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1.
We measured the concentrations and distribution of major polyamines(spermine, putrescine and spermidine) in seawater during successive spring algal blooms in an area of frequent harmful blooms in the East China Sea. Spermine, putrescine, and spermidine concentrations were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and ranged from 1–64, 7–81, and 0–19 nmol/L. Spermine was present at the highest concentrations, followed by putrescine and spermidine. In late April, when a diatom bloom dominated by Skeletonema costatum dispersed, polyamine concentrations increased, presumably as a result of diatom decomposition. In early May, when a dinoflagellate bloom dominated by Prorocentrum donghaiense occurred, the polyamine concentration decreased from the level seen in late April. The abundant polyamines that decomposed and were released during the diatom bloom in late April may have promoted the growth of P. donghaiense, resulting in its dominance. 相似文献
2.
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE DISSOLVED AND COLLOIDAL ORGANIC CARBON IN THE ZHUJIANG RIVER ESTUARY 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＥｓｔｕａｒｉｅｓｃｏｍｐｒｉｓｅａｍａｊｏｒｂｉｏｇｅｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｉｎｔｅｒｆａｃｅｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｌａｎｄａｎｄｔｈｅｓｅａ (Ｍａｎ ｔｏｕｒａ,1 987) .Ｔｈｅｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒａｎｄｆａｔｅｏｆａｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｒｉｖｅｒ ｂｏｒｎｅｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｉｎｔｏａｎｅｓｔｕａｒｙｉｓｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｄｔｏａｌａｒｇｅｅｘｔｅｎｔｂｙｔｈｅｂｉｏｇｅｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｐ… 相似文献
3.
The Early Cretaceous deposits are composed of important source rocks in Boli Basin. The types of the source rocks include black mudstones and coal (with carbonaceous mudstone). By the organic geochemical analysis methods, the authors discussed the organic petrological characters, abundance of organic matter, degree of maturity and the type of source rocks. The main micro-component of black mudstone is exinite or vitrinite, and the content of vitrinite is high in coal. The weathering of the outcrop is very serious. The abundance of organic matter in source rock reaches the poor to better rank. The major kerogens in mudstone are type-Ⅲ, type-Ⅱ2 and some type-Ⅱ1; the organic type of coal is type-Ⅲ. The thermal evolution of the source rocks in every structural unit is very different, from low-maturity to over-maturity. The depositional environment is reductive, which is good for the preservation of organic matter. The organic matter in source rocks is mainly from aquatic organisms and terrigenous input. 相似文献
4.
A suit of lacustrine source rocks are developed in volcanic deposits in the Shangkuli Formation of the Cretaceous. However, it is poor to understand the characteristics of source rocks due to the low degree of exploration, thus the exploration is severely constrained in this area. Based on the geochemical analysis, the analytic technique of GC and GC-MS, combined with the characteristics of solvable organic matter and biomarkers of the source rocks, the authors discussed the depositional environment, the derivation of the matrix and the maturity characteristics of the organic material of the Shangkuli Formation in Cretaceous. The results show that the organic matter mainly belongs to type Ⅱ1 kerogen, whose abundance is relatively high; it was formed in reductive surrounding where was deep-lake; the hydrocarbon is characterized by mixed-source of organic matter. The thermal evolution of source rocks had reached maturation stage. 相似文献
5.
Investigation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) at 12 stations in Yantal Sishili Bay in May, August, and November of 1997 and March and May of 1998 showed that DOC concentrations varied from 1.14 mg/L to 5.35 mg/L; that the average values at all staticrLs ineach entise varied from 1.52 mg/L to 2.12 mg/L; that POC concentrafions varied from 0.049 mg/L to 1.411mg/L; and averaged 0.159 mg/L to 0.631 mg/L in each cruise. Horizontal distribution of DOC was influ-enced by factors such as continental input, organism activity, temperature, aquieulture environment, etc. The higher POC concentration occurred along the coast. The vertical distribution of DOC and POC changed obviously in spring and summer, but not obviously in autumn and winter. DOC concentration was highest in summer and POC in spring; both were lowest in winter. The seasonal change of DOC was con-sistent with primary productivity seasonal variation, and that of POC was consistent with ehlorophyll-a sea-sanal variation. The seasonal change trend of the C/N ratio of dissolved organic matter was obvious, but the C/N ratio of particulate organic matter had no such trend. 相似文献
6.
