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1.
江苏省淤泥质海岸潮沟系统   总被引:17,自引:1,他引:16  
张忍顺  王雪瑜 《地理学报》1991,46(2):195-206
江苏省淤泥质潮滩是最适于潮沟系统发育的潮滩之一。本文分析了影响潮沟系统发育的诸因素,进行了潮沟系统形态与潮差的相关分析,并把江苏的潮沟系统与沪、浙、闽等省市的潮沟系统进行了对比。主要结论如下:1.影响潮沟发育的主要因素是在落潮后期才存在的沟渠效应;2.潮沟和潮盆是潮滩上规模较大的韵律地形;3.粉沙级沉积物最宜于发育潮沟;4.潮沟的某些形态特征与潮差有非常好的线性相关;5.陆地迳流干扰了潮沟发育过程。  相似文献   

2.
黄河三角洲潮滩潮沟近期变化遥感监测   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12  
黄海军  樊辉 《地理学报》2004,59(5):723-730
作者选用1986年和2001年两个时相的Landsat TM/ETM+影像,结合遥感、地理信息系统 (GIS) 和分形理论研究了黄河三角洲典型河口岸段潮滩潮沟的发育演变。结果表明:近15年来,挑河口~106站和现行水河口(1976~1996年黄河入海口,下同)~甜水沟岸段分维值D增大,呈顺向演替;其余岸段分维值均减小,表现为逆向演替。人工围垦挤占了大面积潮滩,人工岸线不断向海扩展,其最大推进速率达0.8 km/yr;同时,潮沟长度缩短,最严重的岸段每年减少14.9 km。通过分析表明,人类活动已成为影响三角洲潮滩发育的重要因子,其导致整个三角洲的潮滩体系严重退化,自然形成的潮沟时空谱系不复存在;另外,发育时间长短、入海泥沙、海浪和潮流对潮滩发育演变亦非常重要。目前,黄河三角洲潮滩可分为河口滩、潮控滩、浪控滩和人控滩4大类型。  相似文献   

3.
苏北岸外条子泥沙洲潮沟系统的稳定性研究   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
陈君  冯卫兵  张忍顺 《地理科学》2004,24(1):94-100
以苏北岸外条子泥沙洲潮沟系统为例,分析该区域野外实地测量及历年卫片,分析主要潮沟系统近20年来的动态变化。总结了潮沟系统发育演变的特点,主要表现为各个主干潮沟系统摆动幅度、速率均不相同,单独潮沟系统的各沟段亦有不同的摆动幅度、速率;位于沙洲中部西大港西侧近岸潮沟系统摆动具一定周期性,其东侧潮沟摆动较稳定;潮沟摆动有突变和渐变两种形式。沙洲潮沟系统在多因素的综合作用下具备自动调整作用,主要表现为单一潮沟具有平衡倾向性及沙洲潮沟系统整体的综合布局调整。  相似文献   

4.
互花米草盐沼潮沟地貌特征   总被引:18,自引:1,他引:17  
互花米草是我国从国外引进的能在淤泥质潮滩的高潮带下部和中潮带上部生长的禾木科植物,由于其植株高大、群落盖度高、根系发达等生物学特性,其对潮流动力特征有显著的影响。本文通过对江苏省东台市笆斗垦区外互花米草盐沼地的潮沟形态调查,发现互花米草盐沼潮沟具有以下一些特征:潮沟密度大,可达50km/km2以上;潮沟的宽深比小,大多在8以下;沿岸堤发育,且多呈不对称状;一级主潮沟与主潮沟接头处普遍呈逆弧形;盐沼外侧边缘发育有明显的陡坎冲沟。分析认为这些特征主要与互花米草发达的根系和致密的植株等生物学特性有关,发达的根系增加了盐沼滩面的稳定性,而互花米草高大的植株增加了对潮水运动的阻力,提高了滩面落潮水的归槽水位,改变了潮流的泥沙沉积地点和涨、落潮流的流向,从而形成比较特别的互花米草盐沼潮沟特征。  相似文献   

5.
季子修  蒋目巽 《地理学报》1993,48(6):516-526
本区海岸现有30%的岸段为侵蚀海岸,海平面上升将使海岸侵蚀加剧。海平面上升因素在海岸侵蚀诸因素中的比重较国外同类研究结论偏小,这与本区海岸的特殊演变原因有关。海平面上升通过潮流、波浪和风暴潮作用增强,海岸潮滩和湿地损失,岸滩消浪和抗冲能力减小等途径引起海岸侵蚀加剧。其结果是,侵蚀岸段扩大,淤涨岸段减少甚至转为侵蚀,潮间带宽度变窄,坡度加大,从而使沿岸海堤等挡潮工程的标准要相应提高。  相似文献   

