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1.
大足石刻北山168窟为五百罗汉窟,开凿于1119年至1125年,窟高3.3m,宽3.14m,进深7.1m,是大足石刻中尺寸较大的一个重要洞窟。目前,168窟围岩裂隙风化病害十分严重,面临失稳坍塌的危险。为制定针对性的长久保护措施,需查明168窟围岩病害的现状。通过现场调查、物探、钻探等技术手段,获取了大足石刻北山168窟及邻近区域的工程地质条件。进一步,采用高频瑞雷波探测技术对168窟顶板岩体进行瑞雷波相速度成像,考虑168窟顶板岩体特定的围岩边界条件和场地工程地质条件,对洞窟顶板岩体瑞雷波相速度-深度成像剖面中的低速区分布进行成因分析和解译,揭示石窟顶板岩体风化现状和节理裂隙的发育情况。为分析评价洞窟围岩稳定性和石窟保护工程设计提供基础性地质资料和必要的计算参数,也为相关技术在文物保护工程的应用提供经验和借鉴。 相似文献
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弹性波层析成像技术简称“弹性波CT扫描”,是在不损坏物体的前提下,利用弹性波射线穿透地层时,其走时及振幅与地层内部的某些物理参数存在线性积分关系的这一关键特征,反演地层内部三维速度结构或衰减特性的方法。本文基于弹性波CT技术,通过孔间岩体慢度反演,综合钻孔编录及工程现场情况,对承德市半壁山危岩体中破裂发育情况进行综合解译,测定岩体破裂发育的位置和规模。实践证明,采用弹性波CT方法探测得到的破裂位置与钻孔揭露的情况吻合,为危岩体的整治提供了依据。 相似文献
3.
本文以地铁深基坑岩体边坡为研究对象,采用弹性波CT初步判断基坑岩体病害的类型及空间分布并辅以地质雷达进行验证;进而用分水岭算法分析弹性波CT获得的波速分布,以提取病害处的细部声速变化,圈定病害范围;在此基础上,以弹性波CT三维空间波速数据库的坐标信息为基础,结合分水岭算法得到的空间坐标信息获得建模数据库,导入GOCAD... 相似文献
4.
天然源面波勘探技术具有无需震源、勘探深度大、抗干扰能力强等特点。目前天然源面波法的应用研究主要以空旷的远郊区为主,在城市勘察中的应用效果研究较少。本文分别以北京冬奥会综合管廊工程岩体接触带勘察、南水北调配套工程断层破碎带勘察、北京深部排蓄廊道工程覆盖层厚度勘察为例,分析天然源面波技术在城市工程勘察中的应用效果,说明天然源面波技术在中深部勘探中的应用潜力,在城市地球物理勘探中,尤其是地下空间勘探中更有着不可替代的重要作用。 相似文献
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CT技术在地球物理主要应用中分为电磁波CT和弹性波CT,基于射线追踪理论的弹性波层析成像技术是重要的工程物探方法之一,在工程质量检测、工程勘察等领域得到了广泛的应用。该研究经过实践总结了一整套较为高效的后处理流程,开发了数据预处理软件,使得后处理工作量得到降低,给其他研究人员提供一种处理思路和方法。 相似文献
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电磁波层析成像技术在复杂地质边坡工程勘察中的应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
复杂的边坡工程地质条件决定了建设摩崖石刻工程的位置和规模,但边坡上发育的崩塌、坠石等地质灾害和多变的地形地貌条件严重影响了边坡地质工程勘察的安全性、准确性和勘察技术方法的有效性,本文应用孔间电磁波层析成像技术探测和评价边坡工程内破碎带、岩溶以及岩体完整性变化等地质工程问题以及地质解释的关键技术.电磁波衰减特征及电磁波衰减吸收系数的变化趋势和异常结构特征可以有效地反映边坡岩体内节理发育带、岩溶以及场区具控制作用的溶蚀断裂带的发育深度及影响范围,评价边坡岩体完整性的垂向分带和空间分区特征,为边坡工程建造提供科学依据. 相似文献
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应用地震波速CT和吸收CT相结合的方法对山东省招远市界河金矿隐伏采空区进行了联合探测研究．波速CT是利用地震波走时资料反演地质体内部波速结构;吸收CT是通过能量变化观测反演吸收系数分布．地震波速对岩性敏感,吸收系数与岩石的完整性关系更密切在界河金矿采空区探测中利用地震波速和吸收系数为层析物理量,在巷道和地表间进行透射观测,以优于2m的分辨率清楚地揭示了测区内采空区和断裂破碎带的分布,探测结果已被后期的采掘所证实．探测的成功为解决同类问题提供了一种可行的方案,对促进工程地球物理探测技术的发展也有重要意义． 相似文献
8.
