共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
单晶高温合金展现出优越的抗疲劳性能和高温蠕变性能,广泛应用于航空发动机和燃气轮机的热端部件。但是,其制备过程中会产生晶体取向偏离、杂晶等缺陷。目前国际上已经普遍使用X射线劳埃衍射技术对单晶叶片的晶体缺陷进行无损检测,但是这种检测方法主要依赖人工识别,效率低,结果可重复性差,不适合批量化检测。本文结合工程需要,提出对劳埃衍射斑点进行自动识别的算法,主要包括衍射图样的预处理、轮廓检测、轮廓形态筛选及轮廓符合检测等。该算法能够自动检测出衍射图样上的衍射斑点,并最终给出斑点的位置坐标数据及其误差。根据衍射斑点的位置,通过衍射分析算法,计算出单晶叶片上的晶体取向,并最终对叶片的晶体缺陷给出综合评价。 相似文献
2.
线阵列X射线探测器是X射线安全检查设备的核心部件,X射线探测器测试仪是针对安检设备的基础部件—X射线闪烁探测器的信号增益、本底噪声信号、相邻像素信号串扰等性能指标进行测试而设计的基础部件专用测试仪器。本文简要论述X射线探测器测试仪的功能和关键技术,介绍一种手动微调探测器测试仪的设计。该测试仪已经应用于X射线探测器的测试,文中列出了部分测试结果。 相似文献
3.
风云二号系列卫星以自旋稳定方式工作于地球静止轨道,太阳X射线探测器是该系列卫星的重要有效载荷,监测太阳耀斑爆发过程,并对太阳质子事件等灾害性的空间天气事件进行预警.卫星自旋一周,该探测器完成一次全日面观测,记录太阳X射线的能谱与流量.2012年初,太阳活动进入第24周峰年,风云二号卫星太阳X射线探测器的在轨运行取得了良好的观测结果.相比于过去的太阳X射线探测器,风云二号F星的太阳X射线探测器应用了硅漂移探测(Silicon Drift Detector,SDD)技术,对GEO轨道海量的高能带电粒子采取了有效的屏蔽措施,可以对更"软"的X射线进行观测,能谱分辨率本领达到国际先进水平,对太阳耀斑的量化定级精度更高,在轨初步观测结果表明,精确的能谱探测能力可提高太阳质子事件预警能力,能道响应的时间特性比过去的探测数据更准确地反映了太阳耀斑的加热过程和带电粒子加速特性.本文介绍了风云二号F星太阳X射线探测器的设计及其发射前的标定试验结果,并且对发射后在轨运行获得的初步探测成果进行分析和讨论. 相似文献
4.
双能X射线骨密度仪系统具有测量精度高、时间短、剂量低等独特优势,是目前X射线骨密度测定技术的“金标准”。本文采用半导体CdZnTe探测器模块搭建半导体光子计数骨密度能谱测量平台,针对CdZnTe半导体探测器信号特点,使用移动最小二乘算法进行不同材料高低能拟合校正。移动最小二乘算法通过权函数改变目标数据点周围节点对其影响程度,可以让数据点的拟合方向更具灵活性。研究分析移动最小二乘算法对双能X射线骨密度测量数值的数据处理流程,完成基于移动最小二乘高低能拟合校正算法的骨密度测量实验。实验结果表明,本文所设计实现的基于移动最小二乘算法的骨密度双能拟合技术在实际应用中能达到较好的拟合误差精度,其中探测器像素单元在高能条件下拟合平均误差为0.032%,低能条件下拟合平均误差为0.036%。进一步数据分析表明,边缘像素单元与中心像素单元在高低能条件下的拟合误差差异仅为0.012%和0.011%。该算法能够有效提高半导体光子计数探测器的骨密度测量精度,降低探测器边缘像素单元信号不均匀性差异带来的误差影响,对目前线阵或面阵光子计数半导体探测器像素差异对骨密度诊断的影响具有良好的改善作用。 相似文献
5.
在X射线断层扫描(X-ray CT)成像过程中,经常会出现射线源、样品和探测器三者之间的相对移动,导致采集的投影图像(Projection image)以及亮场图像(flat field image)的空间位置配准关系出现偏差。这直接影响了投影图像背景的正常扣除,以及后续的CT图像重建。本文利用互相关方法,求出各投影图像背景与探测器原始采集位置之间的不一致量。然后将投影图像和亮场图像作相应变换,最后扣除背景得到校准后的图像。由于该方法对图像灰度较为敏感,所以在对实际样品校准之前,本文先对该样品投影图像及亮场图像进行了照度归一化。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效校正由射线源、样品和探测器之间相对移动造成的CT投影图像背景不一致,获得较好的CT投影图像和重建切片。 相似文献
6.
