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1.
面向服务的分布式空间信息支撑平台 总被引：13，自引：10，他引：3
基于Web服务技术构建空间信息系统有助于提高其可扩展性和互操作能力, 该技术也是这一领域中的热点.提出了一种面向服务的模型框架, 并基于该框架提出了基于Web服务的网格层次体系结构, 并给出一种Web服务与空间信息技术相融合的机制, 介绍了基于Web服务的空间信息网格支撑环境的总体结构和设计原理, 为基于Web服务的空间信息系统设计与实现提供了一种新的方法. 相似文献
3.
Amazon’s deforestation affects citizens from varying information communities. Experts like scientists or journalists acquire
relevant data on-site and publish valuable information on the Web. But different and sometimes conflicting views on reality
impede sharing of information across communities, relevant content remains far too often undiscovered. We introduce rule-based
semantic annotations as solution to facilitate the discovery and evaluation of geographical information. With the distinction
between shared domain and local information source ontologies, the proposed architecture of a semantically supported SDI for
the Amazon also takes the plethora of GI formats into account. Creating semantic annotations is challenging, a recommender
system for semantic annotations enables even the non-IT experts to participate. The benefits of the proposed techniques are
further illustrated by a scenario which spans across information communities of economics, ecology, and ethnology. 相似文献
4.
Ranching and the new global range: Amazônia in the 21st century 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Robert Walker John Browder Cynthia Simmons Marcellus Caldas Sergio de Zen 《Geoforum》2009,40(5):732-745
This paper seeks to understand how the Brazilian Amazon, which many thought unsuitable for agricultural development, has yielded to a dynamic cattle economy in only a few decades. It does so by embedding the Thunian model of location rents within the regime of capital accumulation that has driven the Brazilian economy since the mid-20th century. The paper addresses policies that have created location rents in Amazônia, the effect of these rents on land managers, and the spatial implications of their behavior on forests. Thus, the paper connects macro-processes and structures to agents on the ground, in providing a political ecological explanation relevant to land change science. The policy discussion focuses on reductions in transportation costs, improvements in animal health, and monetary and trade reforms. To illustrate the impact of policy, the paper presents data on the geography of Amazonian herd expansion, on the growth of Amazonian exports, and on the profitability of the region’s cattle economy. It follows the empirical presentation with more abstract consideration of the spatial relations between cattle ranching and soy farming, and implications for deforestation. The paper concludes on a speculative note by considering the likelihood of forest transition in the region, given the transformation of Amazônia into a global resource frontier. 相似文献
5.
Variability of mangrove ecosystems along the Brazilian coast 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yara Schaeffer-Novelli Gilberto Cintrón-Molero Raquel Rothleder Adaime Tânia Maria de Camargo 《Estuaries and Coasts》1990,13(2):204-218
Brazilian mangroves extend from 4°30′N to 28°30′S, varying greatly in growth form, species distribution patterns, and stand structure, in spite of a limited floristic diversity. We divided the Brazilian coastline into eight units, within which physiographic and climatic conditions are relatively uniform, and described mangrove occurrence, species distribution and structural attributes characteristic of each segment. In general, greates mangrove coverage and greatest forest stature are found in areas with a large surplus of rainfall over potential evapotranspiration and macrotidal regimes. An exception was the segment containing the mouth of the Amazon river, where freshwater systems dominate over brackish or marine associations. We believe that the variability in species associations and the dominance of each in a given environment is predominantly determined by the characteristics of the landforms that can be colonized by each species in a given region. The type, size, and frequency of occurrence of available landforms is a function of the particular mix of fluvial, tidal, and wave energies found in a region. Different species colonize these sites depending on their adaptations and edaphic preferences. Climate affects mangrove colonization and growth. We suggest that Brazilian mangroves play a minor role in modifying the geomorphic setting; the spatial arrangement of the various forest types is a response to the underlying topography and edaphic conditions, and to the constraints imposed by climatic and hydrologic factors. The spatial arrangement of species does not necessarily show successional processes, but may be the result of direct and differential colonization on appropriate substrates. 相似文献
6.
