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夏日哈木铜镍矿是在东昆仑造山带首次被发现的岩浆熔离型矿床,该类型矿床是青海省铜镍矿勘查研究方向之一.笔者通过夏日哈木镍矿成矿特征研究认为:碰撞伸展环境是夏日哈木超大型镍-钴硫化物矿形成的基本条件,成岩成矿年龄集中于早泥盆世,岩体侵位于古元古代金水口白沙河组,参与后期混染成矿作用.对柴达木南北缘岩浆熔离型镍矿的成矿条件分析发现:泥盆纪热事件显示柴达木盆地南、北缘在该期均发生了碰撞伸展作用和成矿作用,镁铁质-超镁铁质岩均侵入古老地层,地层硫参与成矿作用;成矿镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体与物探磁异常,Ni、Co、Cu组合异常相对应.综合分析,柴达木南北缘岩浆熔离型镍矿的找矿潜力大,提出了今后柴达木南北缘岩浆熔离型镍矿勘查重点是柴达木南缘的昆中岩浆弧带、柴达木北缘高压变质岩带、欧龙布鲁克陆块. 相似文献
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中国镍矿成矿规律初探 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
我国镍矿可分为岩浆型、海相沉积型和风化壳型3种预测类型.矿床形成时代较为连续,最早形成于中—新元古代,最晚形成于新生代,其中中—新元古代和晚古生代是形成矿床的两个高峰期;中—新元古代矿床主要分布在华北地块和扬子地块周缘,晚古生代镍矿主要分布在中亚造山带、峨眉山和塔里木大火成岩省范围内.岩浆型镍矿主要形成于大陆边缘裂解、造山带后碰撞伸展以及地幔柱3种构造背景,根据不同构造背景并结合主要岩浆作用特点,将与幔源基性—超基性岩有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿系列类型划分出与大陆裂解边缘幔源基性—超基性岩浆作用有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型、与地幔柱基性—超基性岩浆作用有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型、与造山带俯冲作用下幔源基性—超基性岩有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型、与造山带后碰撞伸展背景下幔源基性—超基性岩有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型等4种亚类型.分别对中—新元古代与大陆边缘裂解有关的镍铜(铂)矿床、寒武纪与黑色页岩有关的海相沉积型镍钼钒矿床、早二叠世与造山带伸展背景有关的镍铜矿床、晚二叠世与大火成岩省有关的镍铜(铂)矿床、新生代与风化壳有关的镍金矿床及其对应的典型矿床特征和成矿模式进行了叙述;认为大陆裂解边缘、地幔柱、造山带后碰撞伸展是我国镍矿形成的有利成矿地质背景,与邻近深大断裂、镁铁—超镁铁岩体、高MgO的原生岩浆(高镁玄武质岩浆)、深部岩浆作用、硫饱和与硫化物熔离共同组成岩浆型镍矿的6个重要地质条件. 相似文献
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《物探化探计算技术》2016,(4)
甘肃龙首山隆起区位于阿拉善地块西南缘,镍资源丰富,矿床类型相对简单为岩浆型,以分布世界级的金川超大型铜镍硫化物矿床而闻名。在龙首山地区,除了金川镁铁-超镁铁质岩体之外,还断续分布有20多个镁铁质-超镁铁质侵入体,呈岩墙状、脉状及岩株状产出,构成一条重要的镁铁-超镁铁质岩带。区内分布多处镍铜矿床、矿点,矿床类型为岩浆型。这里从成镍带的角度,探讨了龙首山地区镍矿找矿方向,认为寻找隐伏岩体及深部找矿尤为重要。 相似文献
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安徽已知磷矿床、点共计80余处,按成因分类可分为沉积型、岩浆岩型、沉积变质型及生物堆积型磷矿床等四大类。其中,以分布在秦岭－大别造山带中的沉积变质型磷灰岩矿床亚类中的“海州式”磷矿工业价值为最大,其查明资源储量为全省磷资源量94%;其次,为分布于华北地层区内、处于华北陆块构造单元的浅-滨海相沉积磷块岩矿床亚类中的“凤台式”磷矿和扬子地层区内,处于扬子陆块一级构造单元的岩浆矿床－岩浆气成－热液磷灰石岩矿床亚类中的“凹山式”磷灰石磷矿,其他类型（亚类）磷矿因规模小、品位低,资源零星。 相似文献
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硫化铜镍矿床是典型的岩浆矿床,其成矿母岩几乎皆为基性、超基性岩。但是,并不是所有的基性、超基性岩都产有硫化铜镍矿床。在成矿的各种控制因素中,岩浆成分是其中最重要的控制因素。本文试图从成矿元素与造岩元素的关系来探讨镁铁质岩浆携带硫化镍矿的能 相似文献
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西北地区地处中亚构造域和特提斯构造域的交汇处,中间夹有塔里木克拉通和华北克拉通的西段。地质历史上,两个克拉通及其裂解的微陆块的形成和运动史,基本约束了中国西北部的构造发展历程。围绕克拉通及微陆块的显生宙造山带基本是其周缘增生的结果,由于大陆运移,其他大陆边缘增生的产物,在早三叠世(210 Ma)大陆汇聚中也添加了进来,这些造山带及其陆块边缘的增生是西北各种内生金属矿床的重要形成背景。同时,新元古代、晚古生代陆内与地幔柱有关的大火成岩省的发育,为铜镍等重要矿床的形成提供了条件。此外,在克拉通及其微陆块形成和后期的叠生盆地中,形成了重要的沉积和沉积变质矿床。西北地区近年来重要找矿发现,不断印证了西北克拉通边缘板块构造增生和板内幔源构造岩浆作用成矿的特点,并对传统的地质背景构造认识提出了挑战。这其中,最具经济价值和地质意义的是3个超大型金属矿床的发现:西天山早石炭世阿吾拉勒火山-次火山岩浆喷溢型磁铁矿矿床、东昆仑早泥盆世夏日哈木岩浆深部熔离-贯入型铜镍矿床和西昆仑侏罗—白垩纪火烧云构造热液型铅锌矿床。阿吾拉勒磁铁矿矿床是中国首例火山-次火山岩浆喷溢型磁铁矿矿床,可与智利的拉科超大型典型磁铁矿矿床对比,且更具有经济价值,该矿床的勘查和研究为深入理解中亚造山带天山及其邻区石炭纪裂谷型火山岩浆作用与成矿提供了研究的范例;夏日哈木铜镍矿是中国近年来最重要的铜镍矿发现,探明镍资源量已达百万吨以上,该矿床的发现为查明中国早古生代末期新的岩浆铜镍成矿事件及其找矿潜力提供了研究新区;火烧云铅锌矿床是新近发现的具有超大型资源潜力的铅锌矿床,也是喀喇昆仑—三江造山带中蕴藏的中新生代巨型铅锌成矿带上最重要的成矿发现,为深化研究青藏高原东北缘巨型铅锌成矿带的成矿物质来源和构造控矿机制提供了新的基地。 相似文献
