首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 593 毫秒
1.
During autumn 1968 an oceanographic investigation was conducted in the region of the Subarctic boundary between 155°E and 180°. The geostrophic flow of the upper 500 m was remarkably similar in direction; hence the salinity-minimum, Intermediate water must have the same path of flow as water at the surface. A water mass analysis revealed a decrease in the percentage of Subarctic water to the south and east, plus an increase in the homogeneity of water to the east, which supports Reid's conclusions that the salinity minimum results mainly from lateral mixing in the pycnocline in this region. Salinity at the minimum increases toward the south and east, and the density at this level also increases slightly from the western to the central Pacific, perhaps as a result of unequal vertical mixing above and below the minimum.  相似文献   

2.
A simple dissolved silica (Si) and dissolved oxygen (O) diagram method was applied to study the deep-water circulation in the North Pacific and the following results and conclusion have been obtained. In the abyssal water flowing northward in the western Pacific Si increases with a constant ratio of Si to decreasing O(Si/O=–0.30). The water is designated as the main sequence. In the eastern Pacific the Si-O diagram is characteristic of the location and reflects the degrees of mixing with older waters and of alteration due to decomposition of biogenic material. The Bay of Alaska is found to be a great source of silica in the North Pacific and its bottom water spreads out to the central North Pacific north of 40°N, called here the abyssal front. The younger abyssal water in the Aleutian Trench flowing to the eastern North Pacific north of 40°N comes through the north end of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench instead of the gap in the Emperor Seamounts at about 46°N. The deep water is almost completely homogenized by active isopycnal mixing and advection when the deep water reaches its upper boundary by upwelling in the western North Pacific including the Bering Sea. Thus the high productivity in the Bering Sea is principally caused neither by the direct supply of abyssal water rich in nutrients nor by the extremely active vertical mixing reaching depths greater than 500 m, but it may be caused simply by the shallower upper boundary of the deep water mass in the Bering Sea, from which nutrients are easily transported to the surface.  相似文献   

3.
Distributions of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) as determined by high temperature catalytic oxidation (HTCO) method, are reported for 5 stations located from 15°N to 5°S along the transect of 180° in the central Equatorial Pacific. Vertical profiles of DOC suggest that levels of DOC in the photic layer at a given station are dependent on the vertical stability of the water column and meridional currents in the central Equatorial Pacific. Concentrations of DOC determined by the HTCO method in the northern North to Equatorial Pacific and those of total organic carbon (TOC) determined by Wet Chemical Oxidation (WCO) method during the GEOSECS Pacific cruises indicated that DOC determined by both methods, taken together with the levels of DOC in the surface water, showed clear meridional differences in the areas from north of 40°N to the equatorial region in the Pacific: values were low at high latitudes, namely, in productive areas, but high at low latitudes, namely, in oligotrophic areas, even though the values of DOC determined by the two methods were different.  相似文献   