随着探测器技术的发展,具有能量分辨能力的光子计数探测器在X射线能谱CT成像中应用越来越广泛。能量与阈值的对应关系对能谱CT成像具有重要意义,受到实验条件的限制,目前的光子计数探测器的能量标定方法有一定的局限性。针对光子计数探测器的单像素标定问题,本文提出一种基于X射线光机连续谱的能量标定方法,通过建立和分析X光谱模型,利用光机连续谱中高能端的能量信息,得到阈值与能量之间的关系。实验结果表明该方法操作方便,对探测器单像素标定结果较为准确,对其他类型光子计数探测器的标定具有参考意义。 相似文献
7.
多能谱X射线成像技术及其在CT中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着探测器技术的不断发展,具有能谱分辨能力的光子计数探测器成为人们研究的焦点,并在X射线成像领域开始得到应用.使用该种探测器,可以将具有较宽能谱分布的X射线分为不同的能区分别进行计数,获得详细的能谱信息及不同能量射线的衰减信息,由此引出了"多能谱成像"的概念.本义介绍了近些年来光子计数探测器技术的发展及其在X射线成像中... 相似文献
8.
本文的目的是评估光子计数探测器对CT成像的性能的影响,我们对一款基于碲锌镉(CZT)的光子计数探测器进行了性能测试,并搭建一个成像平台。首先对探测器系统进行能量增益的校正以及坏像素点校正,以减少探测器响应的不均匀性对CT成像的影响。然后对探测器进行能量-阈值标定,以确定探测器的工作能量阈值。最终搭建成像系统,对X光能量分别大于36和45keV的数据,获得了模体的重建结果,并对结果进行了分析。 相似文献
9.
在CT中,前置于患者的衰减器（"Bowtie滤波器"或"Bowtie"）被用来减少患者所受的辐射剂量和帮助满足探测器的动态范围,同时Bowtie也能提高CT图像质量。传统的静态滤波器对调制X射线能力有限,我们之前提出了一种能够有效调制X射线的动态Bowtie滤波器。本文使用蒙特卡罗模拟方法设计和研究提议动态Bowtie滤波器。首先,建立了一个仿真框架,包括一个目标试样和一个由反射靶生成的多能谱射线源。接着,一个设计试样被用来辅助设计针对于目标试样的动态Bowtie滤波器。最后,我们分别从没有Bowtie滤波器和带有动态Bowtie滤波器两种模式中,模拟获得两个试样的投影数据并进行分析研究。结果显示,在设计的动态Bowtie作用下,到达探测器的X射线动态范围明显减小、X射线光子通量一致性很好,并且动态Bowtie可以减小辐射剂量和提高CT图像质量。 相似文献
10.
利用资源一号卫星和神舟二号留轨舱上搭载的高能粒子探测设备对2001年2～6月同一时段内的资料进行了对比分析. 神舟二号飞船X射线探测器的观测结果反映的空间高能电子的分布, 表明在400km的较低高度上, 地理纬度40°附近以及SAA地区也可以观测到数百keV的高能电子. 资源一号卫星的探测结果显示了在800km高度附近, 同一时段内若干兆电子伏特的高能电子的全球分布. 后者出现的最低地理纬度和相应的经度位置则和前者是一致的, 说明两个高度上高能粒子的分布仍然都受地磁场控制, 粒子主要来源于地球辐射带. 资源一号卫星高能粒子探测器的能挡与神舟二号飞船X射线探测器的能挡不同, 彼此可以较好地补充. 但由于神舟二号轨道倾角较低, 全面的对比也受到一定的局限, 在进一步深入分析现有资料的同时, 可以在本文基础上设计更好的联合探测方案. 相似文献
11.
在济南辉长岩的三轴压缩实验(3=1.3kb)中, 通过显微镜观测了岩石内部微裂纹的发展.实验结果说明, 在低应力状态下, 微裂纹主要出现在岩石矿物结晶颗粒内部, 其方向主要取决于矿物颗粒的结晶学形态.当应力达到岩石强度80%左右时, 在样品中部某一对角线附近, 微裂纹密度较高, 出现一些穿过几个矿物颗粒的微断层.微断层的取向与外力应力场有明显的关系, 一般与1成40左右的夹角.本实验还同时测量了样品弹性波的速度(Vp, Vs)和体积变化.实验表明, 岩石内部微裂纹的发展以及微裂纹对岩石物理性质所产生的影响, 是与晶体颗粒的尺度有关. 相似文献
12.
