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1.
通过收集、整理和分析来自中国20个铝土矿床/矿点的3439个碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄数据以及297个来自铝土矿沉积下伏碎屑岩基底的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄数据,对近年来中国铝土矿床的碎屑锆石年代学研究进展进行了综述。对现代热带地区红土剖面中锆石矿物稳定性评估认为在强化学风化条件下锆石颗粒仍然能保持化学与物理的稳定性,因此锆石是铝土矿沉积中良好的物源指示物。对中国铝土矿沉积物源研究表明,即使是形成在碳酸盐岩基底上的铝土矿,其中仍有大量硅铝酸盐沉积物风化产物的加入。此前的铝土矿床分类体系,多依照基岩岩性与矿体形态结构特征进行分类,在使用时可能会造成分类的模糊性与不确定性。中国铝土矿沉积中广泛存在指示准原地及异地成因的碎屑锆石组分,使用原地/异地指标也无法进行有效区分。基于以上原因,建议在考虑铝土矿分类方案时,除考虑铝土矿的风化产物属性外,还应对其作为沉积物/沉积岩的属性加以考量,新的铝土矿床分类方案是当前铝土矿研究中亟待解决的问题。此外,铝土矿的碎屑锆石年代学研究虽然为铝土矿物源研究提供了重要约束,但仍然需要结合区域地质背景及地球化学研究来提供更全面的铝土矿物源信息。 相似文献
2.
Subaerial leaching process of sedimentary bauxite and the discussion on classifications of bauxite deposits 
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下载免费PDF全文 Bauxite is the ultimate fine-grained products of chemical weathering,and thus it is closely linked with the intense chemical weathering. Based on variations of parent rock and weathering processes,the weathering products can be subdivided into laterite and terra rossa,of which the former is formed by weathering of aluminosilicates and the latter is produced by the weathering of carbonates. During the intense chemical weathering,minerals in original subaerial sediments(parent rocks)would suffer a series of processes(dissolution,hydrolyzation,hydration,carbonation,and oxidation)and be destroyed or transformed,leading to formation of new minerals. In the favorable environment,continuously intense chemical weathering would cause the loss of most mobile elements(e.g., K,Na,Ca,Mg,Si)and the enrichment of Al,resulting in the formation of bauxite. Although sedimentary bauxites are closely linked with the weathering curst,they show obvious differences in formation processes. Sedimentary bauxites are composed of intense chemical weathering products that are transported from outside of the basin and re-deposited in the basin,while most weathering crusts are transformed from saprolite and/or deluvium in-situ,and they can only form low-grade bauxites. Sedimentary environments also differ in bauxite ore layers and bauxitic claystone layers. Bauxite ore layers are formed in the subaerial environment and controlled by the leaching process of groundwater in the vadose zone. Based on the analysis of bauxitization,this study proposes to use multiple parameters,such as provenance,sedimentation and mineralization,to build the new classification of Chinese bauxite deposits. In this classification,lateritic and karstic types of bauxite deposits are autochthonous or parautochthonous saprolite and/or deluvium,while sedimentary type is dominated by heterochthonous provenance. 相似文献
3.
铝土矿是化学风化作用的细粒终极产物,与强烈的化学风化作用密切相关。根据母岩的类别及作用过程,风化作用进一步分为铝硅酸盐岩强化学风化形成的红土化作用和碳酸盐岩强化学风化形成的钙红土化作用。在强烈的化学风化过程中,地表的原始沉积物(母岩)的原生矿物发生溶蚀、水解、水化、碳酸化、氧化,破坏原始的矿物结构,形成新的细粒矿物(主要是黏土质矿物)。在适合的地质条件下,持续的强烈化学风化作用会造成大部分活动的元素(如K、Na、Ca、Mg、Si)的流失与Al的残留富集从而形成铝土矿。现在观察到的沉积型铝土矿,虽然与古风化壳具有密切联系,但沉积型铝土矿多数是由沉积过程搬运到沉积盆地中所形成的强化学风化产物的沉积层,与古风化壳的残坡积层具有显著差别,只有少数工业价值不大(品位低、品质差)的残坡积相铝土矿。铝土矿含矿岩系的沉积环境与铝土矿(尤其是高品位、高品质的铝土矿)的成矿环境不尽相同。铝土矿主要形成于暴露于大气中的陆表环境(而非水下环境),由地下水淋滤作用形成(在渗流带由活动元素流失、Al等稳定元素残留富集而成)。本研究在铝土矿成矿作用分析等基础上,提出了以铝土矿沉积物等物源和沉积、成矿作用为依据的中国铝土矿床分类方案,包括原地或准原地残坡积物成因的红土型和喀斯特型,和异地物源沉积成因的沉积型。 相似文献
4.
