共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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针对深海采矿机器人"鲲龍500"行走液压系统,建立深海采矿机器人行走液压系统理论模型,分析深海高压和低温环境对油液特性影响,并基于AMESim软件平台,建立深海采矿机器人行走液压系统数值模型,研究了0～6 000 m不同作业深度下的行走液压系统泵和马达的动态特性,以及在6 000 m水深时不同牌号液压油和行走启动特性对其行走性能的影响,对比分析了深海采矿机器人水池行走试验和500 m海底行走试验的行走泵的输出压力与流量曲线与其数值模拟曲线。研究表明,随着超过1 000 m作业水深的增加,深海行走液压系统的动态响应性能和稳定性显著降低,通过减小行走输入电压斜坡斜率和减小控制电压可以提高行走液压系统的稳定性,并通过试验验证了行走液压系统数值建模与仿真的正确性,为深海液压系统研究提供理论基础。 相似文献
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海底底质的物理力学参数不同于陆地土壤,其极低的抗剪强度和承压强度对深海采矿车的行走性能提出高要求。分析基于车辆地面力学理论,开展了底质土力学特性试验研究,建立了深海底质力学模型。根据深海重载作业采矿车样机结构参数,在大型动力学仿真软件Recurdyn中建立了仿真模型。通过直线行走多体动力学仿真与直线行走海试试验的对比,验证了仿真模型的准确性。在此基础上开展了采矿车样机在深海软底质上的多种行走工况动力学仿真,分析与评价其行走性能。结果表明,采矿车样机可以顺利完成转弯、爬坡、越障等基本功能。该研究成果可为深海采矿车海底行走性能评估提供理论参考,为深海采矿车和软底质的相互作用力学研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
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基于最优切削深度的深海采矿车定位研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
最优切削深度对矿石开采有着重要意义.为了获取相关深海地貌数据计算采矿车最优切削深度,实现最优开采,先要获得该地貌的准确位置数据,即采矿车准确定位的位置.考虑到深海地貌崎岖不平、车轮打滑、周围能见度低等复杂的工作环境,提出了一种基于从动轮的航位推算定位.通过建立非平坦地形上采矿车的运动学模型,采用电子罗盘等传感器测量采矿车的动态参数,依据运动学模型进行航位推算,从而实现采矿车的准确定位.试验结果较好地达到了预期的要求,为深海采矿车的最优切削深度控制、自主导航、路径规划等提供了前提条件. 相似文献
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实现高精度的定位导航是深海采矿车完成海底工作任务的基础条件。在采矿车行进过程中,声呐设备生成的图像信息能够反映海底场景的变化,从而体现采矿车本身的运动,由此建立了一种声呐图像里程计,并将其与轮式里程计和USBL测量数据相结合提出了一种深海采矿车组合定位导航算法。首先对多波束前视声呐图像进行预处理,然后使用Canny算法进行特征检测并对特征点云进行配准,再结合声呐成像原理构建了声呐图像里程计运动模型,最后通过轮式里程计运动模型推导预测方程、声呐图像里程计运动模型和USBL测量数据推导更新方程,利用EKF（extended Kalman filter）算法实现基于多传感器融合的定位与姿态估计。海试数据验证了该组合定位算法能实现轮式里程计、声呐里程计和超短基线在速度、位置、艏向角估计、定位速率的精度互补,具有一定的有效性和精确性,该算法为深海采矿车的定位与导航算法研发提供了参考。 相似文献
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水下机器人避碰控制是自主作业的重要基础,但复杂的约束条件和模型的不精确性增加了避障路径跟踪的技术难度。在传统模型预测控制的基础上,结合作业场景多种约束条件,引入径向基函数神经网络,提出了一种水平面避碰控制方法。首先,采用径向基神经网络建立误差补偿函数,提高传统动力学预测模型精度;然后,结合避碰路径跟踪控制,在滚动优化环节选取性能指标函数,并显式引入障碍物、执行机构与控制稳定性等约束条件;最后,通过仿真试验证明该方法能够控制水下机器人跟踪避碰路径实现水平面内障碍物规避。 相似文献
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《海洋技术学报》2023,(3)
深海中蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源,深海采矿船是深海采矿的重要装备,通过动力定位系统控制采矿船的海上位置,动力定位系统由若干推进器组成。采矿船在海上受到风浪流作用,推进器一旦失效极易发生采矿船运动失控等安全事故,本文研究推进器不同失效方式下动力定位性能,分析推进器不同失效方式动力定位功能的损失。根据势流理论计算波浪载荷,数值模拟深海采矿船不同位置的单个推进器失效和多个推进器失效方式下的时域运动响应,对比各种失效方式对深海采矿船纵荡、横荡、艏摇三个自由度运动的影响,分析各种失效方式对剩余推进器推力的影响。研究结果表明：采矿船空载90°浪向,推进器不同失效模式对于纵荡运动影响远小于对横荡和艏摇运动影响,船艉单推进器失效对于纵荡和艏摇动力定位的影响大于两个推进器失效影响;对于采矿船多自由度运动动力定位两个推进器失效大于单推进器失效影响;一侧两个推进器或两侧推进器同时失效,对动力定位的影响相同,对于横荡运动的影响最大。本文揭示了深海采矿船推进器失效对于采矿船运动的影响程度和机理,对于深海采矿船的安全作业具有指导意义。 相似文献
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对海底不同作业形式的深海大型爬行机器人进行了分类综述，依据当前深海大型爬行机器人在各方面的应用，将其分为了深海采矿机器人和深海挖沟机器人两大类，并对这两类中的一些性能突出的机器人进行了详细的介绍。重点介绍我国第一代、第二代多金属结核采矿机器人，SMD的3个多金属硫化物开采机器人，中科院深海所的富钴结壳规模采样爬行机器人，喷射式挖沟爬行机器人QT2800和机械式挖沟爬行机器人BT2400。并对深海大型爬行机器人的海底复杂行走技术和导航定位技术进行了阐述。行走技术方面，重点介绍Nexans公司的带有铰接式行走腿系统的Spider Dredger，中南大学的铰接履带式采矿机器人和北京矿冶研究总院的复合轮式机器人。导航定位方面，介绍了当前一些在用的深海导航定位技术。最后，对未来深海大型爬行机器人的发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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GDROV是用于堤坝探测的水下机器人,设计上属于开架式机器人,其精确的数学模型很难获得.采用基于模糊逻辑的直接自适应控制方法,利用模糊基函数网络逼近理想控制输出,通过模糊逻辑动态调整控制器的参数自适应律,可有效解决水下机器人控制问题.建立GDROV的水动力模型,给出基于模糊逻辑的直接自适应控制算法,最后通过仿真试验和外场试验验证了该控制器对模型的不确定性具有较强的鲁棒性,且具有良好的跟踪性能. 相似文献
