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1.
The carbon isotopic composition of organic matter from lake sediments has been extensively used to infer variations in productivity. In this paper, based on the study of the contents and δ13C values of organic matter in different types of lakes, it has been found that δ13C values of organic matter have different responses to lake productivity in different lakes. As to the lakes dominated by aqutic macrophytes such as Lake Caohai, organic matter becomes enriched in 13C with increasing productivity. As to the lakes dominated by aquatic algae such as Lake Chenghai, δ13C values of organic matter decrease with increasing productivity, and the degradation of aquatic algae is the main factor leading to the decrease of δ13C values of organic matter with increasing productivity. Therefore, we should be cautious to use the carbon isotopic composition of organic matter to deduce lake productivity.  相似文献   

2.
乌梁素海和岱海沉积磷形态分布的差异性研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
湖泊沉积物中磷的含量及形态分布等地球化学信息可以用来反演湖泊流域的古环境及污染历史。本文以乌梁素海和岱海两个不同类型的湖泊为研究对象,对两个湖泊沉积柱芯中磷形态分布的差异性进行了研究。结果表明,乌梁素海和岱海沉积柱芯中沉积磷的主导形态均为ACa P、De P和 Or P,但乌梁素海表层沉积物和沉积柱芯中Al P和 ACa P的含量水平明显高于岱海,而Ex P、De P和 Or P的含量水平明显低于岱海。两个湖泊沉积磷形态分布的差异性能较好地揭示出湖泊流域的地理环境、化学风化程度以及湖泊富营养化类型的差异性,沉积柱芯中ACa P含量及其分布特征能很好的指示湖泊自身发展过程中的富营养化水平,而De P含量及其分布特征则能较好的揭示出整个湖泊流域的古环境古气候信息。  相似文献   

3.
太湖沉积对流域极端降水和洪水响应的研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
认识极端洪水特征和周期,急需建立长期洪水记录和序列。过去150 a来长江下游极端降水引发了多次太湖特大洪水,太湖湖泊沉积提供了长于观测资料的洪水记录。本文利用太湖中心开阔水域的近现代沉积,采用210Pb和137Cs测年法和粒度、磁学特征分析,与区域夏季降水和长江下游洪峰流量进行相关分析,恢复了太湖流域150 a来的历史洪水事件。根据长江下游极端夏季降水（Pjja≥90%百分位）和极端径流(Q≥90%百分位)以及历史文献记载,太湖流域自1840年以来约有24次特大洪水年,而湖泊沉积物砂级粒径与低频磁化率等特征能捕获与之对应的中洪水事件15次。这表明湖泊沉积记录能较好地反演过去洪水变化,为利用沉积记录认识百年极端洪水长周期变化和特征提供了沉积学、磁学等方面的科学依据。  相似文献   

4.
Organic matter in sediments, for instance, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, can be used to reconstruct the paleoecological and pollution history of lakes and their catchment basins. In this paper, the contents of allochthonous organic carbon (allochthonous OC) and autochthonous organic carbon (autochthonous OC) in sediment cores taken from Wuliangsuhai Lake and Daihai Lake in northern China are quantified by using a binary model, and phosphorus forms in the sediment cores from the two lakes are extracted by sequential extraction techniques. The results indicate that the palaeoenvironment and paleoclimate of Daihai Lake and its catchment basin in the recent 250 years can be well reconstructed based on the content of allochthonous OC. The climate was relatively humid and warm in the period of 1865–2005, while relatively dry and cold in the period of 1765–1865. The sedimentary information of allochthonous OC in the 22–42-cm portion of the sediment cores in Daihai Lake corresponds to the final cold fluctuation of the Little Ice Age that occurred since the Middle Holocene. The difference of phosphorus forms in the sediment cores between the two lakes indicates that phosphorus input to the lakes and the correlation between phosphorus forms and distribution and the changes of environment are influenced by the eutrophication mechanisms and environmental conditions of the two lakes.  相似文献   

5.
中国中新生代咸化湖盆烃源岩沉积的问题及相关进展   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
我国东部断陷湖盆和西部坳陷湖盆第三系均有蒸发岩与烃源岩共生现象。前者水体深、咸化范围小，在氯化盐和碳酸盐沉积环境中形成了优质烃源岩，后者水体浅、咸化范围大，在氯化盐和硫酸盐沉积环境中发育了优质烃源岩，作者认为两种湖盆出现的水体分层是有机质堆积和保存的重要条件。济阳坳陷和柴达木盆地为两类咸化湖盆的典型代表，对它们的研究可以深化蒸发岩-烃源岩共生区油气地质的认识、促进勘探发展。  相似文献   