铝土矿地质与成因研究进展 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
[摘 要]我国铝土矿矿产时空分布广,类型多样,铝土矿地质与成因研究对促进铝土矿地质学发展有重要意义。本文从铝土矿矿床分类、铝土矿的矿体形态与内部结构、矿体层序、物质组成、物质来源、成矿环境和成因机制等方面,综述了国内外铝土矿地质学的研究进展,阐释了我国铝土矿的部分特征,提出了近年我国铝土矿研究的部分新方法与观点;应用铝土矿中碎屑锆石U-Pb 和Lu-Hf 同位素特征, 判识了多个喀斯特型铝土矿集中区的物质来源,提出多数喀斯特型铝土矿多具有异源特征,与区域重大地质事件具有成因联系,是洋陆俯冲、大陆漂移以及集中风化等多因耦合的结果。提出了我国喀斯特型铝土矿迁移机制,认为华北板内铝土矿(山西、河南) 成因机制主体为“离子结晶与碎屑沉积冶综合成因;而华南铝土矿(贵州、广西)成因机制主体为“离子结晶冶成因。 相似文献
5.
Provenance of iron,bauxite and clay deposits of the Carboniferous Benxi Formation in southern margin of North China Craton: An example from Da'an bauxite and clay deposit of Sanmenxia area,Henan Province 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Liu Xue-Fei Wang Qing-Fei Ma Yao Li Zhong-Ming Zhao Li-Hua Zhou Zhi-Hui Liu Bai-Shun Ma Xin-Li 《古地理学报》1999,22(5):965-976
During the Middle Ordovician to Late Carboniferous period,the North China Craton(NCC)was exposed and experienced prolonged weathering that resulted in the formation of large-scale iron,clay and bauxite deposits. The source of ore-forming material has always been a research focus,in particular,whether the sources of the iron ore and the Fe-bearing clay at the bottom of Benxi Formation are the same as the upper bauxite and clay deposit is still unclear. In this study,the Da'an bauxite and clay deposit at the southern margin of the NCC was chosen to carry out a detailed analysis of the micro-region mineral composition and elemental geochemical characteristics for further exploring the sources of iron,bauxite and clay deposits. The composition of the ore-bearing rocks in the Da'an bauxite deposit from the bottom to top includes Fe-bearing clay(locally iron ore),bauxite,and bauxitic clay;locally,in karstic uplift,bauxitic clay layer is directly overlying on the Fe-bearing clay. The Fe-bearing clay is dominated by siderite,pyrite,and illite in the karstic depression,and hematite,illite,and kaolinite in the uplift. Bauxite is mainly composed of diaspore,illite,and anatase,while bauxitic clay is mainly composed of illite. Mineral microanalysis revealed the development of large amounts of moissanite and small amounts of natural silica,silicalite,and chromite at the bottom of bauxitic clay layer. Regional comparison and correlation reveal that the ophiolite in the Shangdan suture zone and Erlangping Group in the North Qinling orogenic belt(NQOB)likely provides source materials for bauxite and clay deposits. The obvious differences in immobile element ratios (e.g., Zr/TiO2,Hf/TiO2,Nb/TiO2,Ta/TiO2)between the bottom Fe-bearing clay layer and the upper bauxite and clay layer in Da'an deposit,revealing that they are from different sources. The bottom Fe-bearing clay and iron ore layers are the products of in-situ weathering of underlying carbonates,while the top bauxite and clay are allochthonous. The regional uplift of the NQOB during the Late Carboniferous period provided important ore-forming materials for the formation of the NCC bauxite and clay deposits. 相似文献
6.
华北克拉通在中奥陶世至晚石炭世期间一直出露地表,经历了长期的风化作用,形成大规模的铁-铝黏土矿,其成矿物源一直是研究的热点,尤其是本溪组底部铁矿和铁质黏土矿与上部铝黏土矿是否为同一来源尚未查清。本研究选取克拉通南缘大安铝黏土矿床作为研究对象,展开微区矿物及元素地球化学组成分析,进一步探讨铁-铝黏土矿物质来源。大安矿床内含矿岩系自下而上包括铁质黏土岩、铝土矿、铝质黏土矿;局部喀斯特高地缺失铝土矿,铝质黏土矿直接覆盖于铁质黏土岩之上。铁质黏土岩在洼地以菱铁矿、黄铁矿和伊利石为主,在隆起区以赤铁矿、伊利石和高岭石为主。铝土矿以硬水铝石、伊利石和锐钛矿为主;铝质黏土矿主要矿物为伊利石。矿物微区分析在黏土矿底部发现大量的碳化硅和少量自然硅、硅铁矿、铬铁矿;区域对比揭示北秦岭造山带内商丹缝合带和二郎坪群中的蛇绿岩为铝黏土矿形成提供了成矿物质。本溪组底部铁质黏土与上部铝黏土矿稳定元素比率(例如Zr/TiO2、Hf/TiO2、Nb/TiO2、Ta/TiO2)存在明显差异,揭示二者为不同来源: 底部铁质黏土岩和铁矿层为底板碳酸盐岩原地风化的产物;而上部铝黏土矿是异地搬运物,北秦岭造山带在晚石炭世的整体抬升为华北铝黏土矿形成提供了重要的成矿物质。 相似文献
7.
