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四溴双酚A (TBBPA)是一种持久性有机污染物(Persistent Organic Pollutants),广泛存在于空气、水体、土壤以及沉积物中。本研究选取海洋桡足类日本虎斑猛水蚤(Tigriopus japonicus)为模式生物,以1/10 96h-LC_(50)为实验浓度,研究了饵料暴露和水体暴露两种暴露方式下TBBPA对日本虎斑猛水蚤的毒性影响。结果显示,两种暴露方式下日本虎斑猛水蚤无节幼虫变态率均在90%以上(P0.05)。水体暴露组日本虎斑猛水蚤的发育和生殖没有受到显著影响(P0.05),而饵料暴露组日本虎斑猛水蚤无节幼虫发育至成体的时间、第一只挂卵雌体出现的时间以及产卵量均受到显著影响(P0.05)。这表明TBBPA能对日本虎斑猛水蚤的发育繁殖产生影响,暴露方式会影响其毒性效应,日本虎斑猛水蚤更易受到饵料中TBBPA的影响。 相似文献
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海水酸化对日角猛水蚤和日本虎斑猛水蚤摄食率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以日角猛水蚤(Tisbe sp.)和日本虎斑猛水蚤(Tigriopus japonicus)为试验生物,采用高纯度CO_2和空气的混合气体调配试验所需酸化海水(pH值8.10、7.70、7.30、6.90、6.50),研究了海水酸化对2种桡足类摄食率的影响。海水酸化对日角猛水蚤摄食率的影响极显著(P0.01),对日本虎斑猛水蚤摄食率的影响显著(P0.05)。2种猛水蚤的摄食率随着海水pH值的下降呈现不同的变化趋势:日角猛水蚤的摄食率在pH值8.10和7.70时保持稳定,之后显著下降,而日本虎斑猛水蚤摄食率在pH8.10~7.30之间保持稳定,之后却显著上升。研究结果表明海水酸化对桡足类摄食率的影响具有物种差异,来自不同生境类型的桡足类对酸化的耐受能力也有所不同。 相似文献
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抑食金球藻(Aureococus anophagefferens)可以形成褐潮, 并对贝类、浮游动物等多种生物均能造成不利影响。为进一步探究抑食金球藻对浮游动物的影响, 本文以日本虎斑猛水蚤(Tigriopus japonicus)为实验生物, 研究抑食金球藻对日本虎斑猛水蚤摄食、存活、生长发育以及繁殖的影响。日本虎斑猛水蚤具有易于在实验室培养、生长周期短、雌雄异体等优点, 是海洋毒性污染物检测的模式生物。实验利用高效液相色谱分析方法, 在日本虎斑猛水蚤体内色素中检测到了抑食金球藻的特征色素19’-丁酰氧基岩藻黄素(But-fuco), 表明日本虎斑猛水蚤能够摄食抑食金球藻。当微藻生物量(相对碳含量)分别同为0.7 μg/mL和7.2 μg/mL时, 在抑食金球藻中无节幼体发育至桡足幼体及成体的存活率均高于以青岛大扁藻为饵料的对照组, 但无显著差异, 并且在前者中无节幼体的发育时间显著低于后者, 12 d内雌体的产卵次数与产卵量显著高于后者。结果表明, 日本虎斑猛水蚤在抑食金球藻中能进行正常的生命活动, 并且是首次报导的一种能够在抑食金球藻中正常摄食、生存、生长发育和繁殖的浮游动物。因此, 当褐潮发生时, 由于贝类幼体等生物会受到显著的不利影响, 日本虎斑猛水蚤等抗性较强的生物可能会成为优势种, 从而会影响浮游动物群落结构的组成, 进而可能会使整个海洋生态系统发生变化。本研究有助于全面了解褐潮对海洋生态系统的影响。 相似文献
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为探讨四溴双酚A(TBBPA)对海洋桡足类的毒性效应,本文运用实验生态学方法及组织切片和透射电子显微镜技术,从个体、组织和细胞三个层次研究了TBBPA对日本虎斑猛水蚤(Tigriopus japonicus)生殖的影响。结果显示:经不同浓度TBBPA单世代暴露后,221.15、442.30μg·L~(-1) TBBPA组日本虎斑猛水蚤的首次抱卵时间显著延长、性别比显著升高;自首次抱卵时间开始10d内,各浓度组卵囊发育时间和抱卵次数均未受到显著影响,低浓度组雌体产卵量显著升高。此外,经TBBPA暴露后,各浓度组日本虎斑猛水蚤卵巢组织形态良好未发生明显病变。低浓度组卵母细胞的超微结构良好,而221.15、442.30μg·L~(-1) TBBPA组卵母细胞的部分超微结构发生明显改变,如内线粒体内嵴溶解,卵黄膜溶解、卵黄颗粒变形等现象,且随TBBPA浓度升高,超微结构受损程度呈递增趋势。研究表明:TBBPA不仅在个体水平对日本虎斑猛水蚤的生殖造成影响,还在细胞水平显著改变日本虎斑猛水蚤卵母细胞的超微结构,具有显著的毒性效应。 相似文献
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大气中二氧化碳浓度增加造成海洋酸化并改变海洋化学环境,可能对海洋生物造成不利影响。桡足类是海洋生态系统中重要的次级生产者,研究桡足类如何应对海洋酸化的影响对海洋生态风险评估具有重要作用。本文分别在自然海水(pH 8.1,对照)和二氧化碳酸化海水(pH 7.3)条件下培养日本虎斑猛水蚤(Tigriopus japonicus Mori,1938),研究海水酸化对其发育、繁殖以及ATP酶活性的影响效应。结果显示,海水酸化能使日本虎斑猛水蚤无节幼体发育时间显著延长并使雌体产生的无节幼体数量显著减少,Na^+/K^+-ATP酶和Ca2+-ATP酶活性在酸化条件下均显著增强。研究结果表明,海水酸化胁迫下日本虎斑猛水蚤能量消耗增加,应用于发育和繁殖的能量可能减少,从而引起早期幼体发育延滞和雌体繁殖力下降的负面反应。 相似文献
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为研究不同温度下四溴双酚A(TBBPA)对桡足类的影响,以日本虎斑猛水蚤(Tigriopus japonicus)为受试生物,探究了温度影响下TBBPA对日本虎斑猛水蚤摄食、滤水、产粪的影响以及在其体内的富集情况。结果显示,毒性暴露24h后,摄食率和滤水率随TBBPA浓度的升高均有不同程度的变化;随温度升高,摄食率和滤水率先升高后降低。产粪粒数在各浓度组间具有显著差异(p<0.05);随温度升高,产粪粒数逐渐升高,18℃与其余两温度组差异显著(P<0.05)。TBBPA持续暴露两世代后,生物富集量随着TBBPA浓度的升高显著增加(p<0.05),且F1代比F0代富集量大;随温度升高,生物富集量先降低后升高,在20℃最小。生物富集因子(BAF)随着TBBPA浓度的升高而降低,且具有世代效应;随温度升高,生物富集因子先降低后升高。其中,BAF的范围在13.26×10~3～24.58×10~3,表明日本虎斑猛水蚤对TBBPA具有较强的生物富集性(BAF>5 000)。 相似文献
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蒙古裸腹生产性培育的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