6.
盐沼前缘陡坎是潮滩环境中盐沼与粉砂—淤泥质光滩交界处的独特地貌形态,研究其形成过程与机理有助于理解盐沼湿地对潮滩发育及其稳定性的影响。根据江苏中部海岸盐城自然保护区核心岸段互花米草盐沼前缘陡坎形态参数(凹槽长度、凹槽宽度和陡坎高度)的分析,发现不同的形态参数组合对应于不同的陡坎演化阶段。根据陡坎形态特征差异,可将盐沼前缘陡坎韵律性形态发育过程分为三个阶段,而这三阶段的交替旋回过程与近岸波向的季节性变化有关。陡坎处的地貌特征与前缘光滩的沉积物特征表明陡坎形态特征形成与波浪作用有关,且显著的陡坎韵律性形态能够部分地应用边缘波理论来解释。  相似文献   

7.
浙江瓯江口南岸潮滩相带的时空变化   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
谢钦春 Berg.  GW 《地理学报》1994,49(6):509-516
瓯江口南岸潮滩可分为三个沉积地貌相带:高潮滩物质由砂、泥混合沉积组成,沿岸沙堤增长;中潮滩物质以砂质为主,坑、洼地貌遍布,滩脊发育,是潮滩中最活跃,对水动力条件反映最敏感的相带;低潮滩物质由泥质组成,滩面平缓,是稳定的淤积带。潮滩相带的沉积物、地貌特征具有明显的时空变化,瓯江入海的水沙对瓯江口南岸潮滩演变产生明显的影响。  相似文献   

8.
典型海岸线指标识别与特征研究——以江苏中部海岸为例   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
李飞  曹可  赵建华  宋德瑞 《地理科学》2018,38(6):963-971
从海岸线空间资源监测和综合管理出发,对高潮线、湿地线、海堤线、堤坝线、植被线、水边线等典型海岸线指标类型和特征进行了探讨,并以江苏中部海岸为例,利用遥感技术提取2014年海岸线指标,并采用基线法和统计方法对海岸线指标空间分布及海岸演变特征进行了分析。结果显示:江苏中部射阳河口与梁垛河口之间岸段海岸线指标总体呈西北东南走向,自陆向海依次为湿地线、海堤线、堤坝线、高潮线、植被线和水边线,湿地线与水边线之间的湿地总面积达1 178.94 km2; 海滨湿地总体呈宽通道分布态势,总体纵深北高南低,其中湿地线-海堤线间平均纵深3 704 m,海堤线-堤坝线间平均纵深3 418 m,堤坝线-平均大潮高潮线间平均纵深447 m,高潮线-植被线间平均纵深984 m,植被线-水边线间平均纵深1 836 m; 海岸潮滩围垦长期活跃,尚未开发的潮上带区域仅分布在2个保护区岸段,潮间带盐沼在各个岸段均有分布,潮间带光滩保持了海岸总体冲淤态势,自北向南纵深逐步增大。  相似文献   

9.
牟奎南  宫兆宁  邱华昌 《地理学报》2021,76(9):2312-2328
潮沟是陆海生态系统交互作用的主要通道,具有高度的时空动态性。以黄河三角洲新旧河道为界,划分黄河北岸(Ⅰ区)、南岸东(Ⅱ区)、南岸西(Ⅲ区)为对比研究区,选择1998—2018年5个关键时间节点的遥感影像为数据源,利用GIS空间分析功能,定量表征了潮沟发育程度的典型形态特征参数,剖析了黄河改道、湿地恢复工程和外来物种入侵等因子对潮沟发育过程的影响,挖掘潮沟网络的时空演变规律。结果表明:① 潮沟的形态特征具有明显的时空异质性。从1998年黄河改道初期至2004年湿地恢复初期,Ⅰ区各等级潮沟数量大幅减少;由于潮滩淤进和互花米草固滩作用,Ⅱ区潮沟数量、密度、分汊率呈现增长趋势,在2013年互花米草的快速扩张期,潮沟曲率、分汊率明显增大;Ⅲ区潮沟发育的等级、长度、密度最大,等级间的转化频率最高,湿地恢复工程导致低等级潮沟数量、长度明显减少,较强的海洋动力抑制了潮沟曲流的发育。② 黄河改道和侧弯丁坝建设导致平均归槽长度(OPL)增大,潮沟网络的排水效率减少。互花米草的快速扩张使排水效率增大,OPL不断降低;潮沟发育程度Ⅲ区>Ⅱ区>Ⅰ区。③ 潮沟系统由快速变化青年期整体进入缓慢变化中年期,发育状态趋于动态平衡。研究成果有助于了解大范围潮沟的发育过程及演变机制,为沿岸潮滩开发与利用提供科学的决策支撑。  相似文献   