4.
Swath bathymetric, sonar imagery and seismic reflection data collected during the SOPACMAPS cruise Leg 3 over segments of the Vitiaz Trench Lineament and adjacent areas provide new insights on the geometry and the stuctural evolution of this seismically inactive lineament. The Vitiaz Trench Lineament, although largely unknown, is one of the most important tectonic feature in the SW Pacific because it separates the Cretaceous crust of the Pacific Plate to the north from the Cenozoic lithosphere of the North Fiji and Lau Basins to the south. The lineament is considered to be the convergent plate boundary between the Pacific and Australian Plates during midde to late Tertiary time when the Vitiaz Arc was a continuous east-facing are from the Tonga to the Solomon Islands before the development of the North Fiji and Lau Basins. Progressive reversal and cessation of subduction from west to east in the Late Miocene-Lower Plioene have been also proposed. However, precise structures and age of initiation and cessation of deformation along the Vitiaz Trench Lineament are unknown.The lineament consists of the Vitiaz Trench and three discontinuous and elongated troughs (Alexa, Rotuma and Horne Troughs) which connect the Vitiaz Trench to the northern end of the Tonga Trench. Our survey of the Alexa and Rotuma Troughs reveals that the lineament is composed of a series of WNW-ESE and ENE-WSW trending segments in front of large volcanic massifs belonging to the Melanesian Border Plateau, a WNW trending volcanic belt of seamounts and ridges on Pacific crust. The Plateau and Pacific plate lying immediately north of the lineament have been affected by intense normal faulting, collapse, and volcanism as evidenced by a series of tilted blocks, grabens, horsts and ridges trending N 120° to N100° and N60°–70°. This tectonism includes several normal faulting episodes, the latest being very recent and possibly still active. The trend of the fault scarps and volcanic ridges parallels the different segments of the Vitiaz Trench Lineament, suggesting that tectonics and volcanism are related to crustal motion along the lineament.Although the superficial observed features are mainly extensional, they are interpreted as the result of shortening along the Vitiaz Trench Lineament. The fabric north of the lineament would result from subduction-induced normal faulting on the outer wall of the trench and the zig-zag geometry of the Vitiaz Trench Lineament might be due to collision of large volcanic edifices of the Melanesian Border Plateau with the trench, provoking trench segmentation along left-lateral ENE-WSW trending transform zones. The newly acquired bathymetric and seismic data suggest that crustal motion (tectonism associated with volcanism) continued up to recent times along the Vitiaz Trench Lineament and was active during the development of the North Fiji Basin.  相似文献   

5.
太平洋东边界波浪输运   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
通过计算2000年涌浪指标(swell index)的全球分布,发现太平洋东边界赤道附近区域存在涌浪池.利用ECMWF再分析波浪资料,计算出2000年全球月平均波浪体积输运.比较2000年全球月平均波浪体积输运和2000年QUICKSCAT月平均风场,发现在赤道太平洋东边界涌浪池区域内的波浪输运方向和风向存在很大的差别,两者方向相差大约90°.这进一步验证了该地区涌浪池存在的真实性.研究发现,赤道太平洋东边界涌浪主要来源于北太平洋和南太平洋的西风带对应的海区.在涌浪池区域内分别在2.5°S和2.5°N取两条边界(边界起点为125°W,终点为美洲大陆西边界),计算通过这两条边界进入赤道区域涌浪的Stokes体积净输运量.结果表明,不同月份通过南、北两条边界波浪的净输运量与当月南、北太平洋西风带的风浪强度密切相关.同时指出了,涌浪的体积输运将会对大洋环流系统产生潜在的重要影响.  相似文献   

6.
  相似文献   

7.
A water mass characterized by the pycnostad on the bottom of the ventilated portion in the central subtropical North Pacific is described through the comparison with the Subtropical Mode Wate (STMW). In this paper, this water mass is called the North Pacific Central Mode Water (CMW), because of its vertical homogeneity. The distribution of CMW is examined based on the climatological maps of annual mean potential vorticity. On the other hand, its formation area is examined based on the climatological winter temperature data set and the STD sections across the Kuroshio Extension in early spring of individual years. The main results are summarized as follows: 1) STMW is formed in the deep winter mixed layer south of the main path of the Kuroshio Extension (termed 12°C Front in this paper). On the other hand, CMW is formed in the deep winter mixed layer in the east-west band surrounded by a branch of the Kuroshio Extension (termed 9°C Front in this paper) and the boundary of two water masses representing the subtropical and subpolar gyres. 2) The winter mixed layer between the 12°C Front and the 9°C Front is shallower than that in the CMW and STMW formation areas. 3) These geographical features of the winter mixed layer depths near the subarcticsubtropical transition zone result in two pycnostads (STMW and CMW) in the main thermocline of the subtropical North Pacific through the advection caused by the subtropical gyre.  相似文献   