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与幔源镁铁-超镁铁质岩浆密切相关的铜镍硫化物矿床,因深部地幔动力学机制不同在地球表壳的分布极不均衡。中国岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床分布不均匀,主要产出于板块内部或其边缘。为认识中国铜镍矿床的形成特点,进一步明确找矿方向,通过综合分析已有典型岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床,发现该类矿床基本形成于新元古代晚期、早古生代晚期及晚古生代晚期,且均无一例外地就位于板块内部或其边缘的造山带中,是硫化物熔离后的岩浆多期侵位的结果。通过系统研究岩浆铜镍矿床深部过程及地质、物探、化探、遥感有利成矿信息,结合找矿突破的最新勘查进展,指出中国西北部是岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床的重要成矿潜力地区,稳定地块边缘仍是主要的找矿方向。 相似文献
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中国镍资源丰富,同时也是镍资源消费大国。矿床类型相对简单,主要为岩浆型,其次为海相沉积型和风化壳型3种。矿床形成时代从中—新元古代一直延续到新生代,主要集中在新元古代和晚古生代两个高峰期;空间分布较为集中,主要分布在西北、西南和东北地区,往往具有成群分布的特征。大陆边缘裂解、碰撞造山期后伸展以及地幔柱是形成中国镍矿床的3种重要构造背景。在全国Ⅲ级成矿区带的基础上,以镍矿床的空间分布特征为基础,以成矿规律和成矿条件为依据,在全国范围内划分30个成镍带;对东天山、甘—新北山、龙首山、吉中—延边、康滇、扬子南缘等6个成镍带的主要特征进行了简单叙述;从成镍带的角度,探讨了中国镍矿找矿方向,认为深部找矿尤其值得重视。 相似文献
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The nickel deposits mainly distributed in 19 provinces and autonomous regions in China are 339 ore deposits/occurrences, including 4 super large-scale deposits, 14 large-scale deposits, 26 middle-scale deposits, 75 small-scale deposits, and 220 mineralized occurrences. The prediction types of mineral resources of nickel deposits are magmatic type, marine sedimentary type and regolith type. The formation age is from the Neoarchean to the Cenozoic with two peaks in the Neoproterozoic and the late Paleozoic. The nickel deposits formed in the Neoproterozoic are located on the margin of the North China Block and Yangtze Block, and those formed in the late Paleozoic are mainly distributed in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), Emeishan and the Tarim Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs). Magmatic nickel deposits are mainly related with broken-up continental margin, post-collision extension of the orogenic belt and mantle plume. According to different tectonic backgrounds and main characteristics of magmatism, the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series types of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks can be divided into 4 subtypes: (1) the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in the broken-up continental margin, (2) the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in mantle plume magmatism, (3) the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in the subduction of the orogenic belt, and (4) the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in post-collision extension of the orogenic belt. We have discussed in this paper the typical characteristics and metallogenic models for Neoproterozoic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits related with broken-up continental margin, Cambrian marine sedimentary Ni-Mo-V deposits related with black shale, early Permian Ni-Cu deposits related with post-collision