10.
长江口长兴,横沙岛潮滩沉积特征及其影响机制   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
杨世伦  徐海根 《地理学报》1994,49(5):449-456
长兴、横沙潮滩是典型的河口潮滩。其沉积物粒度在总体上较四周河道细,且具有从潮下带向潮上带沉积物质逐渐变细的趋势,但由于风浪和植被等因素的影响,局部高程的变化往往较为复杂;在沿岸方向上,以面向口外的开敞岸段最粗,顶江迎流的洲头滩次之,顺江两岸物质相对较细。在此基础上,提出了分汊河口冲积岛潮滩的基本沉积模式和河口潮滩与正常海岸潮滩的区别。  相似文献   

11.
Tidal creeks are the main channels of land-sea ecosystem interactions, and their high dynamics are an important factor affecting the hydrological connectivity of tidal flats.Taking the Yellow River Delta as the research area, we selected remote sensing images obtained during five periods from 1998 to 2018 as the data sources. Based on the spatial analysis function in GIS, the typical morphological characteristics of tidal creeks, such as the level,length, density, curvature, bifurcation ratio, and overmarsh path length(OPL), were extracted to characterize the degree of development of the tidal creeks in the Yellow River Delta wetlands. The spatio-temporal evolution of the tidal creeks was studied, and the development process and the characteristics of the tidal creeks during the different stages of development were investigated. The results revealed that(1) The number, density, and bifurcation ratio of tidal creeks exhibit an increasing trend, but the growth of the trend is slowing. The number of tidal creeks increased by 44.9% from the initial stage of the Yellow River diversion to the late stage of the wetland restoration, but it only increased by 26.2% from the late stage of the wetland restoration to the slow expansion of the Spartina alterniflora.(2) The curvature of the tidal creeks on the landward side is greater than that on the seaward side.(3) The development degree of tidal creek has spatial heterogenetiy, which is Area Ⅲ Area Ⅱ Area Ⅰ.(4)The drainage efficiency is significantly correlated with the tidal creak density and bifurcation ratio. Based on the analysis of the various morphological parameters and the drainage efficiency, it was found that after the rapid change in the tidal creek system in the early stage, the tidal creeks entered a state of slow change, and the development state of the tidal creeks tends to be in dynamic balance. The results of this study are expected to provide scientific support for the sustainable development and utilization of coastal tidal flats.  相似文献   

12.
Coastal salt marsh tidal creeks are thought to show less channel adjustment/movement relative to their terrestrial fluvial counterparts. We propose a mechanism for disturbance-mediated bank failure that may allow/initiate channel migration in these otherwise stable systems. The stability of tidal creeks is promoted by the extensive vegetation root structure along the banks. However, wrack mats (i.e., dead vegetation) deposited on creek banks can cause the death of below-ground vegetation leading to bare, unstable banks that may slump into the channel. We measured the frequency of bank failures associated with wrack-disturbed sites along three creeks on Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA to determine whether these sites were vulnerable to erosion. Approximately 81% of the disturbed sites showed signs of bank failure. Therefore, wrack-induced bank failure may potentially lead to channel migration in creeks previously believed to be static landscape features.  相似文献   

13.
为了探究互花米草(Spartinaalterniflora)入侵下滨海湿地潮沟的发育特征及其变化,采用随机森林分类技术和统计学分析方法,研究了2004?2020年黄河三角洲湿地互花米草的入侵过程,揭示了互花米草持续扩张下潮沟的形态特征及其变化.研究结果表明,现行黄河入海口两侧区域的互花米草群落扩张迅速,截至2020年7...  相似文献   