蒙古裸腹 (Moinamongolica)大小适宜(560～1360μm),营养丰富,蛋白质含量(干重)达55.7%,脂肪含量高达35.3%,并具有较高的海水鱼虾所必需的高度不饱和脂肪酸含量,与日本虎斑猛水蚤(Trigriopusjaponicus)相当[1]。其繁殖能力强,对环境耐受力高,人工养殖能达到一定的密度,是一种很有开发价值的海水鱼虾活饵料[2,3]。本文初步研究了该 的大量培养技术。1 材料与方法1.1 种来源与试验条件种 自1995年从孟加拉国海水虾池采回后,经室内不断扩大培养形成一定群体。试验在3个6m×4m×1.5m的室内水泥池中进行,每池布8个气石。采用砂滤海水和地… 相似文献
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本文为中美“长江口及邻近水域海洋沉积作用”联合研究的组成部分。作者根据1981年8月和11月采集的沉积样品，分析了小型底栖桡足类和动吻类的栖息密度和种类组成，作为东海小型动物(长度小于1mm的底栖后生动物)种类丰度和个体密度的第一个标志。
以往，Ito (1981)及其所引文献曾对日本猛水蚤类进行了分类学研究。沈嘉瑞等(1956)、郑重等(1965)和陈清潮等(1974)报道过中国近海猛水蚤类。陆鼎恒(1934)记述了黄海山东半岛北岸动吻类的一个新种。然而关于中国近海小型动物的定量研究资料，过去尚无报道。
本文目的是对东海猛水蚤桡足类和动吻类组合进行初步描述，并同中美联合研究所汇集的物理水文资料进行比较。 相似文献
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初步研究了一定粒径的转炉钢渣对日本对虾（Penaeus japonicus）幼虾和中国明对虾（fenneropenaeus chinensis）幼虾的急性毒性效应。实验结果显示，当钢渣质量浓度为1.8g／L时，日本对虾幼虾96h的最高死亡率为33．33％；随着钢渣质量浓度的增加，死亡率增高；当钢渣质量浓度为18g／L时，其96h的最大死亡率达到了75％。相对于日本对虾幼虾，钢渣质量浓度为18g／L时中国明对虾幼虾96h的最高死亡率只有36．67％。运用直线内插法求出钢渣对日本对虾幼虾96h半致死浓度为1．62g／L，钢渣对日本对虾的安全浓度为0．162g／L，而在实验条件下中国明对虾幼虾的半致死浓度要明显高于日本对虾幼虾。 相似文献
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为了解和探讨3~5环PAHs对海水鱼类胚胎发育的毒性及作用方式,比较研究了菲(phenanthrene,Phe)、芘(pyrene,Py)、苯并(a)芘(benzo(a)pyrene,BaP)单一暴露和三者各自与α-萘黄酮(α-naphthoflavone,ANF)联合暴露对海水青鳉(marine medaka, Oryzias melastigma)胚胎发育的毒性效应。胚胎体内EROD活性、发育畸形、孵化率和心律等毒性指标被测定,结果显示:Phe,Py和BaP对海水青鳉胚胎体内EROD活性的诱导能力大小为BaP>Py>Phe,各化合物对EROD诱导与发育畸形之间的关系较为复杂,除Phe所引起的EROD诱导与畸形指数之间呈显著相关(r=0.95,p=0.015)外,Py和BaP均无相关性;在100 μg/dm3 ANF影响下,CYP1A活性诱导被抑制,但胚胎发育的畸形指数被显著提高,ANF分别与Phe,Py和BaP的联合暴露对胚胎发育呈潜在的协同作用。本文研究初步表明,3~5环PAHs化合物对海水青鳉胚胎发育的毒性作用方式可能不同;CYP1A活性抑制在PAHs混合物对海水青鳉胚胎发育的毒性作用过程中未起到缓解毒性的作用,CYP1A抑制剂与PAH型CYP1A诱导剂的混合物对鱼类胚胎发育具有潜在的协同毒性作用,现有的PAHs混合物毒性风险评价方法可能低估了实际环境中PAHs的风险;海水青鳉早期生活阶段的心脏发育对PAHs混合物暴露较为敏感,可推荐其作为生物标志物指示PAHs或溢油污染。 相似文献
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DDT(dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) as a type of organochlorine pesticides, is an important component of pesticides pollution whose impact on the marine ecosystem is urgently to be evaluated. To investigate the biological effects of DDT on the marine ecosystem, copepods being the main contributor of secondary productivity in the marine ecosystem, were selected as target animals. The influence of DDT on the feeding, respiration, survival, and reproduction of Sinocalanus tenellus(S. tenellus) was analyzed and the antioxidant enzymes activities in the individuals were measured under different exposure concentrations of DDT. The 48 h median lethal concentration(LC50) and 96 h LC50 of DDT to S. tenellus were 5.44 and 2.50 μg/dm3, respectively. The filtration rates, grazing rates, and respiration of S. tenellus decreased apparently with increased DDT concentrations. Under lower concentration(625 ng/dm3) of DDT, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase and catalase in the animals increased significantly compared with those in the animals without any exposure to DDT, which suggested that the antioxidant enzymes can protect the animals from oxidative damage. However, the activity of the antioxidant enzyme decreased when the animals were exposed to higher concentration(1 250–2 500 