基于GML的WFS研究与实现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
网络要素服务(webfeature services, WFS) 是空间数据互操作的一个重要组成部分, 能为不同GIS数据格式提供要素级的交互.基于地理标志语言(geography markup language, GML) 的WFS能够为Web环境下的空间数据互操作技术和空间信息处理互操作技术提供简单而又有效的基本数据访问、要素编辑(包括添加、删除、更新)、要素的组合查询.通过研究开放式GIS联盟(open GIS consortiumInc., OGC) 的标准规范, 使用MAPGIS基础平台和.NET编译环境实现WFS, 使用XML传输和存储地理信息, 其中包括属性和地理要素的几何属性.最后给出了以MAPGIS平台为基础的基于GML的WFS的体系结构和实现方法.WFS只解决了空间数据互操作的一部分, 为了更好的进行空间数据互操作, WCS、WCTS的实现是必不可少的. 相似文献
7.
应用Virtual Globe技术和面向服务的软件构架SOA模型.通过综合分析地质灾害的空间数据和业务数据的特点,确定了不同数据类型之间的联系与服务方式.构建了一个地质灾害监测预警三维可视化数据集成框架,实现地质灾害空间数据和业务数据的集成和地质灾害相关信息的三维可视化显示.开发了基于B/S模式的华蓥山地质灾害监测预警... 相似文献
8.
基于面向服务体系结构（SOA）的钾盐资源潜力系统 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了对中国钾盐矿产资源潜力进行全面预测,建立了全国性的钾盐矿产资源潜力预测系统。对收集的钾盐信息进行系统地整理,在Oracle空间数据库中建立面向对象的空间数据模型,基于面向服务体系结构进行系统的框架设计,将属性数据和空间数据的操作发布为Web服务,客户端通过网络调用服务实现空间与属性数据的一体化管理及分析,采用面向对象语言C#和ArcObjects二次开发具体实现本系统。系统可通过Web服务与其他地学系统有机集成,对地学数据基于服务集成与共享及一站式服务具有重要参考价值。 相似文献
9.
Spatial profiling of community food security data can help the targeting of geographic areas and populations most vulnerable
to food insecurity. While multiple poverty mapping systems support spatial profiling, they often lack capabilities to disseminate
mapping results to a wide range of audiences and to spatially link qualitative data to quantitative analysis. To address these
limitations, this study presents a web mapping framework which integrates a variety of publicly available software tools to
enable spatial exploration of both quantitative and qualitative data. Specifically, our framework allows online choropleth
mapping and thematic data exploration through a mixture of free mapping Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) and open
source software tools for spatial data processing and desktop-like user interfaces. The study demonstrates this framework
by developing a web prototype for informing food insecurity issues in Bogotá, Colombia. The prototype implementation reveals
that the proposed framework facilitates the development of scalable and functionally-extensible mapping systems and the identification
of community-specific food insecurity problems (e.g., food kitchens inaccessible from workplaces of low-income residents).
This suggests that web-based cartographic visualization using publicly available software tools can be useful for spatial
examination of community food insecurity as well as for cost-effective distribution of the resulting map information. 相似文献
10.
基于特征基元的空间数据计算模式及其地学应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将地学计算的定义外延为空间数据计算,对空间数据计算的基本单元问题进行了初步的探讨,提出了基于特征基元的空间数据计算一般模式,并根据计算行为模式及计算侧重点的不同,将空间数据计算过程分为深度计算与主动计算,总结了“数据→特征→知识”的一般计算过程,并就此进行阐释。根据地理实体的形态和功能过程的不同来刻画形态和功能过程差异的空间数据,将地学空间数据划分为反映固态基质信息的陆地空间数据、反映液态基质信息的陆地水文空间数据、反映液态基质信息的海洋流体空间数据和反映气态基质信息的大气流体空间数据四类。基于陆地、水文、海洋和大气相关空间现象和空间过程分析,结合提出的深度计算与主动计算理论,对这四类空间数据的深度计算与主动计算过程进行了初步探讨。以基于特征的遥感信息提取和目标识别工作为例,对上述理论进行了说明和验证。最后对空间数据计算模式相关问题进行总结和展望。 相似文献
11.