结合断层气测量，对压电晶体吸附检测器检测气体浓度的基本原理、测量装置、石英晶片选择、测量气室构型、气体进样方式、化学涂层物质的选择、涂层的制备、载气的选择、水汽及其它气体的干扰影响及消除等作了较详尽的论述，并简略介绍了目前利用压电晶体吸附检测器实现气体测量的气体种类、所用涂层物质、干扰情况及所能达到的精度。指出压电晶体吸附检测器具有灵敏度高，气体选择性好，装置简单，易于实现现场连续监测等优点，将其 相似文献
13.
Waruntorn Kanitpanyacharoen Hans‐Rudolf Wenk Frans Kets Christian Lehr Richard Wirth 《Geophysical Prospecting》2011,59(3):536-556
Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, microtomography and ultrasonic velocity measurements were used to characterize microstructures and anisotropy of three deeply buried Qusaiba shales from the Rub’al‐Khali basin, Saudi Arabia. Kaolinite, illite‐smectite, illite‐mica and chlorite show strong preferred orientation with (001) pole figure maxima perpendicular to the bedding plane ranging from 2.4–6.8 multiples of a random distribution (m.r.d.). Quartz, feldspars and pyrite crystals have a random orientation distribution. Elastic properties of the polyphase aggregate are calculated by averaging the single crystal elastic properties over the orientation distribution, assuming a nonporous material. The average calculated bulk P‐wave velocities are 6.2 km/s (maximum) and 5.5 km/s (minimum), resulting in a P‐wave anisotropy of 12%. The calculated velocities are compared with those determined from ultrasonic velocity measurements on a similar sample. In the ultrasonic experiment, which measures the effects of the shale matrix as well as the effects of porosity, velocities are smaller (P‐wave maximum 5.3 km/s and minimum 4.1 km/s). The difference between calculated and measured velocities is attributed to the effects of anisotropic pore structure and to microfractures present in the sample, which have not been taken into account in the matrix averaging. 相似文献
14.
William A. Bassett 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1980,23(4):337-340
The Wilson electron synchrotron at Cornell University has recently undergone modifications which enable it to produce a highly collimated X-ray beam of 1015 photons (s mrad. 10% bandwidth)?1 in the range from 1 to 40 keV (12.4 to 0.31 Å wavelength). It is expected that a monochromatic beam produced from this source will have at least a hundred times the intensity of the X-rays from a rotating anode source. It is hoped that the use of a position-sensitive detector will improve the detection efficiency by another factor of a hundred over photographic film. If these improvements are realized, it should be possible to conduct real-time or nearly real-time diffraction experiments in the diamond anvil cell. The technique will be used to collect data for experiments in which slower data collecting would mean missing transient phenomena. The technique will also be useful for making studies during conditions that cause deterioration of the experimental apparatus such as graphitization of the diamonds or creep of the metal parts. 相似文献
15.
V. M. Pankov V. L. Prokhin N. G. Khavenson A. A. Gusev 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2009,49(8):1130-1132
The RPS-1 spectrometer on the board of the Coronas-F satellite detecting solar X-rays in the range of 3–31.5 keV using a CdTe
detector is described and some results of the observation of weak solar flares are presented. 相似文献
16.
Wesley McCall Thomas M. Christy Daniel Pipp Mads Terkelsen Anders Christensen Klaus Weber Peter Engelsen 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2014,34(2):85-95
The Membrane‐Interface Probe and Hydraulic Profiling Tool (MiHpt) is a direct push probe that includes both the membrane interface probe (MIP) and hydraulic profiling tool (HPT) sensors. These direct push logging tools were previously operated as separate logging systems for subsurface investigation in unconsolidated formations. By combining these two probes into one logging system the field operator obtains useful data about the distribution of both volatile organic contaminants (VOCs) and relative formation permeability in a single boring. MiHpt logging was conducted at a chlorinated VOC contaminated site in Skuldelev, Denmark, to evaluate performance of the system. Formation cores and discrete interval slug tests are used to assess use of the HPT and electrical conductivity (EC) logs for lithologic and hydrostratigraphic interpretation. Results of soil and groundwater sample analyses are compared to the adjacent MiHpt halogen specific detector (XSD) logs to evaluate performance of the system to define contaminant distribution and relative concentrations for the observed VOCs. Groundwater profile results at moderate to highly contaminated locations were found to correlate well with the MiHpt‐XSD detector responses. In general, soil sample results corresponded with detector responses. However, the analyses of saturated coarse‐grained soils at the site proved to be unreliable as demonstrated by high RPDs for duplicate samples. The authors believe that this is due to pore water drainage observed from these cores during sampling. Additionally, a cross section of HPT pressure and MiHpt‐XSD detector logs provides insight into local hydrostratigraphy and formation control on contaminant migration. 相似文献
17.
