共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
对我国南方中新生代地洼盆地中的砂岩铜矿床进行了化学动力学与热力学的理论与实验研究。矿源岩中以辉铜矿和黄铜矿最有利于溶解和迁移，ＮａＣｌ对Ｃｕ的溶解和含矿流体的形成起了催化作用。溶液中Ｃｕ以络合物的形式迁移，其中以一价铜氯络合物为主；温度的降低和溶液中性化导致了络合物的失稳、分解和铜矿物的沉淀。铜矿物的化学动力学和热力学制约了砂岩铜矿中以辉铜矿为主及矿床分带的形成。 相似文献
2.
斑岩型铜矿床成矿过程中铜的迁移与沉淀机制研究新进展 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
作为主要铜源的斑岩型铜矿床一直是研究、生产部门关注的热点。依据多年研究成果和大量文献资料,并以德兴斑岩铜矿研究新成果为实例,综述了斑岩铜矿矿质迁移沉淀机制研究的新进展,包括铜的迁移形式和演化,流体演化对铜络合物作用,铜在熔体相、流体相和晶体相配分以及铜居留场所和形式等。 相似文献
3.
维拉斯托-拜仁达坝锌铜多金属矿床为近几年大兴安岭中南段西坡发现的较大的2个银多金属矿床,主要对2个矿床矿石矿物组合分析和对比,对主要的矿石矿物组合进行扫描电子显微镜-能谱分析和电子探针分析显示:从早期到晚期,矿物组合从高温钨酸盐和氧化物-复硫化物-硫化物-低温含锑硫盐矿物(锑化物);银的赋存状态主要为可见银矿物,其次为晶格银(类质同象)和次显微包裹银,其中生成顺序依次为含银黝铜矿+银锑黝铜矿+黝锑银矿-辉锑铅银矿+柱硫锑铅银矿+深红银矿+锑银矿.根据不同成矿阶段的矿物组合和流体包裹体特征得出:成矿早期在氧化偏酸性环境下,W、Sn等以钨酸、钨酸盐等形式迁移,Zn2+、Pb2+、Cu+等金属离子以氯络合物形式迁移;随着黑钨矿气化沉淀及成矿流体物理化学条件的变化,成矿中-晚期成矿环境变为弱碱性还原条件,成矿流体中金属离子以硫氢络合物迁移为主,伴着温度降低和围岩的水-岩作用,硫氢络合物分解,导致磁黄铁矿等硫化物、硫锑银矿物、硫锑铅矿等依次沉淀. 相似文献
4.
滇西中新生代红层中的改造型铜矿床，在矿物组合上以大量富集黝铜矿族矿物为特色，主要包括砷黝铜矿和黝铜矿，且是矿石中最主要的组分。本文对其物理和化学特征、同位素组成进行了研究，指出它们在形成上与岩浆热液作用无关，是热卤水成矿的结果。 相似文献
5.
大厂矿田产黝铜矿族矿物的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对广西大厂矿田产黝铜矿族矿物进行了系统研究。根据大量电子探针分析数据分为黝铜矿、锌黝铜矿、银黝铜矿、含银黝铜矿和含银锌黝铜矿。研究表明,在大厂矿田、乃至一个矿床中,黝铜矿族矿物中的Cu和Ag、Fe和Zn分别呈完全的类质同象系列,这一特征在文献中是极为少见的。 相似文献
6.
SiO2与成矿元素Sb络合作用的实验研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
实验测定了250℃时Sb在含硅和无硅体系中的溶解度。对比研究指出，SiO2的存在明显有利于Sb的溶解，并且Sb溶解度随NaOH浓度的增加而增大。在无硅NaOH体系中，Sb（OH）03基络合物是Sb的主要存在形式。含硅体系中，大量可溶Si的存在，使其有可能与Sb络合形成Sb－Si络合物，在低温贫硫富硅热液中溶解、迁移。体系各种条件的改变，促使SiO2沉淀，是导致Sb－Si络合物不稳定、引起Sb沉淀的主要因素，也是硅化与Sb矿化密切共生的原因所在。 相似文献
7.
世界上所有的铂族金属矿床都有热液流体活动的迹象。影响铂族元素(PGE)成矿的流体主要有两类:堆晶体后期流体(>500℃)和岩浆后期流体(<500℃)。低温热液(<500℃)中,PGE可能主要以氯络合物及氢硫基络合物的形式运移;高温热液(>500℃)中,PGE可能主要以氯络合物的形式运移。在详细论述不同温度、压力条件下的热液流体中PGE溶解性质的基础上,分析了PGE在流体中的溶解、迁移、富集及可能的沉淀机制,为探寻PGE矿床的成因提供一个突破口。 相似文献
8.