14.
It is common to obtain the topography of tidal flats by the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) photogrammetry,but this method is not applicable in tidal creeks.The residual water will lead to inaccurate depth inversion results,and the topography of tidal creeks mainly de-pends on manual survey.The present study took the tidal creek of Chuandong port in Jiangsu Province,China,as the research area and used UAV oblique photogrammetry to reconstruct the topography of the exposed part above the water after the ebb tide.It also proposed a Trend Prediction Fitting (TPF) method for the topography of the unexposed part below the water to obtain a complete 3D topography.The topography above the water measured by UAV has the vertical precision of 12 cm.When the TPF method is used,the cross-section should be perpendicular the central axis of the tidal creek.A polynomial function can be adapted to most shape of sections,while a Fourier function obtains better results in asym-metrical sections.Compared with the two-order function,the three-order function lends itself to more complex sections.Generally,the TPF method is more suitable for small,straight tidal creeks with clear texture and no vegetation cover.  相似文献   

15.
王进欣  张威  郭楠  李超  王今殊 《地理科学》2016,36(2):247-255
为了更好地理解在潮水和植被交互作用梯度上有机质、全氮和全磷分布的特殊性,分别于生长季和非生长季在苏北盐沼沿近潮沟带和远潮沟带2条样线布设9个固定采样区,采集土壤样品,测定土壤有机质、全氮和全磷的含量。结果表明:植被和潮水的交互作用是决定土壤有机质、全氮和全磷时空变化的关键因素。相对于潮水,植被的影响更为稳定和持久;盐沼土壤有机质和全氮含量具有显著的空间和月份变化,空间变化主要包括植被带(潮水)梯度上和样带间(潮流)的差异,在植被带(潮水)梯度上植被带高于光滩,而植被带间呈现由海向陆的递减趋势,即互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)>盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)>獐茅(Aeluropus littoralis)>芦苇( Phragmites australis);有机质样带间差异表现为在低位盐沼远潮沟带大于近潮沟带,而中位盐沼却是近潮沟带大于远潮沟带,全磷含量时间和空间变化上均不具显著性;pH、土壤含水量和盐分含量等与潮水作用直接相关的因子与距海距离呈负相关关系,土壤有机质、全氮和全磷与距海距离也表现为负相关关系,而土壤有机质、全氮和全磷含量与pH、土壤含水量及盐分含量等因子为正相关关系,一定程度上诠释了潮水对土壤有机质、全氮和全磷含量变化的影响。  相似文献   

16.
人类活动对苏北潮滩发育的影响   总被引:14,自引:5,他引:9  
吴小根  王爱军 《地理科学》2005,25(5):614-620
江苏北部潮滩宽阔而平坦,历史上就是人类活动比较频繁的地区。随着对潮滩开发利用强度和深度的增加,人类对潮滩发育的影响越来越显著。潮滩剖面自然发育的均衡形态为上凸型;潮滩被围垦并建堤后,改变了原有的水沙动态平衡关系,潮滩剖面形态发生了调整,海堤附近的潮水沟则不断被淤积。大米草和互花米草等植被的引种改变了潮滩生态结构,由于植被能降低水流流速和波浪能量,起到捕捉沉积物的作用,因此能增加潮间带滩面的淤积速率,改变潮滩分带结构;此外,植被的存在还影响到滩面潮水沟的形态。港口工程的建设改变了沉积物的输运方向。  相似文献   

17.
The northeast-trending Pallatanga right-lateral strike-slip fault runs across the Western Cordillera connecting N50E-N70E trending normal faults in the Gulf of Guayaquil with N-S reverse faults in the Interandean Depression. Over most of its length, the fault trace has been partly obscured by erosional processes and can be inferred in the topography only at the large scale. Only the northern fault segment, which follows the upper Rio Pangor valley at elevations above 3600 m, is prominent in the morphology. Valleys and ridges cut and offset by the fault provide an outstanding record of right-lateral cumulative fault displacement. The fault geometry and kinematics of this particular fault segment can be determined from detailed topographic levellings. The fault strikes N30E and dips 75 to the NW. Depending on their size and nature, transverse morphological features such as tributaries of the Rio Pangor and intervening ridges, reveal right-lateral offsets which cluster around 27 ± 11m, 41.5 ± 4 m, 590 ± 65 m and 960 ± 70 m. The slip vector deduced from the short-term offsets shows a slight reverse component with a pitch of about 11.5 SW. The 41.5 ± 4 m displacements are assumed to be coeval with the last glacial termination, yielding a mean Holocene slip-rate of 2.9- 4.6 mm yr−1. Assuming a uniform slip rate on the fault in the long term, the 27 m offset appears to correlate with an identified middle Holocene morphoclimatic event, and the long term offsets of 590 m and 960 m coincide with the glacial terminations at the beginning of the last two interglacial periods.  相似文献   

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