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1.
Paul Augustinus Charles E. Barton Atun Zawadzki Kate Harle 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(3):625-639
Macquarie Harbour in southwest Tasmania, Australia, has been affected severely by the establishment of mines in nearby Queenstown
in the 1890s. As well as heavy metal-laden acid rock drainage from the Mount Lyell mine area, over 100 Mt of mine tailings
and slag were discharged into the Queen and Ring Rivers, with an estimated 10 Mt of mine tailings building a delta of ca.
2.5 km2 and ca. 10 Mt of fine tailings in the harbour beyond the delta. Coring of sediments throughout Macquarie Harbour indicated
that mine tailings accreted most rapidly close to the King River delta source with a significant reduction in thickness of
tailings and heavy metal contamination with increasing distance from the King River source. Close to the King River delta
the mine tailings are readily discriminated from the background estuarine sediments on the basis of visual logging of the
core (laminations, colour), sediment grain size, sediment magnetic susceptibility and elemental geochemistry, especially concentrations
of the heavy metals Cu, Zn and Pb. The high heavy metal concentrations are demonstrated by the very high contamination factors
(CF > 6) for Cu and Zn, with CF values mostly >50 for Cu for the mine-impacted sediments. Although the addition of mine waste
into the King River catchment has ceased, the catchment continues to be a source of these heavy metals due to acid rock drainage
and remobilisation of mine waste in storage in the river banks, river bed and delta. The addition of heavy metals to the harbour
sourced from the Mount Lyell mines preceded the advent of direct tailings disposal into the Queen River in 1915 with the metals
probably provided by acid rock drainage from the Mount Lyell mining area. 相似文献
2.
Portman Bay presents elevated quantities of metals and heavy metals in the sediments and rocky outcrops. The calcitic skeletons
of the sea urchins that live there present elevated concentrations of Mn, Fe, Zn, and Pb (249, 273, 32, and 59 ppm) in comparison
with control zones (beach of La Vila) where the concentrations for these elements are 5, 7, 8, and 2 ppm, respectively. Two
species of sea urchins have been studied: Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula. The different compositions between the plates and the spines of their skeletons have also been studied.
Received: 20 November 1995 · Accepted: 25 January 1996 相似文献
3.
Dariusz Ciszewski 《Environmental Geology》1998,36(1-2):45-54
An evaluation of the influence of channel processes (erosion, accumulation, processing of channel sediments) on the dispersal
of heavy metals in bottom sediments was carried out in the channels of the Sztoła and Biała Przemsza rivers in Upper Silesia,
Poland. These rivers receive waters from a Zn and Pb mine. Mine waters transport a large amount of fine-grained sediments
contaminated with heavy metals. The polluted material is accumulated in these stream courses and mixed with nearly homogeneous
sandy sediment derived from erosion of the river banks and bed. Because these alluvia are easily set in motion, the distribution
of heavy metal concentration in the channel in fraction <1 mm reflects differences in physical processes of sedimentation
in its cross-section. The minimal values in active channel and maximal in the near-bank zone are typical for those channel
sections where heavy metals, present in a solid state, are transported as a suspended load (normally the largest part of a
polluted river course). In short sections heavy metals associated with the grains of a large mass which has accumulated in
the active channel are transported as a bed load and the typical distribution pattern is reversed (in fractions both <1 mm
and <0.063 mm). Such regularities can be disturbed in localities where strong, turbulent flow or frequent eddying occur and
Mn oxides and hydrooxides and associated elements precipitate. The smallest variation in heavy metal concentration in the
homogenous, fine-grained bank sediments which are trapped by plants below water level is a feature which recommends these
localities as being the most suitable for monitoring of river pollution.
Received: 11 November 1997 · Accepted: 12 March 1998 相似文献
4.