8.
Concentrations of total carbonate, alkalinity and dissolved oxygen were obtained near the 1973 GEOSECS stations in the North Pacific subpolar region north of 40°N along 175°E between 1993 and 1994. A difference of excess CO2 content between the GEOSECS and our expeditions was estimated. The maximum difference in water column inventory of excess CO2 has increased by about 280 gC m–2 above 2000 m depth which apparently means an uptake of excess CO2 taken from air to sea during the last two decades. An averaged value of the annual flux of excess CO2 at 75–1000 m depth was 8.63±2.01 gC m–2yr–1 in the North Pacific subpolar region. By introducing the annual flux of excess CO2 into a two-box model for the North Pacific subpolar region, a penetration factor of excess CO2 from air to sea was obtained to be 1.08×10–2 gC m–3ppm–1 in the North Pacific subpolar region. Based on this factor, the surface concentration of excess CO2 in the North Pacific subpolar region was estimated to be 68 mole I–1, suggesting that the North Pacific subpolar region absorbed atmospheric excess CO2 more than the saturated concentration of excess CO2. Total amount of excess CO2 taken from the North Pacific subpolar region by 1993 was estimated to be 36.2×1015 gC, which was equal to about one tenth of that released by human activities after the preindustrial era.  相似文献   

9.
Hydrographic measurements by CTD were made in the western-central Equatorial Pacific (160°W–147°E) during the Japanese Pacific Climate Study cruise in January–February 1991. InT-S diagram, three water masses are seen in the layer of kg/m3: salinity water corresponding to the Tropical Water of eastern South Pacific origin, less saline water in the North Pacific, and water with salinity between the above two, found on the equator. In three meridional sections (160°W–160°E), the Tropical Water of eastern South Pacific origin extends further equatorward than the climatological data of Levitus (1982).  相似文献   

10.
Horizontal and meridional volume transports on timescales from intra-seasonal to interannual in the North Pacific subarctic region were investigated using a reanalysis dataset for 1993–2001 that was constructed from an assimilation of the TOPEX altimeter and in situ data into an eddy-permitting North Pacific ocean general circulation model. The barotropic flow is excited along east of the Emperor Seamounts by the western intensification dynamics. The volume transport of this flow compensates for that across the interior region east of the Seamounts below the summit depth of the Seamounts. The Oyashio, which is also considered as a compensation flow for the transport in the whole interior region, includes baroclinic as well as barotropic components. Baroclinic transports in the whole interior region exceed those in the western boundary region in the upper (200–1000 m) and lower (2000–5000 m) layers, and the total transport is northward (southward) in the upper (lower) layer. These excesses of the baroclinic transport are balanced by a vertical transport of the meridional overturn. The meridional overturn has a complementary relation to the basin-scale baroclinic circulation in the North Pacific subactic region. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

11.
The concentrations of90Sr and137Cs, derived from the radioactive fallout, in the surface layers of the adjacent seas of Japan and the North Pacific were determined radiochemically during 1969 to 1973. The90Sr and137Cs concentrations in sea water decreased markedly with increase of the depth and below the depth of 1,000 m, the concentrations were approximately uniform. The distribution of90Sr in the surface water of the North Pacific in spring of 1970 was approximately uniform, except two regions; rather large low-concentration region between 160°E and 170°W and relatively higher contamination area around 32°N and 146°W.  相似文献   

12.
Seasonal variation in the tropical Pacific is studied by use of climatological monthly mean data of upper layer thickness of a linear reduced-gravity model with realistic basin geometry. Complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) analysis is applied to the data on a closed circuit which consists of the equator, eastern boundary, 7° latitude, and western boundary. The first and second CEOF represent the annual and semiannual variations, respectively. At the equator, absolute maximum anomalies associated with the first CEOF can be found near 160°W in spring and fall. Westward propagation of the annual variation is remarkable west of 130°W. However, similar westward propagation cannot be detected in either the eastern or western part of the equator. Maximum anomalies at 7° and the equator can be found in similar longitude and time. These maxima at both latitudes originate from the annual variation of Ekman pumping associated with the meridional movement of wind fields. We also decomposed the model results into Kelvin and Rossby modes. The Kelvin mode is characterized by seminnual variation, while first and third-mode Rossby waves have annual variations. In the present results, first and third-mode Rossby waves do not appear to be a trigger for Kelvin waves.  相似文献   

