共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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随着地质勘探工作的不断深入,对构造图的精度要求也越来越高.因此,对速度场建立和变速构造成图方法也提出了更高的要求.中国东部大港探区在时深转换及构造成图中所用的传统方法是利用统一的华北速度公式来进行的,由于工区内钻遇深层古生界地层的井较少,且分布很不均匀,所以利用华北地区的井资料综合出的统一的华北速度公式对整个华北地区进行时深转换及构造成图存在一定的误差,特别是在复杂构造地区,误差更大,已不能满足实际生产的需要.本文在对大港探区歧南斜坡区内每一口井都进行精细的层位标定基础上,分析了传统方法中影响时深转换和成图精度的主要因素,指出了传统方法中造成误差较大、准确性较低的原因.采用处理资料的叠加速度、测井速度和地震地质标定速度相结合的技术,在三维空间分析该区速度变化,编制平均速度平面图、立体显示图等,实现空间变速成图.有效地提高了复杂地区速度场和构造图的精度,在实际工作中取得了较好的效果,具有良好的推广应用前景. 相似文献
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时深转换中的井震联合速度建模方法研究与应用现状 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《地球物理学进展》2016,(5)
地震波速度是联系地层界面深度与地震波反射时间的纽带,更是时深转换的桥梁.井震联合速度建模可以分别采用以地震为主的速度建模方法(叠加速度分析、偏移速度分析、层析速度反演等)和以测井为主的速度建模方法(克里金估计法、随机模拟和随机反演法等).以地震为主的速度建模方法建立的速度场横向连续性较好,但算法稳定性和纵向精度等有待进一步提高.以测井为主的速度建模方法建立的速度场精度较高,可靠性好,但计算效率仍需改善.通过加强井震资料之间在不同尺度和频率特征方面的匹配,并在相关方法中加强约束条件的使用能够有效提高井震联合速度建模的准确性和可靠性,进一步加强时深转换过程中的不确定性分析,有助于提高利用井震联合速度建模开展时深转换的精度. 相似文献
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滨里海盆地东缘中区块在下二叠统孔谷阶沉积了巨厚的盐岩层,由于盐层速度与围岩的速度存在很大差异,造成了下伏地层在时间剖面上存在上拉现象,形成了一些假构造圈闭或者使构造幅度发生变化,成为勘探陷阱.本文针对中区块盐下构造识别的难题,分析含盐盆地速度特征和盐下构造的影响因素,提出了正演模拟、基于地震叠加速度谱的变速成图和叠前深度偏移的识别方法.综合识别结果,并相互对比验证,最终消除盐丘造成的构造假象,有效识别了盐下构造,主要目的层的平均深度误差只有1%左右.上述方法对于解决含盐盆地地区以及速度横向变化剧烈区的构造问题具有借鉴意义. 相似文献
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叠前多级优化联合偏移速度建模 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
推导了基于角度域共成像点道集的叠前深度层析速度建模公式,提出了一种叠前多级优化联合偏移速度建模方法.通过基于共散射点(CSP)道集的叠前时间偏移速度分析获取初始速度,利用基于角度域共成像点道集(ADCIGs)的叠前深度层析速度反演进行速度更新建模.实现步骤可以概括为:首先,将叠前地震数据映射为CSP道集,利用CSP道集的叠加速度谱进行速度分析得到均方根速度场;其次,通过Dix公式将均方根速度场转换为层速度场,以此进行层析初始速度建模,基于ADCIGs实现叠前深度层析速度反演,最终得到高精度的叠前偏移速度场.断层模型和实际资料试算结果验证了该方法的正确性和有效性. 相似文献
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复杂构造地震成像主要取决于叠前地震数据品质、偏移速度可靠性和偏移算子成像精度. 库车坳陷异常复杂的近地表条件导致极低信噪比的地震采集数据. 该区逆冲推覆高陡构造刺穿盐体大面积分布, 盐层厚度变化大、顶底面形态复杂, 盐下断裂带破碎、小断块发育, 形成异常复杂的地震成像问题. 本文重点研究三个关键环节:(1)精细的叠前地震预处理研究: 根据该区地震地质复杂性和地震资料特征, 采用一些新的方法技术和技术组合从振幅与时移的大、中、小尺度变化三个层次来解决资料信噪比问题, 重建深部反射信号; (2)三级偏移速度分析研究:利用库车坳陷盐刺穿逆冲推覆构造建模理论及变速成图配套技术解决叠前时间偏移速度场时深转换问题,利用井约束低频速度地震迭代反演技术解决连井层速度场与偏移速度场的融合问题,实现从DMO速度分析、叠前时间偏移速度分析到叠前深度偏移速度分析的有机衔接,建立拓扑结构相对保持的叠前深度偏移速度模型;(3)基于退化Fourier偏移算子的半解析波动方程叠前时间和深度偏移研究, 极大地改善了地震偏移过程中高波数波的成像问题. 通过对库车坳陷大北、博孜、却勒、西秋4和西秋10等复杂高陡构造的叠前时间和深度偏移地震成像处理,取得了较好的应用效果. 相似文献
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目前叠加速度的获取主要是通过人工拾取速度谱,存在着效率低、耗时长且易受人为因素影响的缺点.本文提出了一种基于自适应阈值约束的无监督聚类智能速度拾取方法,实现叠加速度的自动拾取,在保证速度拾取精度的同时提高拾取效率.利用时窗方法在速度谱中计算自适应阈值,从而识别出一次反射波速度能量团作为速度拾取的候选区域.然后,根据K均值方法将不同的速度能量团聚类,并将最终的聚类中心作为拾取的叠加速度.最后,依据人工拾取速度的经验,加入了离群速度点的后处理工作,以获得更光滑的速度场.模型和实际地震数据测试结果表明,本文提出的方法总体上与人工拾取叠加速度的精度相当,但明显提升了速度拾取效率,极大缓解了人工拾取负担. 相似文献
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珠三坳陷文昌9、10区处于区域应力转换带,主要发育珠三南断裂及六号断裂,断裂系统复杂;本区近物源区,沉积体系复杂;复杂的构造运动及沉积作用导致本区地层速度纵横向变化大,速度规律复杂;目前常用速度研究方法在本区时深转换和深度预测误差均较大.本文以导致速度规律复杂的地质条件为切入点,分析速度研究面临的困难,以及常用速度研究方法的局限性,提出在地质模式约束下建立全地质构造格架模型,并以该模型作为速度建模的约束,得到与地下真实地层速度展布规律相符的速度模型.将该方法应用到文昌10-X区、阳江S区复杂断裂带的实际勘探中,与实钻井对比,该方法深度预测误差小,变速成图精度高.该方法的成功应用为断裂系统和沉积体系复杂地区的速度研究找到了一种行之有效的研究方法. 相似文献
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A robust approach to time‐to‐depth conversion and interval velocity estimation from time migration in the presence of lateral velocity variations 