《Applied Geochemistry》2003,18(2):241-257
In January and March 2000 two tailings dam failures in Maramureş County, northwest Romania, resulted in the release of 200,000 m3 of contaminated water and 40,000 tonnes of tailings into tributaries of the Tisa River, a major tributary of the Danube. The high concentrations of cyanide and contaminant metals released by these dam failures resulted in pollution and fish deaths not only in Romania, but also downstream in the Tisa and Danube rivers within Hungary, Serbia and Bulgaria. Following these accidents, a research programme was initiated in northwest Romania to establish metal levels in rivers affected by the tailings dam failures and to compare these to metal values in river systems contaminated by historic mining and industrial activity. In July 2000, 65 surface water, 65 river sediment and 45 floodplain sediment samples were collected from trunk streams and principal tributaries of the Lapuş/Someş rivers (affected by the January 2000 spill) and the Vişeu/Tisa rivers (affected by the March 2000 Novat spill) down to the Hungarian and Ukrainian borders, respectively. Sample analyses for Pb, Zn Cu and Cd show that metal contamination in surface water and river sediment decreases rapidly downstream away from presently active mines and tailings ponds. Concentrations of heavy metals in water and sediment leaving Romania, and entering Hungary and the Ukraine, generally fall below EC imperative and Dutch intervention values, respectively. However, Zn, Cu and Cd concentrations in river sediments approach or exceed intervention values at the Romanian border. The results of this survey are compared with earlier surveys to ascertain the long-term fate and environmental significance of contaminant metals released by mine tailings dam failures in Maramureş County. 相似文献
5.
为研究青藏高原金属矿山勘探、开采、闭坑阶段不同开发阶段河流重金属污染的严重程度,通过野外调查,室内测试分析,对比5个金属矿山河流重金属元素含量、污染指数沿程变化,得出以下结果:(1)勘探阶段和闭坑后河流水质污染较小,开采阶段矿业活动对河水水质污染较大。(2)As、Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn五种元素是金属矿山的特征污染物。开采矿区中德尔尼铜矿区、下柳沟铅锌矿、甲玛矿区河流均有重金属元素污染,微碱性环境中德尔尼铜矿区,主要污染物为As,单项污染指数为0～10.6;下柳沟铅锌矿Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn元素单项污染指数分别为0.2～2.1、0～55、0.4～24、0.3～1550;偏酸性环境中甲玛矿区的特征污染物主要为Cu、Cd。其中Cu、Cd单项污染指数为0～4174、0～4;勘探矿区大场金矿、闭坑矿区罗布莎铬铁矿区河流未出现污染元素。(3)青藏高原5处典型的高海拔山地矿山河流由于稀释作用重金属流经2km后达到安全水平,研究结果可为青藏高原矿山开采中河流水环境保护提供参考依据。 相似文献
6.
The distribution, accumulation, and ecological risk of heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, and As) in the surface sediment were investigated in the upper reaches of Hunhe River, Northeast China. Sediment samples from 51 points throughout the upper reaches of Hunhe River were collected and measured for heavy metal concentrations, TN content, and TP content. Results showed that heavy metal concentrations at the vicinity of mines and towns were higher than those at other locations. According to sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), Cd and Zn were enriched in the sediments. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were conducted to assess the heavy metal sources. Close correlations between metal distribution and TP indicated that the sediments may be affected by application of phosphate fertilizer. Elements, Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, and As, were grouped together, reflecting they were released from the same sources. PCA suggested that their primary sources were anthropogenic, namely mining and extensive use of fertilizers. Therefore, heavy metal pollution due to mining and agricultural intensification in the upper Hunhe River basin should be taken into account during the formation of regional management strategies for the water environment. 相似文献
7.
Samples of stream sediments were collected along two streams adjacent to a sanitary landfill. One of the streams drained the landfill directly. In addition, control of background samples were also analyzed from a stream not affected by the landfill. All samples were analyzed for Ag, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb content using atomic adsorption techniques. The pH of the three streams were monitored since pH differences in the streams may affect the quantities of metals adsorbed or precipitated on the sediments. The comparison between the content of Ag, Zn, and Cu in the sediments of the two study streams and the same metals in the control sediments indicated the landfill emitted these metals into the two adjacent streams. However, since the Cd and Pb contents in the sediments of both streams were similar to that of the control stream sediments, these metals may not be emitted into the two study streams from the landfill and they represent only background quantities. The comparisons of each metal in the sediments of each stream were made by the use of a metal trend chart, the individual calculated mean metal content values, and by the statistical two sample t-test. No decreasing trends of the quantities of Ag, Zn, or Cu as a function of increasing distance from the landfill was present in the sediments along the stream that drained the landfill directly. These sediments might have been affected by stream action and became mixed with other sediments downstream. 相似文献
8.