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This paper describes the estimation of hydrodynamic coefficients and the control algorithm based on a nonlinear mathematical modeling for a test bed autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) named by SNUUV I (Seoul National University Underwater Vehicle I).A six degree of freedom mathematical model for SNUUV I is derived with linear and nonlinear hydrodynamic coefficients, which are estimated with the help of a potential code and also the system identification using multi-variable regression.A navigation algorithm is developed using three ranging sonars, pressure sensor and two inclinometers keeping towing tank applications in mind. Based on the mathematical model, a simulation program using a model-based control algorithm is designed for heading control and wall following control of SNUUV I.It is demonstrated numerically that the navigation system together with controller guides the vehicle to follow the desired heading and path with a sufficient accuracy. Therefore the model-based control algorithm can be designed efficiently using the system identification method based on vehicle motion experiments with the appropriate navigation system. 相似文献
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针对多礁石、渔船等障碍物的近海复杂环境下的一些应用,提出了一种基于有限状态机(finite-state machine,FSM)模型的无人船(unmanned surface vehicle,USV)局部转向避碰路径规划算法。首先,基于速度障碍法和障碍物区域分层方法,获取无人船固定航速条件下的航向角约束解析结果。然后,基于该约束条件及障碍物探测情况设计FSM的有限状态及执行动作和状态迁移条件,其中,通过转向控制实现向目标位点或缓冲位点进行导航的状态为FSM的2个重要状态。最终通过FSM的执行实现局部转向避碰路径规划。仿真结果表明提出的多障碍物避碰算法具有可行性和实用性。该方法易于改进和扩展,且容易与当前主流的无人船控制系统结合,有利于无人船避碰系统快速工程化的实现。 相似文献
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Hsin-Hung Chen 《Ocean Engineering》2008,35(14-15):1448-1462
Positioning accuracy of an ultra short baseline (USBL) tracking system is significantly reduced with the increase of alignment errors in the installation of sensors. Although techniques for sensor alignment calibration have been developed, they are either complex or lacking in rigor. This study proposes an algorithm to estimate the angular misalignments of a USBL transceiver relative to attitude sensors. The numerical algorithm is based on the positioning errors caused by heading, pitch, and roll misalignments, respectively, when running a circular survey around a seabed transponder. The positioning errors introduced by the angular misalignments outline an iterative scheme of estimating the roll alignment error first, next the heading alignment error, and then finally the pitch alignment error. This makes possible the efficient estimation of all angular misalignments with a high degree of accuracy. With the consideration of measurement error and executing a non-centered and non-perfect circle around the true transponder position, numerical simulations are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is robust to the effects of measurement error, non-centered circles, and non-perfect circles. Moreover, the estimates converge fairly quickly, and can be achieved with good accuracy in only a few iterations. 相似文献