13.
The wind-stress field in the North Pacific Ocean during 1961–75 is computed from nearly five million ship reports. With a drag coefficient having a linear relation to wind speed, annual mean and monthly mean wind-stress fields are obtained, and their features are described.Compared with the stress fields obtained byHellerman (1967) andWyrtki andMeyers (1976), the eastward component of the stress in the present study is larger in magnitude and the northward one smaller in magnitude, especially in the trade wind region. Differences in the drag coefficient do not have a pronounced effect on the estimated stress field. Long-period inter-annual variations in the wind field are the most likely cause of the discrepancies between the present study and those of the above authors.The maximum of the wind-stress curl, estimated from the annual mean wind-stress fields, is as large as 1.0×10–8dyn cm–3 around 30°N, and is larger than that estimated byEvenson andVeronis (1975). The discrepancy is considered to be mainly due to differences in the computed stress field itself rather than due to differences in the grid size used in the stress computations.The Sverdrup transports integrated from the eastern boundary on the basis of the present stress field have a maximum greater than 40×10–12cm3 s–1 (Sv.) near the western boundary around 30°N. This value is closer to the observed transport of the Kuroshio than that based on Hellerman's stress field.  相似文献   

14.
西太平洋暖池变异及其对西太平洋次表层海温场的影响   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  
应用热带太平洋上层XBT温度资料,分析研究了西太平洋暖池区(0°～16°N,125°～145°E)上层海洋的变化特征以及与西太平洋次表层海温场之间的关系.研究表明,西太平洋暖池区的垂向温度存在显著的年际变化,尤其在次表层(120～200m)的变化最为明显.西太平洋暖池区的次表层冷暖信号明显早于西太平洋次表层的海温异常.分析发现,西太平洋暖池区的海温异常是导致整个西太平洋次表层海温场变异的关键区,当西太平洋暖池区的次表层冷暖信号加强时,3～4个月后西太平洋海温场出现大范围的冷暖异常.  相似文献   

15.
Fifty years of measurements at Ocean Station Papa (OSP, 50°N, 145°W) show trends in the interior waters of the subarctic Pacific that are both impacted by short term (few years to bi-decadal) atmospheric or ocean circulation oscillations and by persistent climate trends. Between 1956 and 2006, waters below the ocean mixed layer to a depth of at least 1000 m have been warming and losing oxygen. On density surfaces found in the depth range 100-400 m (σθ = 26.3-27.0), the ocean is warming at 0.005-0.012 °C y−1, whereas oxygen is declining at 0.39-0.70 μmol kg−1 y−1 or at an integrated rate of 123 mmol m−2 y−1 (decrease of 22% over 50 years). During this time, the hypoxic boundary (defined as 60 μmol O2 kg−1) has shoaled from ∼400 to 300 m. In the Alaska Gyre, the 26.2 isopycnal occasionally ventilates, whereas at OSP 26.0σθ has not been seen at the ocean surface since 1971 as the upper ocean continues to stratify. To interpret the 50 year record at OSP, the isopycnal transport of oxygenated waters within the interior of the subarctic Pacific is assessed by using a slightly modified “NO” parameter [Broecker, W., 1974. “NO” a conservative water-mass tracer. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 23, 100-107]. The highest nitrate-oxygen signature in interior waters of the North Pacific is found in the Bering Sea Gyre, Western Subarctic Gyre and East Kamchatka Current region as a consequence of winter mixing to the ∼26.6 isopycnal. By mixing with low NO waters found in the subtropics and Okhotsk Sea, this signature is diluted as waters flow eastward across the Pacific. Evidence of low NO waters flowing north from California is seen along the coasts of British Columbia and SE Alaska. Oxygen in the subsurface waters of the Alaskan Gyre was supplied ∼60% by subarctic and 40% by subtropical waters during WOCE surveys, whereas such estimates are shown to periodically vary by 20% at OSP. Other features discernable in the OSP data include periods of increased ventilation of deeper isopycnals on an ∼18 year cycle and strong, short term (few month) variability caused by passing mesoscale eddies. The potential impacts of declining oxygen on coastal ecosystems are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
The geography of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) between 10°N and 6°S, redetermined by new surface ship surveys, is characterized by long spreading axes orthogonal to infrequent transform faults. Near 2°10N the EPR is intersected by the Cocos-Nazca spreading center at the Galapagos triple junction. The present pattern was established 27-5.5 m.y.b.p. by a complex sequence of rise-crest jumps and reorientations from a section of the Pacific-Farallon plate boundary. Transverse profiles of the rise flanks can be matched by thermal contraction curves for aging lithosphere, except between the triple junction and 4°S, where the east flank is anomalously shallow and almost horizontal. Most sections of spreading axis have the 10–30 km wide, 100–400 m high, axial ridge that is characteristic of fast spreading centers. However, within 60 km of the triple junction the rise crest structure is atypical, with an axial rift valley and elevated rift mountains, despite a spreading rate of 140 mm/yr. With the exception of this atypical section, the bathymetric profile along the spreading axis is remarkably even, with continuous, gentle slopes for hundreds of kilometers between major transform faults, where step-like offsets in axial depths occur. Most of the observations can be accommodated by a model in which the long spreading axes are underlain by continuous crustal magma chambers that allow easy longitudinal flow of magma, and whose size controls the style and dimensions of EPR crestal topography.Contribution of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, new series.  相似文献   