华南地区含硫化物金属矿山生态环境中的重金属元素地球化学迁移模型——重点对粤北大宝山铁铜多金属矿山的观察 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
粤北大宝山是华南金属成矿带的大型铁铜、铅、锌、钼等多金属综合性矿床,富含硫化物,位于北江支流横石河的上游分水岭,流域封闭性很好。矿山开发引起横石河下游的上坝村成为远近闻名的"癌症"村,部分村民出现"痛痛病"疑似症状。由于其特殊的地理位置和对下游引发的严重污染,该矿山成为研究湿热地区含硫化物金属矿山重金属元素生态-环境地球化学迁移的理想场所。以Zn为例,该矿山重金属元素从矿体中向生物体迁移过程经过尾砂/水反应界面、水/沉积物反应界面、土壤/间隙水溶液界面和土壤/植物界面4个重要的反应界面。其中,尾砂/水反应界面控制重金属从源头尾砂中的释放;水/沉积物反应界面控制重金属在水体中与河流沉积物的沉淀与释放的平衡;土壤/间隙水溶液界面控制土壤生物有效性;土壤/植物界面控制生物对重金属的吸收与利用。4个界面的介质间相互作用较好地刻画大宝山矿山因为开采,重金属元素从内生环境中曝露出来,然后在表生环境中释放、迁移、转化、归宿的迁移模式。上述认识对矿山重金属污染治理具有重要的指导意义。通过改变重金属迁移反应界面的条件,可以阻断矿山元素的迁移,达到污染治理的目的。 相似文献
9.
金矿区河水和底泥中重金属含量分布与耦合关系 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
河流中河水与底泥中重金属含量之间的关系对于河流污染防治意义重大。对某金矿区3种典型河流的河水与底泥中的重金属含量进行分析,发现4条河流均有超过国家标准限值的情况,河水中7种重金属元素均出现超标,Cr、As元素超标不严重;底泥中Hg、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn超标,其中Hg超标最严重,河水和底泥中Hg最大超标倍数分别达到3099倍和244倍。河流中重金属主要赋存形态为沉积态,底泥的吸附解吸作用是河流底泥和河水中重金属沿程变化的主控因素;金矿区区域上河水和底泥中重金属很好地服从Langmuir等温吸附模式。矿业活动、地层岩性均会影响底泥对重金属的平均最大吸附容量,流径黄土区的双桥河平均最大吸附容量最大。研究结果为矿山河流污染防治与预警提供了参考依据。 相似文献
10.
F. Ruiz M. L. González-Regalado J. M. Muñoz M. Abad A. Toscano M. I. Prudencio M. I. Dias 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(5):1249-1258
The spatial distribution and geoaccumulation indices of four heavy metals were investigated in very shallow marine sediments of southwestern Spain. Surface sediments were collected from 43 sites with water depth ranging from 3 to 20 m. High to very high pollution levels (I geo > 4 for zinc, lead and copper) were detected near the end of the Huelva bank, whereas chromium shows a more hazardous distribution in the southwestern Spanish littoral. Low to moderate heavy metal contents (mainly zinc and lead) were also observed in other two areas at different water depths (Isla Cristina-Piedras River: 10–18 m water depth; Mazagón–Matalascañas: <10 m water depth), whereas unpolluted to moderately polluted sediments were detected in the very shallow zones (<8 m water depth) located between the mouths of the Guadiana and the Piedras Rivers. A regional scenario indicates a strong pollution of the adjacent marine areas by polluted inputs derived from the Tinto–Odiel rivers, with a partial transport of heavy metals by W–E littoral currents even 40 km eastward. The Guadiana River is an additional source of zinc–lead contamination near the Spanish–Portuguese border, mainly at water depths up to 10 m. All these rivers are affected by acid mine drainage processes, derived from millennial mining activities. This pollution affects the sediment quality even 40 km eastward. 相似文献
11.