城市地铁工程中经常遇到岩溶等不良地质现象,勘察阶段需要查明其发育的位置及规模。然而,地下岩溶分布的隐蔽性、城市环境的复杂性使得岩溶勘察具有相当大的难度。本文采用综合物探方法对南京某地铁工程的岩溶发育情况进行了探查,分析以等值反磁通瞬变电磁法、弹性波CT法为主的综合物探方法在岩溶探测中的应用效果。 相似文献
9.
用于土坝体隐患探测中的弹性波波媒主要包括纵波、横波、表面波等等,由于组成土坝体不同介质结构特有的弹性波波速特性,选择横波作为弹性波勘探的波媒具有比纵波优越的地球物理前提条件,而且通常具有能量强、分辨率高、波成分相对简单、易于对比分辨(极性特征)等特点;当然,横波具有主频频率低、激发效率低等不利特征.但综合来看,在土坝体隐患探测中,选择弹性波勘探方法,还是以横波作为波媒具有明显优势. 相似文献
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深部岩体处于"三高"环境下,表现出不同于浅埋岩体的性质,其变形破裂规律更为复杂(分区破裂、片帮、塑性流动、岩爆等),为了准确描绘深部隧道围岩变形破裂规律,采用PFC从微观角度研究深部岩体的宏观响应。研究发现:随着隧道埋深增加,压力增大,由浅部围岩表面塑性破坏变为深部围岩破裂扩展,破裂区域呈交替分区破裂向深部发展,破裂区的间距与岩性和埋深有关;从横断面看,拱腰先出现破裂,然后拱脚出现破裂,最后贯通形成破裂区;若围岩表面施加外力,破裂区域减小,分区向深部移动,因此预应力锚杆有效地改善了围岩承载特性;研究结果与模型试验吻合,符合深部岩体卸荷作用下的变形破坏规律。结论可为深部岩体工程设计施工提供参考。 相似文献
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O. A. Khachai 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2007,43(4):325-330
Results of five-year electromagnetic monitoring of a rock mass of the Tashtagol mine are presented. The introduction of the interval intensity parameter for disintegration zones is shown to be instrumental in the numerical classification of the rock mass state in terms of three gradations: stable, unstable, and intermediate. Disintegration zones of stable and unstable rock masses are shown to differ in spatial dynamics. 相似文献
13.
As the economy of China develops, an increasing number of key traffic projects have been undertaken in the west of China, where there are high, steep rock slopes. The collapse of dangerous rock masses, especially following a strong earthquake, is one of common geological disasters known in rock slope engineering. Therefore, it is important to study the collapse mechanism of dangerous rock masses induced by an earthquake and the analysis approach of its stability. This study provides a simple and convenient method to determine the collapse mechanisms of two types of dangerous rock masses (i.e. cantilever and upright) associated with the definition and calculation of the safety factor, which is based on the flexure theory of a constant-section beam by combining with the maximum tensile-stress criterion to depict the process of crack propagation caused by seismic waves. The calculation results show that there are critical crack depths in each form of the dangerous rock masses. Once the accumulated depth of the crack growth during an earthquake exceeds the critical depth, the collapse will occur. It is also demonstrated that the crack extension amount of each step is not a constant value, and is closely associated with the current accumulated crack depth. The greater the cumulative crack depth, the more easily the crack propagates. Finally, the validity and applicability of the proposed method are verified through two actual engineering examples. 相似文献
14.
文中以甘肃北山花岗岩中发育的构造裂隙(主要指节理)为研究对象,通过野外裂隙调查,应用传统的概率统计方法与分形几何学理论,利用Mapinfo,ArcGIS平台进行裂隙几何学参数(方位、长度、密度等)的统计、计算和裂隙网络的空间结构分析,研究花岗岩岩体中裂隙的几何学特征。并以此为基础,对甘肃北山花岗岩岩体质量优劣进行初步评价。结果表明:在10～200cm范围内,裂隙网络是分形的;5个测点裂隙网络的分维值分别是1.636,1.548,1.596,1.724,1.604。分维数D不仅能刻画岩体中结构面发育的数量,而且能反映结构面在岩体中分布的均匀程度和交切方式。因此,可以表征岩体的质量优劣,对岩体质量进行分级。按照分维所划分的岩体质量分级,北山花岗岩属于裂隙较发育、岩体质量等级一般的岩体 相似文献
15.