17.
The importance of the North Pacific Intermediate Water as a sink for the anthropogenic carbon dioxide has been examined by mapping chemical and radiochemical properties at two isopycnal surfaces of of 26.6 ad 27.2 obtained in 1970's. Its radiocarbon contents in 1980's were determined for comparison. The isopleths of depth and salinity at the two isopycnal surfaces obviously show that the intermediate layer of the entire mid-latitudes of the North Pacific is occupied by a similar water mass. The distributions of dissolved oxygen contents and Si/N ratios in the intermediate water indicate its source in the northwestern North Pacific and its sink in the eastern Pacific. The 14C values clearly designate the intrusion of the artificial radiocarbon of mostly 1960's origin into the upper intermediate water of the western North Pacific having its maximum in the subarctic zone of 40–45°N and 160–180°E in 1973. The maximum region for tritium is much broader extending to the north. These suggest that the subboreal region is active in the gas exchange and/or the warm water residing for a long time at the surface and flowing into the region across the subarctic front sinks quickly in winter. At the lower isopycnal surface, the increase 14C value for 14±4 years was around 27, which is smaller than that expected from the total carbonate increase, indicating an active isopycnal mixing.  相似文献   

18.
The Easter microplate-Crough Seamount region located between 25° S–116° W and 25° S–122° W consists of a chain of seamounts forming isolated volcanoes and elongated (100–200 km in length) en echelon volcanic ridges oriented obliquely NE (N 065°), to the present day general spreading direction (N 100°) of the Pacific-Nazca plates. The extension of this seamount chain into the southwestern edge of the Easter microplate near 26°30 S–115° W was surveyed and sampled. The southern boundary including the Orongo fracture zone and other shallow ridges (< 2000 m high) bounding the Southwest Rift of the microplate consists of fault scarps where pillow lava, dolerite, and metabasalts are exposed. The degree of rock alternation inferred from palagonitization of glassy margins suggests that the volcanic ridges are as old as the shallow ridges bounding the Southwest Rift of the microplate. The volcanics found on the various structures west of the microplate consist of depleted (K/Ti < 0.1), transitional (K/Ti = 0.11–0.25) and enriched (K/Ti > 0.25) MORBs which are similar in composition to other more recent basalts from the Southwest and East Rifts spreading axes of the Easter microplate. Incompatible element ratios normalized to chondrite values [(Ce/Yb)N = 1–2.5}, {(La/Sm)N = 0.4–1.2} and {(Zr/Y)N = 0.7–2.5} of the basalts are also similar to present day volcanism found in the Easter microplate. The volcanics from the Easter microplate-Crough region are unrelated to other known South Pacific intraplate magmatism (i.e. Society, Pitcairn, and Salas y Gomez Islands). Instead their range in incompatible element ratios is comparable to the submarine basalts from the recently investigated Ahu and Umu volcanic field (Easter hotspot) (Scientific Party SO80, 1993) and centered at about 80 km west of Easter Island. The oblique ridges and their associated seamounts are likely to represent ancient leaky transform faults created during the initial stage of the Easter microplate formation ( 5 Ma). It appears that volcanic activity on seamounts overlying the oblique volcanic ridges has continued during their westward drift from the microplate as shown by the presence of relatively fresh lava observed on one of these structures, namely the first Oblique Volcanic Ridge near 25° S–118° W at about 160 km west of the Easter microplate West Rift. Based on a reconstruction of the Easter microplate, it is suggested that the Crough seamount (< 800 m depth) was formed by earlier (7–10 Ma) hotspot magmatic activity which also created Easter Island.  相似文献   