9.
云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床成矿元素迁移和沉淀机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
云南会泽铅锌矿床是扬子块西南缘川―滇―黔接壤区的铅锌银多金属矿集区已探明的唯一超大型铅锌矿床,矿床规模大（Pb＋Zn探明储量超过500万吨）、品位高（Pb＋Zn平均品位大于25%）、伴生元素多（Ag、Ge、Cd、Ga等）,有很高的研究和经济价值。本文在总结该矿床地质特征、成矿流体性质及来源基础上,探讨了成矿流体迁移和沉淀机制。研究表明,低温（150～200℃）条件下,Zn主要以硫氢化物络合物迁移,少量呈氯化物络合物形式;Pb主要以氯化物络合物,少量以硫氢化物络合物形式进行迁移;高温（300～400℃）条件下,Pb、Zn主要以氯化物络合物的形式进行迁移。流体混合作用导致成矿流体温度降低,还原硫和Cl-浓度降低,pH值升高和氧逸度降低是成矿元素沉淀的主要机制。 相似文献
10.
论西南地区部分金、铜矿床中黝铜矿族矿物 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文论述了黝铜矿族矿物在成分标型研究方面的新进展.其一般化学式为:(Cu,Ag)_(10)(Cu、Fe、Zn、Hg、Pb、Cd)_2(As、Sb、 Bi、Te、Sn)_4(S、Se)_(13)。黝铜矿的具体命名是:凡金属元素的原子数大于0.5者,都应按原子数由0.5到大的顺序参加命名.文中列举了西南地区诸多金矿和铜矿中的富锑黝铜矿(偏岩子)、富铁黝铜矿(耳泽)、富砷黝铜矿(邛莫)、富铋黝铜矿(姚安)、富锡黝铜矿(李伍)等成分分析资料和化学式计算及命名的实际资料。 相似文献
11.
碳酸盐岩作为一种化学岩类其物性受成岩作用的影响十分明显,溶解作用是否发育直接关系到碳酸盐岩储层质量的好坏。碳酸盐矿物在埋藏环境中的溶解度与地层水的化学成分、环境的温度、pH等有着密切的关系。利用地层水化学资料,根据化学热力学的理论,通过方解石及白云石与地层水作用的平衡反应,计算吉布斯自由能变化ΔG,以此来判断方解石及白云石的溶解趋势,并建立了封闭系统中这两种矿物与水作用的热力学模型。根据这个理论模型,对塔北地区159口井奥陶系及6口井的寒武系地层水进行了ΔG的计算,结果显示,塔北地区碳酸盐岩与地层水反应的ΔG基本为负值,表明该地区总体处于碳酸盐岩溶解的环境,寒武系白云岩反应的自由能小于奥陶系灰岩,即在这种深埋条件下白云岩比灰岩更易溶解,这一点在实际岩芯资料上及前人的实验模拟中均有显示。塔北于奇地区自由能的计算结果也为负值,说明该地区强烈的充填作用并非发生在现今条件下,于奇地区现今的埋藏环境是有利于碳酸盐矿物溶解的,这一结论也在该地区奥陶系及寒武系岩芯上得到了验证。 相似文献
12.
利用自行研制的三轴岩盐溶解试验机,实现在三轴应力条件下岩盐试样溶解试验。进行三轴应力条件下溶液浓度、温度、流量以及偏应力4个因素相互耦合状态的岩盐溶解速率正交试验,研究各个因素对岩盐溶解速率的影响规律。对任意两个影响因素分别进行二元线性回归,根据其标准回归系数对岩盐溶解速率相对重要性比值构建判断矩阵,运用层次分析法计算各个影响因素的权值。研究结果表明,岩盐溶解速率随着浓度增大迅速降低,随着温度升高而增大,随着流量增大缓慢增加,但变化并不明显;随着偏应力增大先减小,后缓慢增大。极差分析和权值计算结果表明,岩盐溶解速率影响因素主次关系依次为浓度、温度、流量和偏应力。4个因素对岩盐溶解速率影响权值大小依次为0.570、0.384、0.048、0.005,其中浓度和温度两个影响因素权重占到95%。 相似文献
13.