【研究目的】植物修复技术因其具有绿色、经济、环保的特点,在矿山生态修复中应用广泛,而调查和筛选矿山周边适应本地生境的植物物种是进行植物生态修复的关键环节。【研究方法】通过野外调查取样和室内分析测试相结合的方法,对内蒙古包头某废弃铁矿尾矿库及周边11种优势植物的重金属含量、重金属迁移富集能力及其上覆土壤重金属特征进行分析研究,以期筛选优良修复植物,为矿区生态修复提供科学依据。【研究结果】该废弃铁矿尾矿库及周边土壤Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、F含量均远超过河套平原土壤背景值,地累积指数显示污染等级为2～7级,污染程度从轻—中度污染到极强度污染。植物地下部分各元素含量总体上高于地上部分,除Cu外各植物重金属含量大多超出了正常值范围。【结论】沙蒿和独行菜具有富集型植物特征,玉米、狗尾草、虎尾草和拂子茅属于根部囤积型,碱蓬、灰条菜、苍耳、新疆杨和红柳符合规避型植物特征。可根据植物对重金属的吸收和富集特点,科学合理地选择适宜的植物进行矿区受污染土壤植物修复。创新点：研究了废弃铁尾矿库及周边11种优势植物的重金属特征;揭示了优势植物对重金属的吸收机制。 相似文献
12.
Xiao-Hu Li Zhong-Li Tang Feng-You Chu Ling-Yuan Yang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(6):1667-1674
Heavy metal contamination was the main environmental problem around the Jinchang Ni–Cu mine area of Gansu, Northwest China.
The concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in various environmental mediums around the Jinchang Ni–Cu mine
area were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The different chemical speciation of heavy metals was extracted
using BCR (European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction procedure, and the concentration of chemical speciation
of each heavy metal was measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The results showed that Cu and
Ni were the most important heavy metal pollutants in various mediums including cultivated soils, dust on slagheap surfaces,
tailings, and sediments in waste water drains. In the tailings and sediments, the concentrations of Ni were obviously higher
than those of Cu, whereas, in the soil and dust, the concentrations of Cu were higher than those of Ni. Analysis of chemical
speciation indicated that Cr and Zn were mainly in residual fraction; Cu was mainly in oxidizable fraction; Ni was mainly
in reducible fraction and acid soluble fraction; and Pb was mainly in reducible fraction and residual fraction. The extent
of contamination of various environmental mediums was different because the heavy metals were derived from different sources.
Furthermore, the mobility of various heavy metals was different because of the different distribution of chemical speciation. 相似文献
13.
The distribution of Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr in different grain-size fractions and geochemical association of Fe,
Mn, Cu and Zn with <63-μm size fraction of bed sediments of Damodar River has been studied. In general, concentrations of
heavy metals tend to increase as the size fractions get finer. However at two sites, near mining areas, the coarser particles
show similar or even higher heavy metal concentrations than finer ones. The higher residence time and/or presence of coarser
particles from mining wastes are possibly responsible for higher metal content in the coarser size fractions. The chemical
fractionation study shows that lithogenic is the major chemical phase for heavy metals. Fe and Mn are the major elements of
the lithogenic lattice, constituting 34–63% and 22–59%, respectively, of total concentrations. Fe-Mn oxide and organic bound
fractions are significant phases in the non-lithogenic fraction. The carbonate fraction is less significant for heavy metal
scavenging in the present environment and shows the following order of abundance Zn>Cu>Mn>Fe. The exchangeable fraction of
the Damodar sediments contains very low amounts of heavy metals suggesting poor bioavailability of metals.
Received: 18 August 1998 · Accepted: 1 December 1998 相似文献
14.
Agustín Gómez-Alvarez Diana Meza-Figueroa Arturo I. Villalba-Atondo Jesús Leobardo Valenzuela-García Jorge Ramírez-Hernández Javier Almendariz-Tapia 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(7):1469-1479
The San Pedro River (SPR) is located in northern Sonora (Mexico) and southeastern Arizona (USA). SPR is a transboundary river
that develops along the Sonora (Mexico) and Arizona (USA) border, and is considered the main source of water for a variety
of users (human settlements, agriculture, livestock, and industry). The SPR originates in the historic Cananea mining area,
which hosts some of the most important copper mineralizations in Mexico. Acid mine drainage derived from mine tailings is
currently reaching a tributary of the SPR near Cananea City, resulting in the contamination of the SPR with heavy metals and
sulfates in water and sediments. This study documents the accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in surface water along
a segment of the SPR from 1993 to 2005. Total concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn in surface waters are above maximum
permissible levels in sampling sites near mine tailing deposits. Nevertheless, a significant decrease in the Fe and SO4
2− in surface water (SO4
2−: 7,180–460.39 mg/L; Fe: 1,600–9.51 mg/L) as well as a gradual decrease in the heavy and transition metal content were observed
during the period from 1994 to 2005. Approximately 2.3 km downstream of the mine tailings, the heavy metal content of the
water drops quickly following an increase in pH values due to the discharging of wastewater into the river. The attenuation
of the heavy metal content in surface waters is related to stream sediment precipitation (accompanied by metal coprecipitation
and sorption) and water dilution. Determining the heavy metal concentration led to the conclusion that the Cananea mining
area and the San Pedro River are ecosystems that are impacted by the mining industry and by untreated wastewater discharges
arising from the city of Cananea (Sonora, Mexico). 相似文献
15.