extension of the orogenic belt, late Permian Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits related with Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs), and Cenozoic Ni-Au deposits related with regolith. The broken-up continental margin, mantle plume and post-collision extension of the orogenic belt are important ore-forming geological backgrounds, and the discordogenic fault, mafic-ultramafic intrusion, high MgO primitive magma (high-MgO basaltic magma), deep magmatism, sulfur saturation and sulfide segregation are 6 important geological conditions for the magmatic nickel deposits. 相似文献
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【研究目的】金矿是华北地区的优势矿种之一,资源丰富、类型多样。开展华北地区金矿资源特征与成矿规律研究,对于进一步开展金矿勘查工作部署具有重要意义。【研究方法】本文系统收集和整理了已有金矿地质资料,全面总结了华北地区金矿资源禀赋、矿床类型、时空分布规律、控矿因素、成矿演化及资源潜力。【研究结果】从矿床成因角度,华北地区金矿类型可划分为花岗-绿岩型、火山岩型、岩浆热液型、变质碎屑岩中热液型、砂金型和风化壳型等6大类;从矿产预测角度,可划分为44个矿产预测类型,其中与岩浆岩、火山岩、绿岩建造有关金矿类型最为重要。根据金矿演化规律,将华北地区金成矿划分为五台—吕梁期、华力西期、印支期、燕山期、喜马拉雅期等5个主成矿期,其中燕山期为金矿爆发期。金矿主要产出于华北克拉通边缘、裂谷带及造山带内,形成于大陆裂谷、岛弧（火山弧）、活动大陆边缘等构造环境。【结论】本文在华北地区划分出47处金矿重要找矿远景区,并提出加强重要找矿远景区及矿集区深部金矿资源勘查是实现找矿突破的重要途径。创新点：全面系统地梳理、总结了华北地区金矿资源特征、矿床类型、时空分布规律及资源潜力,划分了47处金矿重要找矿远景区。 相似文献
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中国岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床是国家镍、钴、铂族元素等战略性关键金属资源的主要来源,是需要特别关注的具有未来价值的重要矿床类型。该类矿床来源于上地幔,特别是软流圈的部分熔融形成的镁铁质、超镁铁质岩浆,硫化物液相?硅酸盐熔体的不混溶（熔离）作用是成矿的主要机制。它们主要形成于两种背景:大陆裂谷和造山带中的伸展环境。中国是岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床的产出大国,但与国外相比,形成背景和成矿动力学机制比较独特。世界上绝大多数岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床都形成于古老的克拉通,是地幔柱地球动力作用的结果,太古代—早元古代的科马提岩镍钴硫化物矿床是鲜明的产出特点。中国缺少古老的科马提岩有关的镍钴硫化物矿床,成矿时代相对较晚,主要形成于新元古代、晚古生代早期和晚期三个时期,新元古代以镍金属资源量居世界第三的金川超大型矿床为代表,晚古生代早期以近年来找矿突破发现的夏日哈木超大型矿床为代表。夏日哈木矿床也是迄今世界上特提斯造山带中发现的唯一一例超大型岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床。中国学者基于中国找矿实际提出的“大岩浆?深部熔离?贯入”表现为“小岩体成大矿”的成矿理论,广泛为野外地质勘查工作者接受并应用,取得了重要的找矿突破性成果,同时为国外同行认可,改变了岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床传统的成矿认识。造山带中岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床的广泛分布是中国该类矿床的一个重要特色,按形成造山带演化和成矿历史的不同,可分为特提斯型和中亚型两种重要的类型。特提斯型以夏日哈木矿床为代表,它是特提斯构造转换,原特提斯造山后,古特提斯裂解的产物;中亚型以中亚造山带中东天山?北山、阿尔泰分布的大批晚古生代晚期早二叠世岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床为代表,是板块构造和地幔柱双重地球动力学机制作用的结果。中国岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床找矿潜力巨大,金川矿床作为水平的“岩床”被推覆至地表呈倾斜的“岩墙”产出的结果,深边部仍具有重要找矿潜力,目前已在含矿岩体两端发现了重要的新矿体;夏日哈木矿床所在的东昆仑及其邻区已发现十余处新的矿床（点）。区域上,塔里木陆块东南缘、塔里木陆块北缘、扬子陆块西缘和华北陆块东北缘是亟待加强勘查的找矿远景区,而扬子陆块北缘、华北陆块北缘是急需调查的找矿新区。 相似文献