ng/dm3) of DDT. The survival rate of both females and males was reduced when they were exposed to DDT less than 250 ng/dm3, but females showed higher survival rate than males when they are under the same concentration. The hatching ratio and the egg diameters of S. tenellus decreased significantly when they were exposed to DDT with a concentration of 25 and 250 ng/dm3, however, the cumulative egg production did not show any significant variation when the animals were exposed to the above DDT concentration. These data in the preset study suggested that exposure to DDT can cause the variation of the species composition of copepods, and further affect the marine ecosystem. 相似文献
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The influence of increased iron concentration on survival and growth of seedlings and young plants of eelgrass Zostera marina 
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下载免费PDF全文 Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient for plants but toxic at high concentrations. We subjected seedlings and young plants of eelgrass Zostera marina to different seawater iron concentrations (500, 600, 700, 800, 1,000 and 1,500 μg/L) for 30 days under controlled laboratory conditions. Natural seawater without added iron (500 μg/L) was used as reference seawater. No sediments were provided to avoid iron scavenging by particle surfaces in the sediment. We measured plant response in terms of survivorship, morphology, growth rate and productivity. Survival analysis combined with morphological, dynamic and productive assessment suggested that the optimum seawater iron concentration for the establishment of Z. marina seedlings and young plants is 700 μg/L. The no observed effect concentration, lowest observed effect concentration, lethal concentration that caused an increase in mortality to 10% of that of the control, and the effect concentration that caused a decrease in growth to 10% of that of the control values of young plants were significantly lower than those of seedlings, implying an increased sensitivity to high Fe concentrations (>1,000 μg/L). This study further develops our understanding of the physiological ecology of the early life stages of Z. marina and provides data that could prove helpful in the development of successful eelgrass restoration and conservation. 相似文献
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Ying Wang Xing Liu Yi Cong Jin Fei Juying Wang Dian Zhang Liang Liu Jingli Mu Ziwei Yao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(12):95-105
Parent and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (alkyl-PAHs), which are a class of important toxic components of crude oil especially in the marine environment, exhibit adverse effects on aquatic life and potentially pose a human health risk. However, the lack of chronic toxicity data is one of the hindrances for alkyl-PAHs when assessing their ecological risks. In this study, predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) in seawater and marine sediment for ten parent- and alkyl-PAHs were derived by applying species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) and