工程钻探信息系统的设计与实现 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
考察钻探资料的使用现状，针对目前钻探资料缺乏共享的事实，建立基于Web共享机制的工程钻探信息系统（EDIS）。章描述了EDIS的网络结构，数据库及功能模块的设计，并介绍了系统实现的相关技术，重点剖析了钻孔柱状图动态绘制的算法实现。 相似文献
12.
Governments and development organisations consider the involvement of poor forest managers in global value chains and markets as a most promising approach for resolving the social and environmental challenges of the Amazon. This paper intends to provide a clearer picture about opportunities and potentials of this market-approach, by analysing integrated forest based development initiatives in the Bolivian, Brazilian, Ecuadorian and Peruvian Amazon. Findings suggest that the externally promoted initiatives seldom correspond to local realities and that they suffer from limited financial viability due to competitive disadvantages of locals in comparison to more capitalized actors. Success stories remain isolated without replication, and depend on external support for continuation. Only a limited number of families provided with privileged support have been able to overcome the technical, institutional and financial hurdles and to benefit from existing market opportunities. In some cases, interventions have generated conflicts and even weakened social organisation. Instead of simply copying the mistakes of the past regarding the emerging markets for environmental services, it is deemed essential to question the current market focus and search for alternatives placing greater emphasis on the interests, cultures and capacities of local people. 相似文献
13.
《Geoforum》2015
In the Brazilian Amazon, the long-distance river trading system known as aviamento has linked commodity producers in remote areas to markets in urban centers since the colonial period. Based on a case study from the rural municipality of Lábrea, this article explores continuities and changes in river trading from the point view of riverine residents and river traders. Geographic isolation and seasonal productive needs continued people’s dependence on river traders in 2008–2009, but they had greater choices due to increased access to information, mobility, and alternate markets. Expanded citizenship rights provided access to the vote and to education and other government services, but in a “differentiated” manner that still excluded many rural Amazonians. Given that agroindustry is currently the economic focus for Amazonian development, instead of forest product extraction, these rural producers continued to be forced to rely on informal river traders to meet their needs. 相似文献
14.
15.
层次化网络SCADA通讯模型及其应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
陈志文 《物探化探计算技术》2005,27(4):354-357
为在大型网络分布式SCADA（Super Control and Data Acquisition）应用系统中解决诸如电力、通信、石油、化工、制造业等行业或领域，在过程、流程、状态方面的数据监视、数据控制、数据采集与数据管理的高效、实时问题，解决各级子系统之间人工逐级汇接的问题，提高应用系统的稳定性、可维护性，这里提出了一种层次化网络SCADA通讯模型。该模型是通过在层次化网络SCADA模型中，引入基于TCP／IP协议的客户机／服务器查询方式数据通讯技术和点对点主动数据传递技术而建立的。根据该模型所设计的产品，经过生产实践证明，应用该模型可以较方便地构造分布在不同区域计算机上的SCADA系统，进行高效的实时通信。该模型为具有多层结构的大型分布式网络化集中SCADA系统的设计、开发，探索出了一条十分有效的新路径。 相似文献
16.
高时空分辨率的自然资源指标数据对大尺度自然资源动态观测与趋势评估至关重要。大数据时代下的海量多源数据为数据高效融合利用提供了可能。以重构汉江流域归一化植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)数据为例,搭建了PostgreSQL自然资源时空大数据处理底层架构,集成了数据级融合法、特征级融合法和决策级融合法,基于机器学习算法构建了一套面向自然资源信息提取的多源异构数据智能融合技术,实现了多源数据的高效利用与特征空间优选。同时,重构了2000—2019年汉江流域NDVI 1 km逐年数据集,全面反映了汉江流域植被动态变化。研究结果可为地球科学时空大数据的高效提取与模拟分析提供科学参考,为定量核算林草资源禀赋规模、探究生态系统时空演变规律提供一种更精准、更便捷的技术手段。 相似文献
17.
