共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
南沙海区表层沉积物放射性核素分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用HPGeγ能谱方法测定了南沙海域表层沉积物，探测到的核素有^40K,^137Cs,^210Pb,^226Ra,^228Ra,^228Th,^238U.整体趋势为：^40K,^228Ra,^228Th,^238U4核素比活度为海盆＞陆坡＞陆架，^210Pb,^226Ra为陆坡＞海盆＞陆架，在陆坡区未探测到^137Cs，海盆的^137Cs高于陆架，波折沉积物中核素含量表现了与陆架和陆坡区不同的特征，而坡区^40K,^228Th,^238U4种核素的比活度中帽西向东逐渐降低，整个海区^228Ra,^228Th两种核素由南北向逐渐增大。 相似文献
2.
南海东北部表层沉积物天然放射性核素与137Cs 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
用HPGeγ谱仪测定了南海东北部表层沉积物中的放射性核素.结果给出7种核素的平均比活度分别为40K:538Bq/kg,210Pb:116Bq/kg,226Ra:27.7Bq/kg,228Ra:4.49Bq/kg,228Th:42.0Bq/kg,238U:35.4Bq/kg和137Cs:1.16Bq/kg,210Pb的比活度随离岸距离增大,226Ra比活度随离岸距离没有明显变化,其余核素比活度随离岸距离减小.与对我国近海其他海域报道的沉积物放射性核素含量相比,40K和137Cs稍低于其他海域,其余核素为中等水平. 相似文献
3.
2016年在北部湾白龙半岛邻近海域采集了表层沉积物,用高纯锗γ能谱仪测量了沉积物中放射性核素的活度.沉积物中40K、210Pb、226Ra、228Th、228Ra、238U和137Cs比活度分别为354±125、89.2±41.2、32.40±9.38、49.2±14.7、42.8±12.6、48.3±20.2和0.74±0.33 Bq/kg.白龙半岛邻近海域沉积物238U、232Th、226Ra含量水平与我国其他近岸海域的含量水平接近,40K、137Cs含量低于我国其他近岸海域的含量.由沉积物放射性核素活度计算的平均γ辐射吸收剂量(D)和平均年有效剂量当量(AEDE)都与世界平均水平相当,镭当量比活度(Raeq)远低于UNSCEAR建议的最低限值. 相似文献
4.
厦门潮间带表层沉积物天然放射系不平衡研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
用HPGeγ谱仪测定了厦门潮间带表层沉积物中的放射性核素,得到11种核素238U2、34Th2、26Ra2、22Rn2、10Pb2、28Ra2、28Ac2、28Th2、24Ra2、12Pb、40K的平均比活度分别为:40.2、82.7、32.4、28.9、94.2、69.3、57.1、71.6、64.0、71.4、692Bq/kg.结果表明潮间带沉积物中天然放射系不平衡,其中234Th相对于238U2、10Pb相对于226Ra过剩,222Rn相对于226Ra2、28Ac相对于228Ra2、24Ra相对于228Th亏损. 相似文献
5.
兴化湾西岸潮间带沉积物岩心放射性核素分布与沉积速率 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用2007年8月31日采集于福建兴化湾西岸的潮间带沉积物岩心样品,用γ谱方法测量了其放射性核素含量,对岩心中核素的分布及其成因进行了讨论,估算了研究区沉积物的沉积速率,探讨了沉积物的物源,结果表明:(1) 238U、228Th、228Ra、226Ra、210Pb、137Cs和40K的含量分别为35.0～60.6、52.6～69.3、49.0～66.5、22.7～36.2、26.3～84.8、0.5～1.3和775～831 Bq/kg;(2) 用238U、226Ra、137Cs和40K作为示踪剂进行物源分析发现,兴化湾潮间带沉积物主要源于邻近的福州和莆田地区的土壤,所占比率分别为54%和46%;(3) 用210Pbex和137Cs方法估算得兴化湾西岸潮间带沉积物的平均沉积速率分别为0.38 cm/a和0.36 cm/a.岩心中210Pbex分布表明,自20世纪末,研究区潮间带沉积速率加快. 相似文献
6.