19.
A new type of pycnostad has been identified in the western subtropical-subarctic transition region of the North Pacific, based on the intensive hydrographic survey carried out in July, 2002. The potential density, temperature and salinity of the pycnostad were found to be 26.5–26.7 σ θ , 5°–7°C and 33.5–33.9 psu respectively. The pycnostad is denser, colder and fresher than those of the North Pacific Central Mode Water and different from those of other known mode waters in the North Pacific. The thickness of the pycnostad is comparable to that of other mode waters, spreading over an area of at least 650 × 500 km around 43°N and 160°E in the western transition region. Hence, we refer to the pycnostad as Transition Region Mode Water (TRMW). Oxygen data, geostrophic current speed and climatology of mixed layer depth in the winter suggest that the TRMW is formed regularly in the deep winter mixed layer near the region where it was observed. Analysis of surface heat flux also supports the idea and suggests that there is significant interannual variability in the property of the TRMW. The TRMW is consistently distributed between the Subarctic Boundary and the Subarctic Front. It is also characterized by a wide T-S range with similar density, which is the characteristic of such a transition region between subtropical and subarctic water masses, which forms a density-compensating temperature and salinity front. The frontal nature also tends to cause isopycnal intrusions within the pycnostad of the TRMW.  相似文献   

20.
Waters from the South Equatorial Current (SEC), the northern branch of the South Pacific subtropical gyre, are a major supply of heat to the equatorial warm pool, and have an important contribution to climate variability and ENSO which motivated the Southwest Pacific Ocean and Climate Experiment (SPICE, CLIVAR/WCRP). Initially a broad westward current extending from the equator to 30°S, the SEC splits upon arriving at the major islands and archipelagoes of Fiji (18°S, 180°E), Vanuatu (16°S, 168°E), and New Caledonia (22°S, 165°E), resulting in a complex system of western boundary currents and zonal jets that feed the Coral and Solomon Seas. We focus here on the formation of one specific jet feeding the Coral Sea, the North Caledonian Jet (NCJ). Using a combination of recent oceanographic cruises, we describe the ocean circulation to the northeast of New Caledonia, where the SEC forms a western boundary current that ultimately becomes the NCJ. This current, which we document for the first time and propose to refer to as the East Caledonian Current (ECC), has its core located 10-100 km off the east coast of New Caledonia, and extends vertically to at least 1000 m depth. Water mass properties show continuous westward transports through the ECC, from the SEC to the NCJ in both the South Pacific Tropical Waters in the thermocline and Antarctic Intermediate Waters near 700 m depth. The ECC extends about 100 km horizontally; its average 0-1000 m transport was estimated at 14.5±3 Sv off the north tip of the New Caledonian reef, with a maximum of 20 Sv in May 2010. South of that the upstream branch of the ECC east of the Loyalty is close to 8 Sv suggesting an important additional contribution from central Pacific waters carried by the SEC at 16°S and diverted to our region through the western boundary current system east of Vanuatu.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号