quantitative structure?activity relationships (QSARs). The local area, Dalian Bay, where an oil-spilled accident happened in 2010, was chosen as a case site to assess ecological risks for ten PAHs in surface seawaters and marine sediments. Their PNECs in seawater and sediment for protecting aquatic organisms in marine ecosystems were calculated and recommended in the range of 0.012?2.79 μg/L and 48.2?1337 ng/g (dry weight), respectively. Overall, the derived PNECs for the studied PAHs in seawater and marine sediment were comparable to those obtained by classical methods. Risk quotient results indicate low ecological risks to ecosystems for ten parent- and alkyl-PAHs in surface seawaters and surface sediments from the Dalian Bay. These findings provide a first insight into the PNECs and ecological risks of alkyl-PAHs, emphasizing the role of the computational toxicology in ecological risk assessments. The use of QSARs has been identified as a valuable tool for preliminarily assessing ecological risks of emerging pollutants, being more predictable of real exposure scenarios for risk assessment purposes. 相似文献
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Sebastiscus marmoratus larvae were exposed to waterborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) containing 3-5 rings, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), pyrene (Py) or phenanthrene (Phe), respectively at 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg L?1. Cumulative mortality, frequency of dorsal curvature and rate of pericardial and yolk sac edema in larvae treated for 8 days were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. All three PAHs resulted in reduction of the lower jaw, and the extent of reduction increased with increasing concentrations of the PAHs. Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activity in larvae exposed to the three PAHs were all significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis using the Pearson correlation coefficient indicated a significant correlation between the rate of the dorsal curvature and edema and the inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activity, suggesting that the developmental defects caused by PAHs were related to their inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activity. 相似文献
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Chronic exposure of Leptocheirus plumulosus to Baltimore Harbor sediment: bioenergetic and population-level effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We investigated the long-term effects of contaminants in sediment from Baltimore Harbor, MD, USA, on a burrowing amphipod (Leptocheirus plumulosus) via a full life-cycle laboratory exposure. Contaminants in the Baltimore Harbor sediment included PAHs (10,800 ng/g), PCBs (152 ng/g), and heavy metals (including As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, and Zn). Exposures were initiated with neonate amphipods, placed in microcosms containing either contaminated or reference sediment, and were maintained for 42 days, allowing ample time for the initial cohort to