多年冻土区典型地面浅层地温对降水的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在大气-地面-冻土之间存在复杂的水热变化过程,降水是青藏高原地区主要的水分补给来源,在浅层形成水热变化的不连续层。通过对北麓河地区降水和工程路面(沥青路面、砂砾路面)、天然地面(高寒草原、高寒草甸)浅层(0~80cm)温度数据的原位监测,分析在不同降水量和不同时段浅层的温度变化,结果表明:北麓河地区年降水量逐年增加,增加速率为22.9mma-1。降雨主要集中在5~9月。白天地温对降水的响应比夜间强烈。工程路面夜间的温度变化大于天然地面。在相同降水条件下, 10:00~15:30时段的温度变化量大于16:00~18:00时段。随着降雨量的增加,温度下降幅度增大。砂砾、高寒草原、高寒草甸地面地温对降水的响应深度范围为0~30cm。受路面结构中隔水层的影响,沥青路面为0~20cm,且5cm深度温度的变化幅度大于地表。为进一步研究不同地面类型不同水热传输模式层结的划分提供数据基础。 相似文献
14.
鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系不同组构碳酸盐岩埋藏溶蚀实验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层受埋藏溶蚀作用控制明显,而地层深部复杂的水-岩反应造成埋藏溶蚀研究难度较大,并进而影响了储层的评价与预测。分别利用CO2溶液和乙酸溶液为流体介质进行溶蚀模拟实验,探讨埋藏条件下温度、压力、流体等因素对不同矿物及组构碳酸盐岩溶蚀作用的影响。结果表明:1）随着温度与压力升高,碳酸盐岩样品在乙酸溶液中的溶解速率均相应提高,在CO2溶液中的溶解速率则先增加后减小,且在110℃~130℃区间内溶蚀速率最大;深埋藏环境下,各岩类溶蚀速率差异减小,并趋于一致;2）岩石矿物成分和组构,原岩初始孔隙度的大小及其连通关系,以及晶体的产状对成岩后期的埋藏溶蚀作用也具有重要的影响。不溶组分含量低、颗粒/灰泥比高、矿物成分复杂的碳酸盐岩由于组构选择性溶蚀作用而更易被溶蚀;碳酸盐岩的溶蚀速率随方解石含量的增加而增加,但深埋藏环境下,矿物成分含量差异对溶蚀速率的影响作用减弱;硬石膏与白云岩相伴生时,可优先溶蚀形成膏模孔,并促进白云石的溶解,改善储层效果。不同岩性,总体上灰岩较白云岩及过渡岩类更易发生埋藏溶蚀作用。结合研究区实际地质条件分析,砂屑灰岩、膏质白云岩等埋藏溶蚀强度较大,通过对原岩早期组构选择性溶蚀形成孔隙的继承和调整,叠加埋藏期岩溶作用后,可形成规模优质储层。 相似文献
15.
Continuous compositional zoning in amphibole grains in strongly deformed and lineated amphibolites from the Eastern Blue Ridge, North Carolina indicates that most of the deformation was accommodated by dissolution–precipitation creep. Amphibole in most samples shows moderate prograde and/or retrograde zoning parallel to the long‐axis with compositions ranging between magnesiohornblende and tschermakite. In one sample, grains are zoned from actinolitic (Si = 7.9 p.f.u.) cores to tschermakitic (Si = 6.2 p.f.u) rims. Amphibole‐plagioclase thermometry suggests prograde growth temperatures as low as 400 °C, but typically range from 650 to 730 °C and retrograde growth temperatures <700 °C. These estimates are corroborated quantitatively with amphibole‐garnet‐plagioclase thermobarometry and qualitatively with a positive correlation between TiO2 concentration in amphibole and calculated temperature. This growth zoning provides persuasive evidence that amphibole precipitation produced the fabric, but evidence for dissolution is less common. It is present, however in the form of truncations of complicated zoning patterns produced by healed fractures and overgrowths in low‐temperature cores by high‐temperature tschermakitic grains lacking similar internal structures. The preservation of this network of straight cracks filled with optically continuous amphibole also provides evidence against the operation of dislocation creep even to temperatures >700 °C because dislocation‐creep would have deformed the fracture network. Thus, these amphibolites deformed by dissolution–precipitation creep that produced a strong linear fabric under upper amphibolite facies, middle‐to‐lower crustal conditions. The significance of this discovery is that dissolution–precipitation creep is activated at lower stresses than dislocation creep and that the strength of the lower crust, where amphibole is the dominant mineral is probably lower than that derived from experimental studies. 相似文献
16.