Concentrations of dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC) were documented in 1996–1997 at 4 different trophic
state stations in Donghu Lake, a typical shallow eutrophic lake along the Changjiang River's middle reaches. The mean concentrations
of DOC were 15.11±3.26, 15.19±4.24, 14.27±3.43, and 13.31±3.30 mg/L in Station I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The DOC concentrations
of the studied area were very similar to that in other lakes along the Changjiang River's middle reaches. The POC mean of
the whole lake was 5.01 mg/L due to the large amount of organic detritus of both allochthonous and autochthonous origin. Significant
linear relationship was found between POC and chlorophyll a at all 4 stations, which presumably reflect that phytoplankton,
its exudates and its metabolic products were the main contributors to the POC pool in the water column. The slope of such
linear relationship at Station IV was significantly steeper than that at Station I, II and III. In addition, the DOC/POC ratios
(mean value: 4.40) indicated that the organic detritus was the most important component of the particulate organic matter;
in other works, next to organic detritus, phytoplankton dominated the particulate organic matter in Donghu Lake.
Project 39770146, 39430101 supported by NSFC and the State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, affiliated
to the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 相似文献
7.
8.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＰｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｕｓｉｓａｋｅｙｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｖｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｆｏｒｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆｍａｒｉｎｅｐｈｙｔｏｐｌａｎｋｔｏｎ .Ｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ ,ｂｅ ｃａｕｓｅｏｆｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎ ,ｔｈｅｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｉｃａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｉｎｃｏａｓｔａｌａｎｄｏｃｅａｎｉｃｗａｔｅｒｓｈａｖｅｂｅ ｃｏｍｅｍｏｒｅａｎｄｍｏｒｅｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ.Ｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｉｎｔｈｅｌｏｎｇ ｔｅｒｍｔｏｔｈｅｆ… 相似文献
9.
陆相页岩气的泥页岩评价——以延长下寺湾区上三叠统延长组长7段为例 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
以鄂尔多斯盆地的延长下寺湾区中生界延长组长7段陆相泥页岩为研究对象,在样品实验数据分析和单井岩心观察的基础上,根据泥页岩的发育与分布特点和有机地球化学特征对陆相页岩气的泥页岩进行评价.结果表明:延长下寺湾区延长组长7段泥页岩主要为浅湖—深湖相沉积,泥页岩累计厚度适宜,有机质类型以Ⅱ1为主,有机质丰度较高,具备页岩气生成的物质基础,有机质演化主要处于成熟阶段.分析美国海相产气页岩与中国陆相产气页岩的综合特征,长7段泥页岩脆性矿物质量分数大于25%,有利于储层的后期改造.相对美国储层物性较好的页岩,根据现场解析法测得的长7段泥页岩含气量较高(平均为4.5m3/t),埋深适中,分布稳定,具有勘探潜力和开发前景. 相似文献
10.
《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2017,(2)
Diatoms are the only ecological phytoplankton that require silicic acid for growth.They are also the dominant contributor of ocean's total primary productivity.Generation and circulation with silica walls,which the siliceous organisms form,is an important component of the marine biological pump.It is crucial to the study of the operational mechanisms of biological pump with different sea areas.Moreover,it is the key link to the study of global silicon cycle.This paper introduces the basic mechanism of the formation of diatom silica walls and a new way of researching silicic acid metabolism,namely the 2-(4-pyridyl)-5-((4-(2-dimethylaminoethylaminocarbamoyl)-methoxy)phenyl)oxazole(PDMPO) dyeing method.Under a fluorescence microscope after excitation with bright green fluorescence,it can combine with silicic acid to form a complex into the Si deposition within diatom cells.The advantage of this method is that it can monitor the metabolism of silicate after adding PDMPO.For experimentation and sample collection in each of the specified time points,samples were determinated through the unutilized silicic acid,silica dissoluble intracellular and Si deposition within diatom cells,not only using hot alkaline digestions method but also PDMPO dyeing method.Results showed a good linear relationship between PDMPO fluorescent value and biogenic silica concentration.It was also indicated that PDMPO had no deleterious impact on Skeletonema cf.costatum growth for 34 h and was useful for tracking newly-deposited biogenic silica in diatoms' frustules. 相似文献
11.