本文使用天然源超低频电磁探测仪对北京大学校园内两口地热井进行了超低频电磁探测试验,获得了1号地热井（京热119号井）连续五天、每天四个时刻的天然源超低频电磁探测数据以及2号地热井（京热168号井）单天的天然源超低频探测的数据.基于所获得的数据,开展了地热井的天然源超低频探测影响因素的研究,这些因素主要包括：天然源超低频电磁场和观测时间的关系、探头摆放方向与接收工频谐波干扰关系以及天气状况对观测数据质量的影响等.研究表明：(1)天然源超低频电磁探测信号存在明显的日夜交替变化,其中相对振幅-频率曲线在不同日期、同一邻近时刻总体的包络线具有较好的重复性和一定的稳定性;(2)工频谐波干扰场方向是影响因素之一,当仪器探头长轴方向与工频谐波干扰场的等效主轴方向平行时噪声影响最小;(3)雨天环境会对天然场源超低频信号中的高频部分造成较大影响. 相似文献
18.
Norman H. Gray Anthony R. Philpotts Loretta D. Dickson 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,121(3-4):293-312
Early in the crystallization of many tholeiitic basaltic magmas, plagioclase crystals cluster together into a 3-D cellular network, which forms a passive marker capable of recording the deformation that accompanies compaction of crystal mush. Although irregular in detail, the overall network is initially isotropic and only becomes anisotropic as a result of compaction. We have developed four independent methods to quantify the 3-D textural anisotropy of a basalt sample using at least three non-parallel thin sections. Three of the methods are based on the geometrical properties of digitized maps of the feldspar chain networks. One approach focuses on the angular variation of the mean intercept along parallel traverses through the network, another examines the orientation and size distribution of individual links, and the third considers the average shape of interstitial regions outlined by the plagioclase network. The fourth technique approximates the textural anisotropy by the variogram anisotropy of a scanned thin section image. We illustrate the methods using five oriented non-parallel thin sections from a sample of diabase 146 m above the base of the 300-m-thick Palisades sill of New Jersey. Compaction of crystal mush in this sill has previously been postulated on the basis of chemical evidence. The 3-D feldspar network anisotropy based on the first three approaches suggests nearly uniaxial compaction on the order of 8.6% in a direction within 3° of the intersection of the columnar joints at the sample site. A rigorous statistical test based on the statistics of elliptically contoured non-normal multivariate distributions documents that the link-vector distribution in vertical sections are statistically anisotropic at a 95% confidence level and that the overall compaction is 7.9±2.6%. The orientation and magnitude of the 3-D textural anisotropy determined by the image variogram of the non-opaque minerals is almost identical to the mean feldspar network anisotropy; 8.5% compaction in a direction 10° from the columnar joint intersections. The major silicate textural and feldspar network anisotropy axes both plunge almost directly down dip of the sill. On the other hand, the major axis of the variogram anisotropy of the opaque minerals is approximately parallel to the strike of the sill and to the major axis of the anisotropic magnetic susceptibility. The anisotropy of the silicate mineral fabric may reflect down-dip flow of a deformable melt-rich crystal mush, whereas the AMS and opaque textural anisotropy reflects the influence of gravitational stresses during the growth of magnetite in the final stages of melt crystallization. Evidently the Palisades sill was not originally horizontal but was intruded in an orientation close to its present attitude. 相似文献
19.
Weihua Zhang Pawel Mekarski Marc Bean Jing Yi Kurt Ungar 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2014,171(3-5):621-627
In this study, an optimized single-channel phoswich well detector design has been proposed and assessed in order to improve beta–gamma coincidence measurement sensitivity of xenon radioisotopes. This newly designed phoswich well detector consists of a plastic beta counting cell (BC404) embedded in a CsI (Tl) crystal coupled to a photomultiplier tube. The BC404 is configured in a cylindrical pipe shape to minimise light collection deterioration. The CsI (Tl) crystal consists of a rectangular part and a semi-cylinder scintillation part as a light reflector to increase light gathering. Compared with a PhosWatch detector, the final optimized detector geometry showed 15 % improvement in the energy resolution of a 131mXe 129.4 keV conversion electron peak. The predicted beta–gamma coincidence efficiencies of xenon radioisotopes have also been improved accordingly. 相似文献