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A randomized kinodynamic path planning algorithm based on the incremental sampling-based method is proposed here as the state-of-the-art in this field applicable in an autonomous underwater vehicle. Designing a feasible path for this vehicle from an initial position and velocity to a target position and velocity in three-dimensional spaces by considering the kinematic constraints such as obstacles avoidance and dynamic constraints such as hard bounds and non-holonomic characteristic of AUV are the main motivation of this research. For this purpose, a closed-loop rapidly-exploring random tree (CL-RRT) algorithm is presented. This CL-RRT consists of three tightly coupled components: a RRT algorithm, three fuzzy proportional-derivative controllers for heading and diving control and a six degree-of-freedom nonlinear AUV model. The branches of CL-RRT are expanded in the configuration space by considering the kinodynamic constraints of AUV. The feasibility of each branch and random offspring vertex in the CL-RRT is checked against the mentioned constraints of AUV. Next, if the planned branch is feasible by the AUV, then the control signals and related vertex are recorded through the path planner to design the final path. This proposed algorithm is implemented on a single board computer (SBC) through the xPC Target and then four test-cases are designed in 3D space. The results of the processor-in-the-loop tests are compared by the conventional RRT and indicate that the proposed CL-RRT not only in a rapid manner plans an initial path, but also the planned path is feasible by the AUV. 相似文献
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研究移动机器人在狭窄通道环境下的定位和路径规划问题。首先,根据在书架和图书上预置的射频识别(RFID)标签,利用RFID技术提出了确定书库管理机器人位置和姿态的方法。然后,根据书库的书架间通道狭窄的特点,将书库管理机器人的行驶状态分解为匀速直线运动和原地匀速旋转运动,并给出了机器人匀速直线运动和原地匀速旋转运动的用时模型。最后,提出一种书库管理机器人从任意起始位置和姿态到达任意目标位置的最小用时路径规划算法。仿真结果表明,本文提出的路径规划算法是有效的。 相似文献
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This paper presents a method for tracking a distant moving target using only bearing measurements obtained from a tracking platform. The method is an improvement of the Hinich-Bloom passive tracking approach presented in [1]. The target is assumed to be moving at constant speed on a fixed heading, whereas the platform maneuvers during the measurement period. The direction cosines of the bearings are computed with respect to a rotation of the coordinate system that places 0° at the mean estimated target bearing. This is done to minimize the approximation bias due to the linearization of sine bearing as a function of inverse range and time. The coordinate system is rotated back to estimate the target coordinates. When the noise is Gaussian, the estimates of target range and heading are approximately maximum likelihood when the target's relative range is slowly varying during the observation period. In this case the mean square errors of the target parameter estimates are the smallest achievable within the order of the approximation. 相似文献