系统服务对人类福祉的影响,定量分析自然和人为因素对喀斯特生态系统服务的影响。 相似文献
18.
为评估陕西省生态系统服务价值在地形梯度上的分布及变化趋势,利用2000、2010年土地利用DEM数据,定量探讨了陕西省生态系统服务价值的时序变化和空间分布特征,并对陕西省整体生态经济协调度进行分析.结果表明：2000-2010年,陕西省生态系统服务价值增加了10.92亿元,其中林地和草地生态系统服务价值分别增加21.40亿元和23.16亿元,耕地生态系统服务价值减少34.16亿元;在地形梯度上,生态系统服务价值呈中间高、南北低的分布特征,且主要集中于坡度为0°~14.6°,高程为1 067~1 380 m的地形梯度单元内.单项生态系统服务价值中,废料处理和食物生产生态系统服务价值因耕地减少而损失严重,共减少6.08亿元.生态经济协调度评估结果表明：区域生态经济的发展整体趋于不协调,建议在经济发展的同时加强对生态环境的保护力度. 相似文献
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David Carr 《Geoforum》2006,37(1):94-103
Agricultural frontiers are hot spots for the most dramatic land cover change in the history of humankind: forest conversion to agriculture. They are also areas of unusually rapid population growth and acute poverty, with scant access to public services and infrastructure. Although a large body of literature explores the determinants of land cover change on the frontier, one issue that has been largely unstudied is that of frontier political and socio-economic development. This paper reports on data from 28 communities along an agricultural frontier in a core conservation zone of the Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR), where the predominant land tenure systems at the community level appear to be related not only to land use, but also to political organization and human development indicators. 相似文献
20.
于栖兰山庄二次林与宜兰县大同乡之玉兰茶园内,以蒸发皿法量测与估算此二试验区之日潜在蒸散发量,了解在不同土地利用型态下,其日潜在蒸散发量的表现差异情况。研究结果发现,茶园生态系统之日潜在蒸散发量明显高于二次林生态系统之日潜在蒸散发量。究其原因为,茶园生态系统的经营型态属开放式经营型态,故整体茶园生态系统均匀曝晒于阳光下,因此接收足量之太阳辐射能,导致其日潜在蒸散发量较高。而栖兰山庄二次林生态系之表现情形则不尽相同,由于二次林生态系统内,其高、矮茎植物丛生,此差异性结构将产生互相遮阴现象,使得土壤之蒸发量与矮茎植物之蒸散量减少。此外,二次林生态系统的组成中亦多含深根性植物,其水土保持特性相对于茶园生态系统也有较佳的表现。研究中亦发现,在冬季时期,若将二次林生态系统开辟为茶园生态系统时,二次林生态系统每公顷土地之水分逸失量将增加100~150 t。 相似文献