mature and reproduce. At the end of the exposure period, the populations of amphipods were surveyed to ascertain the number and size of amphipods in each size class (neonate, juvenile, and adult), and bioenergetic measurements were performed on adults, including metabolic rate, lipid content, and fecundity. Contaminated sediment from Baltimore Harbor caused lower growth and reproductive rates; in Baltimore Harbor sediment, the average dry weight of amphipod offspring in each size class was significantly lower and there were less than one-third as many individuals in each size class, compared to reference sediment. By the end of the exposure, the total amphipod biomass in Baltimore Harbor sediment was less than one quarter of that in reference sediment. On average, gravid females in reference sediment produced at least twice as many viable offspring as those in contaminated sediment. Adult male amphipods in Baltimore Harbor sediment possessed significantly lower lipid concentrations. Lipid content in neonates also appeared to be negatively affected by parental exposure to contaminants. Metabolic rate was elevated in adult amphipods exposed to Baltimore Harbor sediment. Overall, the results suggest that contaminated sediment conditions in the urban estuary may chronically affect L. plumulosus by diverting energy from production to maintenance pathways, resulting in slower growth and reduced fecundity, and ultimately leading to retarded population growth rates. The results of this study reinforce the need for long-term toxicological exposures to reveal chronic effects. 相似文献
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花鲈亲鱼人工培育与催产技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作者研究了花鲈人工培育及促熟催产中的技术措施。采用海捕的天然苗种 ,逐年筛选、精心培育 ,共获得 4～ 6龄的成熟亲鱼 50尾。在外源激素 HCG(70 0～ 150 0 IU/ kg)及 LHRH- A3(2～5μg/ kg)的作用下 (雄鱼减半 ) ,共人工采卵 156 0× 10 4粒 ,卵的平均上浮率为 6 1% ,平均受精率为78% ,平均孵化率为 85.7%。 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the accumulation behavior of two typical PAHs,phenanthrene(PHE) and fluoranthene(FLA),uptaken by the mangrove Kandelia candel in various treated sandy soils.The experiment lasted for three months.Soil and plant samples were collected after 3,6,9 and 13 weeks of the incubation and the levels of PAHs were analyzed using a GC/MS(HP6890-5975B).The results showed that the root accumulations of PHE and FLA were elevated with the increase of the PAH concentrations in the soil.With prolonged exposure time,PHE and FLA concentrations of the roots increased significantly in comparison with the control.PHE and FLA concentrations of root after 13 weeks of treatment ranged from 0.28 to 4.36 μg·g-1 and 0.79 to 35.76 μg·g-1,respectively.The calculated mean values of the root concentration factors were 0.58 for PHE and 0.71 for FLA.This indicated that root accumulation of FLA was greater than PHE,which would result from the higher octanol-water partition coefficient(Kow) of FLA.These results underline the ability of mangroves to remove PAHs from contaminated marine substrates and hence their potential use in bioremediation and the removal of PAHs from the marine food chain. 相似文献