泌阳凹陷古近系核三段泥页岩是主要烃源岩,可划分出5套富有机质泥页岩层,页岩层系中有机质在层序地层格架内呈规律性分布。利用常量、微量元素和生物标志化合物等参数分析了5号和3号页岩层内有机质富集及其与沉积环境(气候、盐度、生产力、氧化还原条件)的相关性,并探讨了层序地层格架内有机质富集的主控因素(生产力和保存条件)。研究表明:①5号页岩层有机质主要富集于湖扩体系域中下部,③号页岩层有机质主要富集于最大湖泛面附近;②浊流活动对沉积层中有机质含量起稀释作用,导致深凹周缘区有机碳质量分数变化较大且频繁,但深凹中心区变化相对较小;35号和3号页岩层有机碳质量分数变化与氧化还原指标(V/Cr,Pr/Ph)均呈线性相关,其中3号页岩层有机碳质量分数变化还与古生产力指标(Cu、Ni)呈较好的相关性,表明干旱炎热气候下咸化水体的盐度分层有利于形成良好的保存条件,是5号页岩层有机质富集的关键,而温暖潮湿气候下藻类勃发对应的高生产力水平,以及湖盆深处缺氧底水环境决定了3号页岩层有机质的富集。 相似文献
12.
The transfer processes of organic pollutants during sewage - seawater mixing were simulated in three different mixing systems. The release rate of organic matter from sewage particles to seawater was found to be about 0.02-0.04d-1 . The release processes can be simulated by an exchange-equilibrium kinetic model. Degradation of COD was observed in all three mixing systems and can be described by a first order kinetic equation. The degradation rate constant k ranged between 0.04 and 0.07 d . These results have provided important parameters for estimation of environmental capacity. 相似文献
13.
This study on the distribution of phosphate and its relation to phytoplankton biomass in Western Xiamen Harbor using marine
ecosystem enclosures to isolate the culture water from the tidal currents and salinity changes outside indicated that the
phytoplankton biomass variation closely related to dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) in the seawater as described by the
equation: [Chl-a]=A×e−B[PO4]. The biomass changes lagged by about two days the corresponding DIP. The research also dealt with the minimal DIP concentration
for stopping diatom bloom and the possible maximal diatom biomass was estimated from the DIP external concentration in the
seawater. The threshold of DIP initiatingSkeletonema costatum red tide was calculated for use as an index to forecast its red tides. In addition, the relationships between a dinoflagellate
red tide and nutrients are discussed. The results showed that the multiplication of dinoflagellate was not entirely dependent
on the nutrients in the seawater.
Project 39570145 supported by the NSFC and Fujian Science Foundation (No. D94010). 相似文献
14.
Diatoms are the only ecological phytoplankton that require silicic acid for growth. They are also the dominant contributor of ocean’s total primary productivity. Generation and circulation with silica walls, which the siliceous organisms form, is an important component of the marine biological pump. It is crucial to the study of the operational mechanisms of biological pump with different sea areas. Moreover, it is the key link to the study of global silicon cycle. This paper introduces the basic mechanism of the formation of diatom silica walls and a new way of researching silicic acid metabolism, namely the 2-(4-pyridyl)-5-((4-(2-dimethylaminoethylaminocarbamoyl)- methoxy)phenyl)oxazole (PDMPO) dyeing method. Under a fluorescence microscope after excitation with bright green fluorescence, it can combine with silicic acid to form a complex into the Si deposition within diatom cells. The advantage of this method is that it can monitor the metabolism of silicate after adding PDMPO. For experimentation and sample collection in each of the specified time points, samples were determinated through the unutilized silicic acid, silica dissoluble intracellular and Si deposition within diatom cells, not only using hot alkaline digestions method but also PDMPO dyeing method. Results showed a good linear relationship between PDMPO fluorescent value and biogenic silica concentration. It was also indicated that PDMPO had no deleterious impact on Skeletonema cf. costatum growth for 34 h and was useful for tracking newly-deposited biogenic silica in diatoms’ frustules. 相似文献
15.