6.
Impressive Quaternary lacustrine deposits are present as terrace remnants throughout the Karakoram Mountains, northern Pakistan. They are mainly the result of damming of drainage systems during glacial advances or by catastrophic mass movement deposits. The longevity of most lakes is relatively short, in the order of years to tens of years, but sedimentation rates are extremely high as a consequence of the high sediment loads within the rivers. This results in deposits that frequently exceed 10 m in thickness. The sediments comprise dominantly planar bedded, massive and, less commonly, planar laminated, silts, comprising detrital quartz, feldspar, mica, calcite, chlorite and illite. A facies model for lacustrine sedimentation in a high-energy semi-arid high mountain region is presented, using case studies from a glacially dammed palaeolake (Glacial Lake Gilgit) and a debris-flow dammed palaeolake (Lake Serat). The rapid deposition and absence of organic material restricts the usefulness of these lacustrine sediments as proxies for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction, but they are helpful in reconstructing the former extent of glaciers and illustrating the importance of high-magnitude–low-frequency events, such as landsliding, as formative processes contributing to the evolution of the Karakoram landscape.  相似文献   

7.
长江中游湖泊沉积微结构特征与沉积环境   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11  
在长江中游的洪湖、东湖、网湖和大九湖等四个地点取得湖沼沉积物的钻孔样品,用偏光显微镜下和电子显微镜观察微结构特征并以此解释三种湖相粘土的成因和沉积环境的变化。在长江沿岸湖泊中,0.4~ 0.5kaBP以来形成的浅色粘土的微结构类型主要有 :显微层理构造、颗粒的定向性、较大的微孔隙和颗粒粒径,面与面或边与边接触方式。物源主要来自河流带来的泥沙.当时河湖相通,河流入湖水沙量大。 1~ 2.5kaBP期间形成的青色粘土的典型微结构是 :凝胶结构、絮凝结构、细颗粒粒径和小孔隙、低球度和淡水中心冈硅藻。主要是有机质胶体与粘土胶体相互作用形成的。此期间,河流带入湖泊的泥沙少,江汉平原拥有一个开阔、稳定、浮游生物较多的淡水湖泊环境。 0.4~ 1kaBP期间形成的黑色粘土的主要微结构类型是 :凝胶结构、大的圆孔隙和植物纤维的生物框架结构、呈双峰分布的孔隙。它主要是由于维管束植物残体大量积累形成的。当时江汉平原湖泊湖水变浅,大量挺水植物生长,有些湖泊沼已经沼泽化了。鱼骨框架结构证明,在 2.9~ 4kaBP的全新世温暖期山间盆地大九湖出现大量鱼类,但并没有导致喜温鱼类向上游明显迁徙。  相似文献   

8.
《Quaternary International》2006,142(1):162-171
A geochemical study of oligotrophic Lake Sanabria (NW Iberian Peninsula) allows us to distinguish the geochemical response of a lacustrine system to catastrophic events and climatic events. The main major elements analysed were: K, Na, Mg, Ca, Ti, Al, Fe, Mn, P and S. The organic matter content in the sediment of Lake Sanabria is determined by the rainfall regime of the region. Periods when sediments were enriched in Ti, Mg, K, and Al are indicative of relatively wet paleoenvironmental conditions, whereas intervals when sediments were enriched in S and P (associated with organic matter) are indicative of dry conditions. A factor analysis of the geochemical data shows a progressive temporal displacements from organic rich conditions (relatively high values of S and P) to inorganic rich conditions (relatively high values of Ti, Mg, K, Al, and Na). Maximal inorganic content occurred at the beginning of two discrete sedimentary levels: the LOL2 (cal. 1160–1230 yr AD) and the LOL1 (cal. 1510–1680 yr AD) horizons. The LOL2 and LOL1 horizons constitute two discrete events related to climatic changes during the beginning and end of the Little Ice Age, respectively. In contrast, the geochemical analysis provides evidence that the samples associated with the 1959 catastrophic event that occurred in the catchment area of Lake Sanabria do not follow the long-term geochemical evolution paths of the climate driven system.  相似文献   