《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2007,61(1):16-38
Unstable rocky slopes are major hazards to the growing number of people that live and travel though mountainous regions. To construct effective barriers to falling rock, it is necessary to know the positions, dimensions and shapes of structures along which failure may occur. To investigate an unstable mountain slope distinguished by numerous open fracture zones, we have taken advantage of three moderately deep (51.0–120.8 m) boreholes to acquire geophysical logs and record single-hole radar, vertical radar profiling (VRP) and crosshole radar data. We observed spallation zones, displacements and borehole radar velocity and amplitude anomalies at 16 of the 46 discontinuities identified in the borehole optical televiewer images. The results of the VRP and crosshole experiments were disappointing at our study site; the source of only one VRP reflection was determined and the crosshole velocity and amplitude tomograms were remarkably featureless. In contrast, much useful structural information was provided by the single-hole radar experiments. Radar reflections were recorded from many surface and borehole fracture zones, demonstrating that the strong electrical property contrasts of these features extended some distance into the adjacent rock mass. The single-hole radar data suggested possible connections between 6 surface and 4 borehole fractures and led to the discovery of 5 additional near-surface fracture zones. Of particular importance, they supplied key details on the subsurface geometries and minimum subsurface lengths of 8 of the 10 previously known surface fracture zones and all of the newly discovered ones. The vast majority of surface fracture zones extended at least 40–60 m into the subsurface, demonstrating that their depth and surface dimensions are comparable. 相似文献
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C.C. Davison 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1984,4(4):95-102
Atomic Energy of Canada Limited is constructing an Underground Research Laboratory (URL) at a depth of 250m in a plutonic rock body near Lac du Bonnet, Manitoba. The facility is being constructed to carry out a variety of in situ geotechnical experiments as part of the Canadian Nuclear Fuel Waste Management Program. A unique feature of the URL, in comparison to other similar facilities such as the Stripa Mine in Sweden, is that it is to be constructed below the ground water table in a previously undisturbed plutonic rock body. One of the main research objectives of the project is to develop and validate comprehensive three-dimensional models of the hydrogeology of the rock mass encompassing the URL site. These models will be used, before excavation of the URL shaft begins, to predict the hydrogeological perturbation that will be created by the excavation of the shaft and the horizontal working levels below the ground water table. As a model-validation exercise, these drawdown predictions will be compared with actual hydrogeological perturbations that will be monitored at the study area over the next several years by an extensive network of instrumented boreholes. Measurements made in an array of boreholes extending to depths of 1,000m on the 4.8 km2 study area have established that the permeability distribution in three major extensive subhorizontal fracture zones controls the movement of ground water within the rock mass. Several types of multiple-interval completion systems have been installed in the boreholes to monitor the three-dimensional, physico-chemical hydrogeological conditions within the fractured rock mass. These include conventional piezometer nests and water-table wells that have been installed in shallow holes (less than 30m deep), and multiple-packer/ multiple-standpipe piezometers and multiple-interval casing systems installed in deeper holes (30 to 1,000m deep). An automated, electronic, piezometric pressure-monitoring system has been designed to collect continuous measurements from 75 isolated hydrogeological monitoring positions within the rock mass. Another 200 positions are being monitored frequently using a variety of techniques. Piezometric data have been collected from this monitoring network to establish baseline conditions prior to any excavation into the rock mass. These data have also been used to determine the steady-state, three-dimensional ground water flow regimes that exist at the URL site under natural conditions. 相似文献
18.
A systematic investigation of the effect of configurations of stochastically distributed fracture networks on hydraulic behaviour for fractured rock masses could provide either quantitative or qualitative correlation between the structural configuration of the fracture network and its corresponding hydraulic behaviour, and enhance our understanding of appropriate application of groundwater flow and contaminant transport modelling in fractured rock masses. In this study, the effect of block sizes, intersection angles of fracture sets, standard deviations of fracture orientation, and fracture densities on directional block hydraulic conductivity and representative elementary volume is systematically investigated in two dimensions by implementing a numerical discrete fracture fluid flow model and incorporating stochastically distributed fracture configurations. It is shown from this investigation that the configuration of a stochastically distributed fracture network has a significant quantitative or qualitative effect on the hydraulic behaviour of fractured rock masses. Compared with the deterministic fracture configurations that have been extensively dealt with in a previous study, this investigation is expected to be more practical and adequate, since fracture geometry parameters are inherently stochastically distributed in the field. Moreover, the methodology and approach presented in this study may be generally applied to any fracture system in investigating the hydraulic behaviours from configurations of the fracture system while establishing a ‘bridge’ from the discrete fracture network flow modelling to equivalent continuum modelling in fractured rock masses. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
Excavation induced seismic events with moment magnitudesM<0 are examined in an attempt to determine the role geology, excavation geometry, and stress have on scaling relations. Correlations are established based on accurate measurements of excavation geometry and methodology, stress regime, rock mass structure, local tectonics, and seismic locations. Scaling relations incorporated seismic moments and source radii obtained by spectral analysis, accounting for source, propagation, and site effects, and using Madariaga's dynamic circular fault model. Observations suggest that the interaction of stresses with pre-existing fractures, fracture complexity and depth of events are the main factors influencing source characteristics and scaling behaviour. Self-similar relationships were found for events at similar depths or for weakly structured rock masses with reduced clamping stresses, whereas a non-similar behaviour was found for events with increasing depth or for heavily fractured zones under stress confinement. Additionally, the scaling behaviour for combined data sets tended to mask the non-similar trends. Overall, depth and fracture complexity, initially thought as second order effects, appear to significantly influence source characteristics of seismic events withM<0 and consequently favour a non-similar earthquake generation process. 相似文献