Suspended particle samples were collected at 11 stations on the shelf and slope regions of the Chukchi Sea and the central Arctic Ocean during the fifth Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition （summer 2012）. The particle concentration, total organic carbon （TOC）, total nitrogen （TN） and the isotopic composition of the samples were analyzed. The suspended particle concentration varied between 0.56 and 4.01 mg.Ll; the samples collected from the sea ice margin have higher concentrations. The organic matter content is higher in the shelf area （TOC： 9.78%-20.24%; TN： 0.91‰-2.31%）, and exhibits heavier isotopic compositions （δ13C： -23.29‰ to -26.33‰ PDB; δ15N： 6.14‰-7.78‰）, indicating that the organic matter is mostly marine in origin with some terrigenous input. In the slope and the central Arctic Ocean, the organic matter content is lower （TOC： 8.06%- 8.96%; TN： 0.46%-0.72%）, except for one sample （SR15）, and has lighter isotopic compositions （δ13C： -26.93‰ to -27.78‰ PDB; δ15N： 4.13‰-4.84‰）. This indicates that the organic matter is mostly terrestrially-derived in these regions. The extremely high amount of terrigenous organic matter （TOC： 27.94%; TN： 1.16%; δ13C： -27.43‰ PDB; δ15N： 3.81‰） implies that it was carried by transpolar currents from the East Siberian Sea. Material, including sea ice algae, carried by sea ice are the primary source for particles in the sea ice margins. Sea ice melting released a substantial amount of biomass into the shelf, but a large amount of detrital and clay minerals in the slope and the central Arctic Ocean. 相似文献
16.
近年来,有机质与金属成矿关系研究备受关注。扬子板块北缘马元矿床铅锌矿体分布与古油藏、沥青在空间上叠置,是探索有机质与铅锌成矿关系的理想地区。矿区发育分散有机质、沥青、气态烃类等不同赋存形式的有机质,生物标志化合物特征明显,以低碳数正构烷烃为主,具浅海环境藻类来源特征,均处于过成熟演化程度。沥青206 Pb/204 Pb值为17.946~18.071,207 Pb/204 Pb值为15.593~15.703,208 Pb/204 Pb值为37.812~38.072,Pb模式年龄为612~478 Ma,结合油-源对比结果,沥青主要来源于下寒武统郭家坝组烃源岩,郭家坝组烃源岩经历了较强的还原环境和缺氧的高盐度环境。各类有机质C同位素组成一致,δ13 C值为-35.3‰~-31.4‰,与区内闪锌矿流体包裹体中甲烷、乙烷等C同位素一致,显示有机成因碳典型特征。综上所述,马元铅锌矿床成矿与有机质关系密切,古油藏热裂解和热化学硫酸盐还原(TSR)作用提供了还原硫,富含Pb、Zn的盆地卤水与富含CH4、H2S的有机还原性流体混合是其重要成矿机制。 相似文献
17.
唐森铭 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2002,(1)
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｍａｉｎｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｏｆｔｈｉｓｓｔｕｄｙｗａｓｔｏｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｔｈｅｍａｇｎｉｔｕｄｅａｎｄｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙｏｆｈａｒｍｆｕｌｄｉａｔｏｍａｎｄｄｉｎｏｆｌａｇｅｌｌａｔｅｏｕｔｂｒｅａｋｓｉｎＨｏｎｇＫｏｎｇ’ｓｗｅｓｔｅｒｎａｎｄｅａｓｔｅｒｎｗａｔｅｒｓ (ｅ .ｇ.ＬａｍｍａＳｔｒａｉｔｓａｎｄＰｏｒｔＳｈｅｌｔｅｒｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ)ｆｏｒｔｈｅｐｅｒｉｏｄＪａｎｕａｒｙ 1 997ｔｏＤｅｃｅｍｂｅｒ1 999.Ｔｈｉｓｗａｓｄｏｎｅｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｄ… 相似文献
18.