【研究目的】白洋淀为雄安新区核心生态功能区,为支撑白洋淀湿地生态修复与保护,系统开展了全淀区表层沉积物环境质量调查。【研究方法】在白洋淀湿地采集表层沉积物样品484组,查明了白洋淀表层沉积物重金属地球化学特征,并采用地累积指数法、潜在生态风险指数法等多种方法开展了重金属生态风险评价。【研究结果】白洋淀表层沉积物重金属含量普遍偏高于河北省表层土壤重金属含量背景值,府河入淀口及白沟引河入淀口为重金属元素主要富集区,入淀河流输入为白洋淀重金属主要来源;环境地球化学综合评价结果为清洁无污染等级分布面积144.54 km2,占表层沉积物分布总面积的96.68%;各重金属污染程度由重到轻排序为Cd＞Cu＞Hg＞Pb＞Zn＞Ni＞Cr＞As,Cd元素污染程度等级以中度和偏中度为主,Cu元素以轻度和清洁为主,其他元素以清洁无污染为主;重金属潜在生态风险以轻度和中度为主,河流入淀口所在淀区重金属潜在生态风险高于其他淀区,潜在生态风险由高到低排序为南刘庄＞烧车淀＞小白洋淀＞王家寨＞藻苲淀＞捞王淀＞池鱼淀＞泛鱼淀。【结论】白洋淀表层沉积物环境质量总体较好,南刘庄等局部淀区存在重金属污染潜在生态风险,以Cd元素污染最为突出。创新点：采用地累积指数法、潜在生态风险指数法等多种方法,系统评价白洋淀湿地表层沉积物重金属污染程度和生态风险;重金属地球化学特征分析与主成分分析法相结合,揭示表层沉积物重金属污染主要来源为河流输入。 相似文献
16.
城市地表沉积物已成为城市环境污染的重要组成部分,是城市环境中各种污染物的"源"和"汇",通过研究城市地表沉积物的物化及矿物学特征对城市环境质量的监测具有良好的指示作用。本文在成都市中心城区不同区域采集40件地表沉积物样品,利用激光粒度分析仪、扫描电镜能谱和X射线衍射等技术分析研究了地表沉积物的粒径分布特征、重金属分布特征、矿物组成特征及微区形貌特征。结果表明:地表沉积物粒径的质量和体积分布特征具有较高一致性,均以中细颗粒物为主,其中小于0. 3mm的地表沉积物占总质量或体积的70%以上,小于0. 125mm的地表沉积物占总质量或体积的40%左右; Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Hg、Cr、Cd、Ni等重金属随着沉积物粒径的减小而呈明显增加的趋势,主要存在于小于0. 125mm粒径的沉积物中,同时在成都市中心城区各方位区域和各环路区域的分布上存在一定的差异; Si、Ca、K、Na等造岩元素在不同粒径级别沉积物中都大量存在;地表沉积物矿物组成主要是石英、长石类、方解石等,且各类矿物在不同粒径级别沉积物中所占含量大致相当,但细粒径矿物表现出胶体行为,极易吸附各种微量重金属。研究认为,城市地表沉积物的粒径分布特征和矿物组成特征是影响重金属在沉积物中分布的内在因素,而人类活动是决定地表沉积物重金属污染程度的关键因素。 相似文献
17.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(11-12):1387-1396
The purposes of this study are to (i) determine the geochemical characteristics of Imgok creek impacted by acid mine drainage (AMD) generated from abandoned coal mines, (ii) to assess the pollution of heavy metals in the stream sediments and soils, and (iii) to identify the chemical form of Fe precipitates collected in the study area where there are 4 abandoned coal mines, which belong to the Grangreung coal field at the eastern part of Korea. AMD generated from mine adits and coal refuse piles shows low pH, and high concentrations of Fe, Al and SO4, especially in the Youngdong coal mine. In Imgok creek, pH values increased, and total dissolved solids (TDS) values decreased with distance. The concentrations of toxic heavy metals and major cations except Fe decreased by dilution, but the concentration of Fe decreased rapidly due to the formation of precipitates. The quality of groundwater samples did not exceed the Korean drinking-water standard. In the stream sediments, the concentrations of Fe are relatively high in the Youngdong tributary and Imgok creek, but the concentrations of heavy metals are similar to those of unpolluted sediments. Pollution indices of agricultural soils range from 0.28 to 0.47. Yellowish red Fe precipitates collected in the study area turned out to be amorphous or poorly crystallized minerals (determined by X-ray diffraction patterns and Feox/Fetot ratios) and to contain chemically bonded SO4 and OH [determined by infra-red (IR) spectral analysis]. With these, the mol ratios of Fe/S ranging from 4.6 to 6.1 determined by electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) in precipitates strongly support the existence of schwertmannite. 相似文献
18.