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下载免费PDF全文 Sergey Fomel 《Geophysical Prospecting》2015,63(2):315-337
The problem of conversion from time‐migration velocity to an interval velocity in depth in the presence of lateral velocity variations can be reduced to solving a system of partial differential equations. In this paper, we formulate the problem as a non‐linear least‐squares optimization for seismic interval velocity and seek its solution iteratively. The input for the inversion is the Dix velocity, which also serves as an initial guess. The inversion gradually updates the interval velocity in order to account for lateral velocity variations that are neglected in the Dix inversion. The algorithm has a moderate cost thanks to regularization that speeds up convergence while ensuring a smooth output. The proposed method should be numerically robust compared to the previous approaches, which amount to extrapolation in depth monotonically. For a successful time‐to‐depth conversion, image‐ray caustics should be either nonexistent or excluded from the computational domain. The resulting velocity can be used in subsequent depth‐imaging model building. Both synthetic and field data examples demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach. 相似文献
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Roy K. Warren 《Geophysical Prospecting》1996,44(6):923-934
The electromagnetic array profiling (EMAP) exploration method can be combined with a direct one-dimensional inversion process for conversion to depth to produce a subsurface resistivity cross-section. This cross-section may then be interpreted in parallel with a seismic cross-section to enhance the prediction of rock type and structure. In complex thrust environments and areas of shallow carbonate rocks, the EMAP method is often used to provide additional data either to help the seismic processor and/or to aid the seismic interpretation. In particular, the electromagnetic (EM) data can be used to build an independent seismic velocity file for depth migration. Three EMAP test areas in the western United States are used to demonstrate such a use of EMAP as an expioration tool. The first shows how a velocity file is estimated from resistivity data for seismic depth migration processing in a complex thrust environment. In the second example, the method is applied in layer-cake geology with high seismic velocity rocks at the earth's surface. The third example is another complex thrust environment, but in this case the velocity file derived from the resistivity data is used for stacking the seismic data. 相似文献
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Velocity analysis after migration 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The double‐square‐root (DSR) equation used in pre‐stack migration is formulated in terms of velocity‐dependent and velocity‐independent terms. The velocity‐dependent term is shown to be the hyperbolic normal moveout (NMO) correction, whereas the velocity‐independent term is related to the recording geometry only. This separation of the velocity‐dependent term offers a means of applying vertical corrections to an initial migration velocity field. Using this concept, procedures are described both for velocity determination and for achieving improved structural imaging.