南极长城站附近企鹅栖息地粪土沉积地层放射性核素210Pb定年 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用γ谱方法测定了南极长城站附近特有生物群落栖息地沉积物中放射性核素含量,地表沉积物中40K,137Cs,210Pb,226Ra,228Ra,228Th.和238U平均比活度,分别为143,7.56,24.1,3.65,5.36,4.15和6.5Bq/kg.同时测试了阿德雷岛企鹅栖息地粪土沉积地层中放射性核素含量,利用其中的210Pb比活度,210Pbex垂向变化特征,推演沉积物的沉积速率和地质历史年代:其中AD1-a柱样时间跨度约为74a(1928~2002年),据此计算了沉积速率为0.063mm/a(r=0.794),并讨论了在南极特定条件下,放射性核素示踪对定年影响以及与区域现代气候环境变化的内在联系. 相似文献
7.
北部湾沉积物中放射性核素的分布特征与控制因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
北部湾是我国大西南地区重要的海上通道，也是我国重要的渔场之一。本研究利用高纯锗γ谱仪系统分析北部湾表层和柱状沉积物中4种最主要的天然放射性核素(238U、226Ra、228Ra、40K)含量和分布特征。结果显示，北部湾沉积物中放射性核素含量低于我国大部分海域的结果，高于珊瑚礁区的极低放射性水平的结果。北部湾沉积物中4种核素都存在“蝴蝶”状空间分布特征，该特征主要源于沉积物粒径的非线性调控，且与沉积物总有机碳浓度存在正相关。此外，利用Mn和210Pb所指示的氧化还原状态和物理/生物扰动过程也可以对柱状沉积物中氧化还原敏感型核素(比如，238U)分布产生一定的影响。本文从232Th/238U、40K/238U、226Ra/238U活度比值角度，发现北部湾沉积物具有典型的陆源沉积物特征，且显著不同于南海珊瑚礁区中生源沉积物特征。本研究有利于掌握滨海核电发展背景下的北部湾海洋环境中放射性核素水平，揭示核素的“蝴蝶”状分布特征和控制因素，探索基于放射性核素的地球化学新指标在海洋沉积过程中的应用。 相似文献
8.
9.
放射性核素示踪技术被广泛应用于海洋学研究。海洋沉积物是许多物质的归宿,海洋沉积过程的研究常关注3个关联问题:物质来源、沉积速率、再悬浮过程。针对这3个问题,在南海9个珊瑚礁区、北部湾涠洲岛海域、珠江口、北冰洋、南大洋等多个海区利用典型的铀系放射性核素(210Pb、226Ra、234Th、238U)示踪技术开展海洋沉积过程研究。物源识别方面,研究发现珊瑚礁区沉积物具有极低的226Ra/238U活度比值(0.1),显著低于其他海区的226Ra/238U活度比值(0.5～1.0),该独特性质可以应用于珊瑚礁区的沉积物/悬浮物来源示踪,是其他传统元素地球化学方法(Al、Ti、稀土元素)的补充。沉积速率方面,基于210Pb的恒定通量恒定沉积速率(Constant Flux Constant Sedimentation Model, CFCS)模式,定量计算了广西涠洲岛珊瑚礁区沉积柱样的沉积速率(3.7±0.6 mm/a),该结果低于中国多个近岸海域的沉积速率(5～96 mm/a)。沉积物再悬浮方面,提出利用"残余234Th"(不同于过剩234Th)示踪海洋沉积物再悬浮过程,并成功应用于北冰洋、南海、南大洋。 相似文献
10.
环厦门海域沉积物放射性核素分布与沉积速率 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用HPGe探测器γ谱仪测定了厦门海域两个沉积物岩心的放射性核素,研究了40K、137Cs、210Pb、226Ra、228Ra、228Th和238U 7种放射性核素的垂直分布特征.综合文献数据与我们的研究结果给出沉积物中7种核素的比活度分别为510～1 096、2.64～4.01、48.4～129、9.6～40.0、49.9～94.3、56.3～89.2、11.5～82.3Bq/kg.用210Pbex方法计算得到的厦门西南和东北海域的沉积速率为2.62、2.43cm/a.文献给出的环厦门海域沉积速率范围值为0.07～13.2cm/a,算术平均值为3.2cm/a,主要集中在0.07～2.5、3.5～6.0cm/a范围内. 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
14.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
15.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
16.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
17.
18.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
19.
20.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献