A. Parizanganeh B.Sc. M.Sc. Ph.D. V. C. Lakhan Ph.D. F.R.G.S. C.E.I. C.E.S. H. Jalalian Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2007,4(3):351-358
The nearshore marine environment of the Caspian sea is a major repository for toxic metals originating from various sources. Since the persistent toxic metals pose serious health risks this research concentrated on investigating the concentrations and spatial distribution of metals in the nearshore sediments along the Iranian coast of the Caspian sea. Fourteen sampling sites were selected along the coast and approximately 400 g of surficial sediments were obtained. Samples were sieved and three grain size fractions from each sample plus fourteen bulk samples were selected for the analysis of metals. Laboratory analysis of the samples utilized the Cold Acetic protocol, followed by Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The statistical techniques were used to analyze all obtained data. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that grain size of the sediments was not a major factor controlling the concentrations and spatial distributions of heavy metals. Box and Whisker plots emphasized that metal concentrations were not homogeneously distributed. Discriminant analysis was also proved to be useful in identifying geographic areas where heavy metal concentrations occur along the coast. 相似文献
19.
以金矿开发影响的黄河二级支流太峪水系沉积物为研究对象,沿河采集16个表层沉积物样品,分层采集垂向剖面10件水库沉积物样品,测定了样品中重金属元素Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Cu和Zn的含量,采用Hakanson潜在生态指数法和Tomlinson污染负荷指数法评价重金属元素污染程度和潜在生态风险。结果表明,矿业活动是太峪水系沉积物重金属元素污染的主要因素;变异系数、富集系数和最高污染系数均反映Hg、Pb、Cd是太峪水系沉积物的特征污染重金属元素,Cr和As的质量分数接近地区背景值;太峪水系表层沉积物受到重金属元素的极强污染,山区段污染较山外更严重;整个流域的Hg、Pb、Cd具有很强的潜在生态危害,Cr、As、Zn的潜在生态危害轻微;太峪水系沉积物垂向各层沉积物都受到重金属元素的极强污染,生态问题以Hg、Pb、Cd的潜在生态危害为主,其污染和生态危害程度都高于流向上的沉积物。潜在生态危害指数评价突出了不同元素的毒性和危害程度,而污染负荷指数法侧重于样本空间上的污染程度,二者互补使用有利于实际问题的全面评价。 相似文献
20.
S. M. Ussenkov 《Environmental Geology》1997,32(4):274-280
The areal distribution of oil products and various trace metals have been studied in bottom surface deposits from the harbors
of Neva Bay. The data of contents were normalized to natural background concentrations. Also the size and biomass of benthos
groups were analyzed. The results show clearly that industrial discharges have elevated levels of contamination in the sediments.
Few efficient measures against environmental contamination have been taken. The sediments contain very high concentrations
of oil products and such heavy metals as Hg, Pb, Cu, and Zn. The benthic organisms most sensitive to heavy metal contamination
are Chironomidae. The dredging and dumping of the contaminated deposits can lead to secondary contamination of the Gulf of Finland and the
Baltic proper.
Received: 18 November 1996 · Accepted: 17 March 1997 相似文献