This decoupling is accurate both for constant‐velocity media and for media whose velocity varies as a function of depth. In media whose velocity varies as a function of both space and depth, a procedure is described for building velocity models through common‐image gather (CIG) stacking following prestack depth migration (PSDM) and time conversion (TC). This so‐called PSDM‐TC stack procedure provides a means of (a) incorporating both vertical and lateral velocity updates into an initial velocity model, (b) obtaining improved structural imaging by using a non‐optimal velocity model for the prestack depth migration, and (c) updating velocity by flattening CIGs and maximizing stack energy. The procedure can be applied to both P‐P wave and P‐SV wave migration. 相似文献
This decoupling is accurate both for constant‐velocity media and for media whose velocity varies as a function of depth. In media whose velocity varies as a function of both space and depth, a procedure is described for building velocity models through common‐image gather (CIG) stacking following prestack depth migration (PSDM) and time conversion (TC). This so‐called PSDM‐TC stack procedure provides a means of (a) incorporating both vertical and lateral velocity updates into an initial velocity model, (b) obtaining improved structural imaging by using a non‐optimal velocity model for the prestack depth migration, and (c) updating velocity by flattening CIGs and maximizing stack energy. The procedure can be applied to both P‐P wave and P‐SV wave migration. 相似文献
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The interpretation of stacked time sections can produce a correct geological image of the earth in cases when the stack represents a true zero-offset section. This assumption is not valid in the presence of conflicting dips or strong lateral velocity variations. We present a method for constructing a relatively accurate zero-offset section. We refer to this method as model-based stack (MBS), and it is based on the idea of stacking traces within CMP gathers along actual traveltime curves, and not along hyperbolic trajectories as it is done in a conventional stacking process. These theoretical curves are calculated for each CMP gather by tracing rays through a velocity-depth model. The last can be obtained using one of the methods for macromodel estimation. In this study we use the coherence inversion method for the estimation of the macromodel since it has the advantage of not requiring prestack traveltime picking. The MBS represents an accurate zero-offset section in cases where the estimated macromodel is correct. Using the velocity–depth macromodel, the structural inversion can be completed by post-stack depth migration of the MBS. 相似文献