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We present a review of major gold mineralization events in China and a summary of metallogenic provinces, deposit types, metallogenic epochs and tectonic settings. Over 200 investigated gold deposits are grouped into 16 Au-metallogenic provinces within five tectonic units such as the Central Asian orogenic belt comprising provinces of Northeast China and Tianshan-Altay; North China Craton comprising the northern margin, Jiaodong, and Xiaoqinling; the Qinling-Qilian-Kunlun orogenic belt consisting of the West Qingling, North Qilian, and East Kunlun; the Tibet and Sanjiang orogenic belts consisting of Lhasa, Garzê-Litang, Ailaoshan, and Daduhe-Jinpingshan; and the South China block comprising Youjiang basin, Jiangnan orogenic belt, Middle and Lower Yangtze River, and SE coast. The gold deposits are classified as orogenic, Jiaodong-, porphyry–skarn, Carlin-like, and epithermal-types, among which the first three types are dominant.The orogenic gold deposits formed in various tectonic settings related to oceanic subduction and subsequent crustal extension in the Qinling-Qilian-Kunlun, Tianshan-Altay, northern margin of North China Craton, and Xiaoqinling, and related to the Eocene–Miocene continental collision in the Tibet and Sanjiang orogenic belts. The tectonic periods such as from slab subduction to block amalgamation, from continental soft to hard collision, from intracontinental compression to shearing or extension, are important for the formation of the orogenic gold deposits. The orogenic gold deposits are the products of metamorphic fluids released during regional metamorphism associated with oceanic subduction or continental collision, or related to magma emplacement and associated hydrothermal activity during lithospheric extension after ocean closure. The Jiaodong-type, clustered around Jiaodong, Xiaoqinling, and the northern margin of the North China Craton, is characterized by the involvement of mantle-derived fluids and a temporal link to the remote subduction of the Pacific oceanic plate concomitant with the episodic destruction of North China Craton. The Carlin-like gold metallogenesis is related to the activity of connate fluid, metamorphic fluid, and meteoric water in different degrees in the Youjiang basin and West Qinling; the former Au province is temporally related to the remote subduction of the Tethyan oceanic plate and the later formed in a syn-collision setting. Porphyry–skarn Au deposits are distributed in the Tianshan-Altay, the Middle and Lower Yangtze River region, and Tibet and Sanjiang orogenic belts in both subduction and continental collision settings. The magma for the porphyry–skarn Au deposits commonly formed by melting of a thickened juvenile crust. The epithermal Au deposits, dominated by the low-sulfidation type, plus a few high-sulfidation ones, were produced during the Carboniferous oceaic plate subduction in Tianshan-Altay, during Early Cretaceous and Quaternary oceanic plate subduction in SEt coast of South China Block, and during the Pliocene continental collision in Tibet. The available data of different isotopic systems, especially fluid D–O isotopes and carbonate C–O systems, reveal that the isotopic compositions are largely overlapping