A COMPARISON OF EASTERN AND WESTERN HONG KONG PHYTOPLANKTON FROM WEEKLY SAMPLES （1997-1999） 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Weekly phytoplankton samples were taken from western Hong Kong (Lamma) from Jan. 1997 to Dec. 1999 and from Port Shelter in
Eastern Hong Kong from January 1998 to December 1999. During that time diatom blooms occurred repeatedly at both sites but
never in synchrony. One species would bloom at one site and then weeks later it or another species would bloom at the other
site; while the 1998 red tide of the mucus producing dinoflagellateGymnodinium mikimotoi occurred at both sites. It first occurred at the Port Shelter site in March and did not appear at the Lamma site until April.
With the single exception of this species, no other dinoflagellate reached bloom concentrations at the Lamma site. In addition,
dinoflagellate abundance at the Lamma site was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that at the Port Shelter site. This was correlated
with a significantly higher turbidity (i. e. low Secchi transparency) and higher turbulence (stronger currents) at the Lamma
site.
Annual variation in surface temperature correlated with total surface phytoplankton abundance at both our sample sites. Phytoplankton
abundance increased in spring as water temperatures warmed. In fall, as surface water temperatures began to decline and the
monsoon rains became less frequent there was a reduction in phytoplankton abundance associated with the reduction in temperature
and light. Because so many variables co-occur with temperature (e. g. the amount of rainfall light intensity and light duration
etc.) it is not possible to cite temperature as the causal factor associated weth controlling phytoplankton abundance at our
two sample sites.
Our data support the rather controversial notion that percentage-wise, there are relatively more harmful bloom forming species
in nutrient-rich coastal waters than there are in the world's oceans. 16% of the dinoflagellate species and 10.3% of the diatom
species observed at our two sample sites were classed as harmful. These percentages were higher than those cited by Sournia
(1995) for the worlds oceans (9.6% and 6.8% respectively). This raises the possibility that there are relatively more toxic
species in the nutrient-rich coastal waters of the world than there are in the mid ocean nutrient-poor areas of the world.
Some reasons for this are briefly discussed. 相似文献
19.
The transfer processes of organic pollutants during sewage-seawater mixing were simulated in three different mixing systems.
The release rate of organic matter from sewage particles to seawater was found to be about 0.02–0.04 d−1. The release processes can be simulated by an exchange-equilibrium kinetic model. Degradation of COD was observed in all
three mixing systems and can be described by a first order kinetic equation. The degradation rate constantk ranged between 0.04 and 0.07 d−1. These results have provided important parameters for estimation of environmental capacity. 相似文献
20.
Black shales of the Paleocene Patala Formation are proven source rocks for conventional hydrocarbons in southern Potwar Basin of Pakistan and are assumed to be effective source rocks towards north in the Margalla Hill Range of Pakistan. In this regard, the current study focuses on source rock geochemistry of the Paleocene Patala Formation to assess its source rock potential, organic matter types and thermal maturity levels in the Mar-galla Hill Range of North Pakistan. Source rock generative potential, kerogen types and thermal maturation of the analysed rock samples were unraveled by using Rock-Eval pyrolysis Tmax, TOC (total organic carbon) and vitrinite reflectance ( R0 ) analyses. TOC analysis coupled with S2 yield revealed poor to fair source rock quality encountered within the formation. The pyrolysis Tmax vs Hydrogen Index ( HI) , showed mostly Type Ⅲ kerogen dominated by thermally immature to mature organic matter. The HI and genetic potential is low and revealed poor hydrocarbon generation potential of the formation. The S1 vs TOC plots confirm the indigenous nature of the hydrocarbons hosted by Patala Formation. The vitrinite reflectance outcomes indicated immature to mature source rock beds lying in dry gas zone. The HI and OI signatures and abundance of Type Ⅲ kerogen are indica-ting dominance of terrestrial organic matter within the formation. Overall, the investigated Patala Formation ex-posed at the studied section of Margalla Hill Range, Pakistan acts as a poor source rock unit for liquid hydrocar-bon generation but holds prospects for dry gas generation in the study area. 相似文献