9.
洞庭湖和鄱阳湖泥沙冲淤特征及三峡水库对其影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
长江中游江湖关系复杂,分布有中国第一、二大淡水湖泊,江湖关系演变对防洪、生态等影响重大。通过分析反应长江中游洞庭湖和鄱阳湖泥沙冲淤的实测水沙和地形资料,初步掌握了湖区泥沙冲淤特征及主要影响因素,并着重探讨了三峡水库蓄水对两湖泥沙冲淤的影响。结果表明,近10年洞庭湖和鄱阳湖湖区泥沙淤积速度明显减缓,部分年份出现冲刷,其中洞庭湖湖区泥沙沉积率下降主要由来沙减少引起,三峡水库拦沙作用的影响明显;鄱阳湖区冲刷主要集中在入江水道,采砂活动影响显著,三峡水库蓄水影响尚不明显。  相似文献   

10.
《China Geology》2022,5(3):421-428
This paper aims to investigate the present situation and transfer mechanisms of microplastics in lacustrine sediments in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The study surveyed the average abundance of microplastics in sediments. The abundance of microplastics in sediments of lakes from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is 17.22–2643.65 items/kg DW and 0–60.63 items/kg DW based on the data of the Qinghai Lake and the Siying Co Basin. The microplastic abundance in sediments from small and medium lakes is very high compared to that in other areas in the world. Like microplastics in other lakes of the world, those in the lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau mainly include organic polymers PA, PET, PE, and PP and are primarily in the shape of fibers and fragments. The microplastic pollution of lacustrine sediments in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is affected by natural changes and by human activities, and the concentration of microplastics in lacustrine ecosystems gradually increases through food chains. Furthermore, the paper suggests the relevant administrative departments of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau strengthen waste management while developing tourism and pay much attention to the impacts of microplastics in water environments. This study provides a reference for preventing and controlling microplastic contamination in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

11.
南四湖及主要入湖河流沉积物中磷的赋存形态研究   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  
应用沉积物磷形态SMT提取方法,分析了南四湖及主要入湖河流丰水季节表层沉积物、独山湖及微山湖区沉积岩芯中磷的含量及形态组成变化,研究了磷的埋藏演化过程与人为污染特征.结果表明,老运河表层沉积物中磷的含量最高,为13068.3 mg/kg,以OP及NaOH-P为主,其富集系数分别为6.5和9.0,主要是与来自济宁市的废水污染有关.其余表层沉积物以HCl-P为主;受人为污染的影响,NaOH-P、OP产生一定程度的富集,其富集系数分别为1.0.3.7、1.3～6.0;部分沉积物中高含量的有机质加重了OP的富集.独山湖及微山湖沉积岩芯中以HCl-P和OP为主;20世纪60年代末期以来,随着湖泊生产力的提高及早期成岩过程中有机质的矿化分解,独山湖及微山湖沉积岩芯中TOC含量自下而上呈指数增加,这也导致了沉积物中OP的增加;独山湖及微山湖沉积岩芯6～0 cm和5～0 cm较高的OP及NaOH-P含量,指示了20世纪80年代中期以来磷的人为污染过程.  相似文献   

12.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in sediment cores from Lake Lucerne, Lake Zürich, and Greifensee, Switzerland, and Lake Washington, northwest U.S.A., have been isolated, identified and quantified by glass capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Surface sediment layers are greatly enriched in PAH—up to 40 times—compared to deeper layers. In addition, concentration increases in upper sediments generally correspond to increasing industrialization and urbanization in the catchment basins of the lakes. Few PAH could be detected in pre-industrial revolution sediments, indicating that background levels for most PAH in aquatic sediments are extremely low.These results are consistent with an anthropogenic source for most of the aromatic hydrocarbons present in the modern sediments. A comparison of PAH distributions in the sediments and in possible source materials shows that urban runoff of street dust may be the most important PAH input to these lacustrine sediments. There is evidence that a significant contribution to the PAH content of street dust comes from material associated with asphalt.  相似文献   

13.
Lake El′gygytgyn is situated in a 3·6 Myr old impact crater in North‐eastern Siberia. Its sedimentary record probably represents the most complete archive of Pliocene and Quaternary climate change in the terrestrial Arctic. In order to investigate the influence of gravitational sediment transport on the pelagic sediment record in the lake centre, two sediment cores were recovered from the lower western lake slope. The cores penetrate a sub‐recent mass movement deposit that was identified by 3·5 kHz echo sounding. In the proximal part of this deposit, deformed sediments reflect an initial debris flow characterized by limited sediment mixture. Above and in front of the debrite, a wide massive densite indicates a second stage with a liquefied dense flow. The mass movement event led to basal erosion of ca 1 m thick unconsolidated sediments along parts of its flow path. The event produced a suspension cloud, whose deposition led to the formation of a turbidite. The occurrence of the turbidite throughout the lake and the limited erosion at its base mainly suggest deposition by ‘pelagic rain’ following Stokes’ Law. Very similar radiocarbon dates obtained in the sediments directly beneath and above the turbidite in the central lake confirm this interpretation. When applying the depositional model for the Late Quaternary sediment record of Lake El′gygytgyn, the recovered turbidites allow reconstruction of the frequency and temporal distribution of large mass movement events at the lake slopes. In total, 28 turbidites and related deposits were identified in two, 12·9 and 16·6 m long, sediment cores from the central lake area covering approximately 300 kyr.  相似文献   