矿产资源定量预测中,地质变量在时间域与空间域上存在着质与量的差别,无论在数据采集上或信息量的提取中都存在着不平衡性。地质变量的这种不平衡性是由地质背景中的庞大噪声体系及工作系统误差造成的,在一定程度上将影响地质定量预测模型的稳定性与效果。针对上述问题提出一种将传统地质变量与非传统地质变量进行语义融合的组合度量方法。该法主要通过模型区与预测区中的共有变量集合与独有变量集合筛选,确定传统变量与非传统变量的定义与赋值方法,再通过空间联系度混合游程检验与质检验确定母体归属关系,建立非传统地质变量的替代组合度量模型,解决模型区定量预测模型外推过程中的质量塌陷与信息丢失问题。最后通过实际案例计算证实了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
18.
In order to meet the requirements of data collection in field survey of forest fires, this paper designed and realized a data collection system for forest fire field survey based on mobile smart phones with Android system. This android intelligent mobile terminal application contains three main data collection functions which are forest fuel data collection, forest fire events survey data collection and wildfire experiment data collection. Moreover, this intelligent mobile terminal application could overlay the spatial location of the collected data and Google map, which can facilitate users to understand the surrounding environment of the collected location. The intelligent mobile terminal application can easily record the text and numeric data when collecting forest fire data in field. Spatial locations, pictures, videos and other multimedia information can also be obtained by GPS and camera with the intelligent terminal. The system has been initially applied in the field works and obtained very good practical effect. 相似文献
19.
Rubber tappers promoted extractive reserves as a sustainable alternative to forest destruction in the Brazilian Amazon. However, the significance of rubber tapping itself has declined since the creation of extractive reserves, which raises questions about the contemporary cultural content of the rubber tapper identity. This paper therefore evaluates rubber tapper identity, using the case of the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve (CMER) in Acre, Brazil. We first draw on household survey data from the CMER to construct a statistical model of who self-identifies as a rubber tapper. The model shows that socio-economic background, household assets, institutional context, and knowledge of the CMER’s management plan are relevant to understanding rubber tapper self-identification, but not resource management practices, including rubber tapping itself. We therefore pursue qualitative analysis of key informant interviews to better apprehend contemporary understandings of the “rubber tapper” identity, particularly in light of recent shifts in livelihoods from rubber tapping toward cattle ranching. The qualitative analysis shows that there are now several different foundations for self-identifying as a “rubber tapper,” and that there are disagreements concerning the acceptability of cattle ranching among “rubber tappers.” These findings bear implications for research on the relationship of livelihood-based identities with resource management practices and environmental change, as well as public policies that seek to reconcile regional development with forest conservation. 相似文献
20.
The development of integrated water resource information management system in arid regions 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Mohamed A. Dawoud 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(5):1601-1612
Water and land-use tension are growing with the growing population of the world especially in arid region. To develop an efficient, sustainable, and integrated water and land-use resource management policy, accurate and complex information about available resources and demand centers is required. Geographical information system (GIS) provides a means of representing the real world through integrated layers of constituent spatial information using overlaying and indexing operations. In Abu Dhabi, Water Resources Information System (AWRIS) was developed. AWRIS is a centralized, GIS-based, Web-enabled integrated information management system that allows storage and management of all water resource information. The system integrates a comprehensive set of tools and applications that facilitate the efficient management of the water resources of the Emirate. All historical water resource information from more than ten existing databases and 10,000 Excel workbooks have now been compiled, quality controlled, and migrated into the central database. AWRIS is built as an Integrated Information Management System and hence designed to improve productivity by linking all relevant applications for data handling to a centralized data repository and management system. This paper outlines the main features of AWRIS which are three-folds. First, it provides full support for the Arabic language. Second, it is the first of its kind in bringing unrestricted data types into a centralized information management system, and third, it provides a wide range of tools to effectively manage information on water resources. 相似文献