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试图运用波场动力学途径,旨在增强观测系统分析评估,本文提出基于单程波方程的角度域照明分析方法.本文方法不仅可用于观测系统设计,对叠前成像资料的考量、叠前振幅补偿和AVA（Amplitude Versus Angle,振幅随角度变化）反演也必具重要的意义.文中通过目的层邻域单个绕射点的正、反传波场分析,给出地下目标的水平和倾斜界面随角度变化的成像照明强度.单程波方法可用于模拟地震波在复杂速度构造下的传播,并得到较准确的幅值和多次到达的波场,用以对绕射点正、反传分析时可在照明分析中简明地利用幅值信息和多次到达的波场.本文方法可显现复杂盖层下目标的照明情况.本文中也对照明能量随传播距离的几何扩散进行补偿,突显了角度域的照明均匀度和范围,从而使得所分析的结果可直接应用于AVA的分析及补偿.针对照明分析的特点,文中建议可用一种快速的单程波波场延拓策略——频率速度相关变步长波场深度延拓.数值实验结果表明了本文方法是可行且有效的. 相似文献
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波动方程深度偏移是解决复杂地质体成像的关键技术,基于波动方程的速度建模为其提供更为精确的速度模型.频率域波形反演是目前研究最为广泛的波动方程速度建模方法之一,它推动了波形反演在勘探尺度下的应用.本文通过对频率域波形反演的实现,分析对比了其有效执行过程中与频率相关的影响因素.介绍了时间域的多尺度反演方法在频率域的一种实现方式,对比分析了输入数据的频点带宽和应用的子波频带范围不同时对反演结果的影响.本文通过设计的山地地质模型对频率域波形反演进行了测试和对比,得到的结论为频率域波形反演的有效计算提供了依据和参考. 相似文献
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渤海M油田区浅层多发育低幅构造,低幅构造区的地震数据对常规层析成像不够敏感,导致常规速度反演方法很难保证低幅构造速度建模的准确性,从而给时深转换工作带来较大误差.本文提出一种小尺度网格层析速度建模方法,该方法基于低幅构造的薄层信息,在有薄层信息的地层加密网格分布,从而实现根据地质条件划分网格的策略,进而通过解析矩阵方程实现速度模型的迭代更新.通过实际数据应用证明,对于渤海M油田利用本文提出的高精度网格层析速度建模方法是有效可行的,该方法能够有效提高低幅构造区速度建模的精度,利用该方法得到的速度模型能够大幅提高时深转换的精度,从而指导构造解释及成图工作. 相似文献
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W.J. VETTER 《Geophysical Prospecting》1987,35(6):700-717
Since the important contributions of Dürbaum and Dix, 30 years ago, velocity profile estimation procedures on horizontally layered and vertically heterogeneous media from seismic probing data have been based largely on hyperbolic moveout models and RMS and stacking velocity concepts. Re-examination of the fundamentals reveals that quantitative velocity heterogeneity and canonical valocity profiles have been implicit factors for moveout modelling and for profile inversion in the use of the Dix procedure. Heterogeneity h is the ratio (and vRMS the geometric or harmonic mean) of the path-average and time-average velocities for a raypath or, in a more restricted sense, for the normal ray belonging to a velocity profile. The canonical profile for a given velocity profile or profile segment is a moveout-equivalent monotonically increasing ramp-like profile. The ramp or constant gradient in depth is the simplest velocity profile approximator which can explicitly accommodate velocity heterogeneity. A ramp model structure is detailed which facilitates moveout simulation and model parameter estimation, and the parametric effects are explored. The horizontal offset range is quantified for which this model can give good moveout approximations. 相似文献
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This paper discusses Born/Rytov approximation tomographic velocity inversion methods constrained by the Fresnel zone. Calculations of the sensitivity kernel function and traveltime residuals are critical in tomographic velocity inversion. Based on the Born/Rytov approximation of the frequency-domain wave equation, we derive the traveltime sensitivity kernels of the wave equation on the band-limited wave field and simultaneously obtain the traveltime residuals based on the Rytov approximation. In contrast to single-ray tomography, the modified velocity inversion method improves the inversion stability. Tests of the near-surface velocity model and field data prove that the proposed method has higher accuracy and Computational efficiency than ray theory tomography and full waveform inversion methods. 相似文献