14.
Changes in organic materials preserved within sediments of Saginaw Bay deposited over the past two centuries record corresponding periods in the environmental history of this part of Lake Huron and its watershed. Sediments deposited since 1940 show an increasingly greater input of aquatic organic matter in response to accelerating cultural eutrophication of Saginaw Bay. Concentrations of fatty acids, sterols, fatty alcohols, and aliphatic hydrocarbons are higher in these modern sediments than in deeper ones. Molecular distributions of these geolipids reflect less aquatic material deeper in the sediments. Prior to 1875, sediment organic matter appears to be diluted by mineral matter from enhanced erosion caused by clearing of the watershed for farming and settlement. During this period there is better preservation of carbonate minerals due to quicker burial. Since 1875, petroleum components comprise over 90% of the total aliphatic hydrocarbon content of these sediments, reflecting the advent and continued existence of chronic, low-level petroleum contamination of this part of the Great Lakes.  相似文献   

15.
In this paper, we show the potential of combining multi‐proxy analysis of lake sediments with catchment geomorphology to better understand palaeoenvironmental changes. Previous studies have suggested that alpine lakes in N Sweden may be highly sensitive to variations in catchment erosion and precipitation, and that this sensitivity may influence ecologically based reconstructions of past temperature changes. We analysed lake sediments covering the last 5100 years from the alpine Lake Vuoksjávrátje in NW Sweden in order to identify different erosional regimes in the lake catchment, sediment sources and lake sedimentary processes, which ultimately affect the palaeoecological record. The measured proxies include elemental geochemistry from XRF core scanning, grain size, sediment accumulation rates, fraction of terrestrial organic carbon and geomorphological mapping, supported by previously published chironomid and total organic carbon data. From the integrated results we identified time intervals when increased intensity of precipitation altered sedimentation and lake catchment erosional processes. The most prominent event occurred c. 2900 cal. a BP and is interpreted to be the result of excessive precipitation, possibly related to the climatic shift towards cooler and wetter conditions referred to as the 2.8 ka event.  相似文献   

16.
岱海14 C测年的现代碳库效应研究*   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
碳库效应的复杂性是影响建立湖泊沉积物高精度年代序列的一大障碍。本项研究通过我国内蒙古半干旱区封闭湖泊表层沉积物、湖水、现生沉水植物狐尾藻、现生鲤鱼鱼骨和湖岸表层土壤等一系列样品的14 C年代测定,表明现代岱海确实存在碳库效应。碳库效应年龄因湖水盐度在湖区的不均而有所变化,岱海西部湖区弓坝河径流补给量大,湖水盐度较东部稍低,碳库效应年龄也略小于东部湖区。表层沉积物中有机质包含浮游生物和沉水植物的混合信息,因而其碳库效应年龄较沉水植物年龄轻,岱海湖心表层沉积物碳库效应年龄在2000a左右。这一碳库效应年龄较通过沉积钻孔14 C年龄线性回归获得的年龄偏大,可能的原因是在时间序列上碳库效应并非恒定。  相似文献   

17.
A geochemical–paleolimnological study was conducted to investigate human influences on three lakes (Nuasjärvi, Jormasjärvi and Kolmisoppi) located in an area with high background levels of metals and sulphur in bedrock and till overburden. Accordingly, background concentrations of Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni and Zn were above average in sediments of the study lakes.The land use-related erosion and transport of particulate matter into Lake Nuasjärvi started as early as in the seventeenth century, while increased inputs to Lake Jormasjärvi date to the eighteenth century and Lake Kolmisoppi to the 1970s and 1980s. Local tills and fine-grained sediments are the source of the particles and hydraulic sorting has resulted in elevated sediment concentrations of Ca, Cr, Cu, K, Mg, Na and Ni. At the same time, sedimentation of carbon and autochthonous phases has decreased, leading to low concentrations of Co, Fe and Mn in the erosion-associated sediment layers in Nuasjärvi and Kolmisoppi. Despite the geochemical changes, no marked eutrophication of the lakes could be detected with diatom-based nutrient reconstructions during the early land-use period.Elevated amounts of sulphur and chalcophilic elements were deposited throughout the study area during the 1970s and 1980s. In Lake Nuasjärvi combination of the elements is associated with the Lahnaslampi mine and the difference in the sulphide degradation rate is reflected as a sequence of element mobility and sedimentation in the order 1) S, and 2) Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Sb. Sulphur, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn enrichment in the other two lakes is related to other land uses and to atmospheric deposition. In addition to sulphur and metals, these most recent inputs from the catchment have caused nutrient enrichment in all three study lakes, most notably in the lowest-lying Lake Nuasjärvi. This lake has the highest percentage of fine-grained soils in its catchment and also suffers from point source nutrient inputs. In addition, metals (Ni) had a signal in diatom assemblages in Lake Nuasjärvi that was statistically independent of eutrophication (N:C) but inseparable from mineral matter inputs (K).  相似文献   