四川石棉金矿床中的黝铜矿族矿物 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
四川石棉西部碳酸盐岩系中的金矿床产于泥盆系中统,受层间蚀变破碎带控制。其中分布有为数较多的黟同矿族矿物,与黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿和Ａｕ－Ａｇ系列矿物共同组成矿石的矿物组合和Ａｕ－Ｃｕ－Ａｇ－Ｐｂ－Ａｓ－Ｓｂ－Ｂｉ的元素组合。电子探针分析表明黝铜矿族矿物有同铜矿、黝铜矿、砷黝铜矿和锌砷黝铜帮等,其中,Ｆｅ－Ｚｎ、ＡｓＳｂ之间分别呈完全类质同象。在垂向上,黝铜矿的成分自上而下由富锌锑向富铁砷演 相似文献
17.
Alkali feldspar dissolution and secondary mineral precipitation in batch systems: 3. Saturation states of product minerals and reaction paths 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In order to evaluate the complex interplay between dissolution and precipitation reaction kinetics, we examined the hypothesis of partial equilibria between secondary mineral products and aqueous solutions in feldspar-water systems. Speciation and solubility geochemical modeling was used to compute the saturation indices (SI) for product minerals in batch feldspar dissolution experiments at elevated temperatures and pressures and to trace the reaction paths on activity-activity diagrams. The modeling results demonstrated: (1) the experimental aqueous solutions were supersaturated with respect to product minerals for almost the entire duration of the experiments; (2) the aqueous solution chemistry did not evolve along the phase boundaries but crossed the phase boundaries at oblique angles; and (3) the earlier precipitated product minerals did not dissolve but continued to precipitate even after the solution chemistry had evolved into the stability fields of minerals lower in the paragenesis sequence. These three lines of evidence signify that product mineral precipitation is a slow kinetic process and partial equilibria between aqueous solution and product minerals were not held. In contrast, the experimental evidences are consistent with the hypothesis of strong coupling of mineral dissolution/precipitation kinetics [e.g., Zhu C., Blum A. E. and Veblen D. R. (2004a) Feldspar dissolution rates and clay precipitation in the Navajo aquifer at Black Mesa, Arizona, USA. In Water-Rock Interaction (eds. R. B. Wanty and R. R. I. Seal). A.A. Balkema, Saratoga Springs, New York. pp. 895-899]. In all batch experiments examined, the time of congruent feldspar dissolution was short and supersaturation with respect to the product minerals was reached within a short period of time. The experimental system progressed from a dissolution driven regime to a precipitation limited regime in a short order. The results of this study suggest a complex feedback between dissolution and precipitation reaction kinetics, which needs to be considered in the interpretation of field based dissolution rates. 相似文献
18.
Mechanism and kinetics of pseudomorphic mineral replacement reactions: A case study of the replacement of pentlandite by violarite 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Fang Xia Guorong Chen Brian O’Neill Allan Pring 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2009,73(7):1945-6224
Although pseudomorphic mineral replacement reactions are common in all geological environments, and have long been considered important to many geological processes such as metamorphism, metasomatism, diagenesis, and chemical weathering, their mechanisms are still not well known. We present a combined textural and kinetic study of the replacement of pentlandite, (Fe,Ni)9S8, by violarite (NiFe)3S4, and describe the mechanisms and kinetic behavior of this reaction by considering the role of the fluid phase, the causes of coupling between pentlandite dissolution and violarite precipitation, the rate-limiting steps controlling the kinetic behavior, and the origin of the length scale of the features preserved during pseudomorphism.The experiments were conducted under mild hydrothermal conditions (80-210 °C, vapor saturated pressures). Reaction kinetics shows a complex behavior depending on various physical and chemical parameters including temperature, pH, concentrations of various reaction species, solid-weight-to-fluid-volume-ratio and specific surface area. The rate of replacement (i) increases with temperature from 80 to 125 °C, then decreases as temperature further increases to 210 °C, (ii) first increases then decreases with decreasing pH from pH 6 to 1, (iii) increases with increasing concentration of oxidants such as O2(aq), H2O2, and KMnO4, but decreases with increasing concentration of Ni2+ and Fe3+, and with increasing solid-weight-to-fluid-volume ratio, (iv) increases linearly with the specific surface area. This kinetic behavior as well as the resulting textures revealed a coupled dissolution-reprecipitation reaction mechanism.Nanometer-scale pseudomorphic replacement, through which the crystallographic orientation of pentlandite is inherited by violarite, occurs only between 1 < pH < 6, and spatial coupling between dissolution and reprecipitation is controlled by the local solution chemistry as well as by epitaxial nucleation mediated by the pentlandite substrate. The kinetic results show that pentlandite dissolution is rate-limiting under mild acidic to neutral conditions (1 < pH < 6), while violarite precipitation is rate-limiting under strong acidic conditions (pH 1). The difference in rate-limiting steps influences the coupling mechanism and causes the different degrees of preservation (length scale of pseudomorphism) and different morphologies observed at high and low pHs: pentlandite dissolution being rate-limiting results in nanoscale coupling between dissolution and precipitation and thus nanoscale pseudomorphism (length scale <20 nm), in which the replacement precisely preserves the morphology and internal details, resembling remarkably the natural pentlandite/violarite assemblages. In contrast, violarite precipitation being rate-limiting results in microscale pseudomorphism (length scale ∼10 μm): the morphology of the pentlandite grains is only roughly preserved and internal details are not preserved.This case study illustrates some general principles of replacement reactions proceeding via the coupled dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism: (i) primary mineral dissolution needs to be rate-limiting compared to the secondary mineral precipitation in order to achieve a high degree pseudomorphic replacement; (ii) the effects of solution composition on reaction kinetics can be qualitatively rationalized by considering the rate-limiting step reaction. 相似文献
19.
Weathering rates of silicate minerals observed in the laboratory are in general up to five orders of magnitude higher than
those inferred from field studies. Simple calculations show that even if the field conditions were fully simulated in standard
laboratory experiments, it would be impossible to measure the slow rates of mineral dissolution that are observed in the field.
As it is not possible to measure the dissolution rates under typical field conditions, one should extrapolate the available
data to the field conditions. To do this, a rate law for the dissolution of plagioclase in the field was formulated by combining
the far from equilibrium dissolution rate of weathered natural oligoclase at 25°C with the effect of deviation from equilibrium
on dissolution rate of fresh albite at 80°C. In contrast to the common view that laboratory experiments predict dissolution
rates that are faster than those in the field, the simulation based on this rate law indicates that laboratory dissolution
experiments actually predict slower rates than those observed in the field. This discrepancy is explained by the effect of
precipitation of secondary minerals on the degree of saturation of the primary minerals and therefore on their dissolution
rate. Indeed, adding kaolinite precipitation to the simulation significantly enhances the dissolution rate of the plagioclase.
Moreover, a strong coupling between oligoclase dissolution and kaolinite precipitation was observed in the simulation. We
suggest that such a coupling must exist in the field as well. Therefore, any attempt to predict the dissolution rate in the
field requires knowledge of the rate of the secondary mineral precipitation. 相似文献
20.
埋藏历史对碳酸盐溶解-沉淀的影响——以四川盆地东北部三叠系飞仙关组和塔里木盆地北部奥陶系为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
埋藏成岩过程中碳酸盐的溶解与沉淀强烈控制着深埋藏地层中碳酸盐岩储层质量,与之有关的地质过程是人们多年来不懈研究的热点领域。热流体沿断裂向上运移所造成的碳酸盐溶解成为近年人们普遍认可的模式,但这不能圆满解释大量存在的不与断裂伴生的深埋藏碳酸盐的溶解机制。基于四川盆地东北部和塔里木盆地北部深埋藏碳酸盐溶解与沉淀机制的研究,认为埋藏过程中盆地的沉降与抬升是碳酸盐溶解与沉淀以及次生孔隙发育的另一重要机制,在改变流体对碳酸盐饱和状况方面具有和热流体沿断裂向上运移相同的重要性。研究表明:与川东北飞仙关组类似的埋藏历史更有利于深埋藏成岩过程中碳酸盐的溶解,主要特点是当前埋藏深度不是最大埋藏深度,在最大埋藏深度附近发生热化学硫酸盐还原作用,其后盆地持续抬升造成温度降低和碳酸盐溶解,与之有关的次生孔隙形成所造成的岩石力学性质的变化与上覆载荷减小可以得到平衡,次生孔隙得以保存,岩石储层质量改善;塔里木盆地北部的奥陶系埋藏历史不利于深埋藏成岩过程碳酸盐的溶解,主要特点是当前埋藏深度是最大埋藏深度,古喀斯特发生之后盆地持续沉降造成温度升高和碳酸盐沉淀,并与上覆载荷的增加同步发生,结果是孔隙的封堵、岩石的致密化和储层质量的变差。 相似文献