for different genetic types and different for the same genetic type in different Au belts. The isotopic compositions are thus not good indicators of various genetic types of gold deposit, perhaps due to overprinting of post-ore alteration or the complex evolution of the fluids.Although gold metallogeny in China was initiated in Cambrian and lasted until Cenozoic, it is mainly concentrated in four main periods. The first is Carboniferous when the Central Asian orogenic belt formed by welding of micro-continental blocks and arcs in Tianshan-Altay, generating a series of porphyry–epithermal–orogenic deposits. The second period is from Triassic to Early Jurassic when the current tectonic mainframe of China started to take shape. In central and southern China, the North China Craton, South China Block and Simao block were amalgamated after the closure of Paleo-Tethys Ocean in Triassic, forming orogenic and Carlin-like gold deposits. The third period is Early Cretaceous when the subduction of the Pacific oceanic plate to the east and that of Neo-Tethyan oceanic plate to the west were taking place. The subduction in eastern China produced the Jiaodong-type deposits in the North China Craton, the skarn-type deposits in the northern margin (Middle to lower reaches of Yangtze River) and the epithermal-type deposits in the southeastern margin in the South China Block. The subduction in western China produced the Carlin-like gold deposits in the Youjiang basin and orogenic ones in the Garzê-Litang orogenic belt. The Cenozoic is the last major phase, during which southwestern China experienced continental collision, generating orogenic and porphyry–skarn gold deposits in the Tibetan and Sanjiang orogenic belts. Due to the spatial overlap of the second and third periods in a single gold province, the Xiaoqinling, West Qinling, and northern margin of the North China Craton have two or more episodes of gold metallogeny. 相似文献
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笔者是在“五国编图项目”(中国、俄罗斯、哈萨斯坦、蒙古国、韩国)的中国北方磷矿床资料研究基础之上完成本论文的。中国北方磷矿床分为“沉积型”、“沉积变质型”和“岩浆型”三大类型。沉积型磷矿床主要产生于晚震旦纪陡山沱期和早古生代寒武纪早期,磷质来源以海洋生物磷为主;沉积变质型磷矿床主要产生于中元古代,磷质来源以火山磷质为主,也可能有生物磷质参与;沉积型和沉积变质型磷矿都包含陆地风化迁入盆地中的磷成分;岩浆磷矿床主要产生于海西期和加里东期的超镁铁岩浆岩,多与铁、钒、钛成为成矿系列。沉积型磷矿在华北地台南缘和塔里木地块北缘应重视,而沉积变质型在华北地台北缘有远景;岩浆型则主要勘查超镁铁岩系列。 相似文献
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我国是镍矿资源消费大国,同时又是镍矿资源相对匮乏的国家。为了科学地评估我国镍矿资源潜力,指导找矿勘查工作,进而提高我国镍矿资源的自我保障能力,国土资源部在2006-2013年部署了包括镍矿在内的25个矿种的全国矿产资源潜力评价项目。该项目以矿产预测类型为主线,通过分析我国镍矿的矿床地质特征和时空分布规律,对代表预测要素的地质、物探、化探和遥感信息进行综合,最终形成预测模型,并在此基础上采用相似类比的思想圈定预测区,估算资源量。结果表明：（1）我国镍矿包括岩浆型、风化壳型和沉积型3种矿产预测类型,其中以岩浆型镍矿占绝对主导地位,其查明资源储量约占全国镍矿资源总量的93%;（2）我国共划分了30个成镍带,其中重点成镍带13个,大部分集中在西部地区;（3）不同预测类型对应的预测模型,其主要预测要素存在明显差异,岩浆型镍矿最重要的预测要素是基性超基性岩体,风化壳型镍矿最重要的预测要素是超基性岩顶部形成的风化壳,沉积型镍矿最重要的预测要素是寒武系下统黑色岩系;（4）全国圈定了524个镍矿最小预测区,在此基础上,全国共圈定98个镍矿3级预测区,在3级预测区中,大于10万t的镍矿预测区共有35个;（5）镍矿累计查明镍资源储量共计1 345万t,预测镍资源量共计2 820万t。 相似文献