18.
To describe and analyse the role of sediments in the matter cycling in large shallow transboundary Lake Peipsi (L. Peipsi) in north-eastern Europe, detailed surface-sediment mapping was conducted. On the basis of grain size the surface sediments fall into three groups: coarse-grained sediments (prevailingly sands in the lake’s southern part), fine-grained sediments (mainly silts) and silty sands, both in the central deeper part within the 8-m depth contour. The groups of deposits have a distinct spatial distribution, determined mainly by the current system in the lake. The main source of bottom sediments is the erosion of the lake floor and shores, the role of the river input seems to be limited. Fine-grained organic-rich sediments are very cohesive, playing the main role in the circulation of various inorganic and organic pollutants like nutrients and xenobiotics. Due to the cohesive character of the sediments their physical and chemical properties are extremely diverse and if the near-bottom shear stress increases (extreme meteorological events, changes in the water level, etc.), the lake floor may be subjected to episodic erosion and resuspension, which may cause remobilisation of impurities in muddy sediments and their return to the food chain.  相似文献   

19.
气象观测资料表明,在当前全球暖化背景下高海拔地区的增温速率更快,其气候对全球气候变化的响应更为敏感.但是,高海拔地区如何响应快速气候事件,由于古气候古环境重建资料在高海拔地区较少,这一问题还没有很好的回答.为此选择云南省高山湖泊错恰湖为研究对象(海拔约3960 m),分析了湖泊沉积岩芯(深度范围90~244 cm)中正构烷烃的分布特征,重建了末次冰消期(19000~9500 a B. P.)沉积物有机质来源的变化,进而推断古气候演变.在17800~17000 a B. P.,错恰湖有机质以陆源输入为主,水生贡献相对减少,气候以暖湿为主;在17000~15100 a B. P.,水生有机质的贡献的比例增加,气候以冷干为主;在15100~12700 a B. P.,湖泊沉积有机质的陆源贡献增加,水生贡献相对减少,气候相对暖湿;在12700~11400 a B. P.时段,湖泊沉积水生有机质来源相对增多,气候相对冷干.与其他区域和全球气候记录对比发现,错恰湖的沉积记录指示的气候变化事件,受高纬冰量以及北大西洋驱动的西南季风突变所影响,在末次冰消期记录的4个明显的千年尺度气候事件,在时间上与First warmth、 H1、 B-A和YD事件相对应.与云南地区其他湖泊记录对比发现,小型湖泊或高海拔湖泊对这些全球快速气候事件的响应更加敏感.  相似文献   

20.
The recent sedimentation processes in four contrasting lacustrine and marine basins of Northern Patagonia are documented by high-resolution seismic reflection profiling and short cores at selected sites in deep lacustrine basins. The regional correlation of the cores is provided by the combination of 137Cs dating in lakes Puyehue (Chile) and Frías (Argentina), and by the identification of Cordon Caulle 1921–22 and 1960 tephras in lakes Puyehue and Nahuel Huapi (Argentina) and in their catchment areas. This event stratigraphy allows correlation of the formation of striking sedimentary events in these basins with the consequences of the May–June 1960 earthquakes and the induced Cordon Caulle eruption along the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault Zone (LOFZ) in the Andes. While this catastrophe induced a major hyperpycnal flood deposit of ca. 3×106 m3 in the proximal basin of Lago Puyehue, it only triggered an unusual organic rich layer in the proximal basin of Lago Frías, as well as destructive waves and a large sub-aqueous slide in the distal basin of Lago Nahuel Huapi. A very recent mega-turbidite in the two distal basins of Reloncavi fjord located close to the LOFZ suggests that 1960 co-seismic movements in this area may have triggered the remobilization of ca. 187×106 m3 of marine sediments.  相似文献   

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