重庆南川-武隆铝土矿属于渝南-黔北铝土矿成矿带,为喀斯特型铝土矿床。经显微镜、X射线粉晶衍射、矿物自动分析仪（MLA）、扫面电子显微镜等方法对该矿床矿物学的研究,发现组成铝土矿的主要矿物为一水硬铝石、高岭石、绿泥石,次要矿物为伊利石、一水软铝石、三水铝石、鲕绿泥石、菱铁矿、赤铁矿、针铁矿、黄铁矿、锐钛矿、金红石、磷灰石、石英、锆石、方解石、长石及稀土矿物等。矿石组构及矿物组合表明形成铝土矿的沉积/成岩环境为接近于潜流的环境。矿石结构和锆石形态指示成矿物质经过了短距离的搬运。地球化学研究结果显示,组成铝土矿的主要化学成分为Al2O3、TFeO、SiO2和TiO2,铝土矿化过程中REE、Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、Th、Sc、Li和Ga发生富集。形成铝土矿的母岩物质主要来自下伏页岩的风化作用,灰岩和酸性火山岩对铝土矿的形成也有一定的贡献。结合稳定同位素资料,认为铝土矿的形成可能与生物作用有关。 相似文献
8.
荥巩煤田大峪沟矿段深部铝土矿床是最近找矿突破发现的一个大型铝土矿床。该铝土矿床成矿时代为早二叠世,成矿物源主要为古陆铝硅酸岩风化物,少量为中奥陶统马家沟组碳酸盐岩风化产物,成矿环境为潮坪-沼泽环境,由长期的沉积间断、特定的岩相古地理环境、构造变形和表生风化作用共同控制着矿床的形成;上石炭统本溪组是铝土矿形成的含矿岩系;海湾泻湖相沉积环境是铝土矿床形成的有利条件;下古生界奥陶系、寒武系古岩溶侵蚀面是铝土矿形成的有利场所,古岩溶侵蚀面洼地及漏斗是铝土矿的定位空间。大峪沟矿段铝土矿床成因模式属于"古陆风化+碎屑和化学沉积";成矿机制为机械和化学分异。含矿岩系底部铁质风化壳/铁质黏土岩为碳酸盐岩风化形成,铝(黏)土矿来源于铝硅酸盐岩。大峪沟深部铝土矿床的发现为河南省寻找深部铝土矿床指明了方向。 相似文献
9.
碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学被认为是研究沉积物物源的有效手段。然而,应用碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学对中国黄土高原进行物源研究时却获得了非常复杂的物源信息。西宁黄土沉积于青藏高原东北缘地区,对其开展碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究不仅可以获得其物源信息,同时可以为探讨青藏高原北缘碎屑物质对黄土高原的贡献提供重要依据。碎屑锆石形貌学研究结果表明其可能经历了强烈的物理风化以及多次再循环,同时也可能暗示了物源的高度复杂性。来自不同沉积层位的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄结果表明,西宁黄土碎屑物质的最终来源可能是青藏高原北缘和中亚造山带,且物源区自约1.3 Ma以来可能没有显著变化,但是两者对西宁黄土的相对贡献可能在不同的时期具有微弱的差异。西宁黄土与中国黄土高原中、西部典型剖面的碎屑锆石年龄分布具有高度相似性,暗示了两者的物源区可能很大程度上具有一致性,但具少量差异。 相似文献
10.
Xuefei Liu Qingfei Wang Jun Deng Qizuan Zhang Silei Sun Jianyin Meng 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2010
The Dajia Salento-type bauxite deposit in western Guangxi is hosted within the Quaternary ferrallitic soil profile, and it formed via breaking up, weathering and oxidizing of Permian bauxite orebodies occurring as a semi-continuous layer in the upper Permian. Mineralogical analyses reveal that diaspore, hematite and kaolinite are the major minerals in bauxite ores with small amounts of anatase, chamosite, gibbsite, goethite, illite, zircon, quartz and pyrite. The ore texture and mineral assemblage reveal that the depositional/diagenetic environment of the Dajia bauxite was much close to phreatic environment. Both the ore texture and the morphology of zircon grains also indicate that most of the bauxitic soils were transported a short distance. Diaspore is suggested to be non-metamorphic in origin and mainly formed in a reducing condition of diagenetic environment, while kaolinite is the product of the in situ epigenetic replacement of alumina in diaspore by dissolved silica. Geochemical analyses indicate that Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2 and TiO2 are the main components of the bauxite ores and trace elements such as Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Th and U were enriched during the bauxitization process. Simultaneously, Zr vs. Hf and Nb vs. Ta show a high correlation. Geochemical indices such as Zr/Hf, Nb/Ta and Eu/Eu* (among others) denote that the magmatic rocks related to the Emeishan plume in western Guangxi and the carbonates in the underlying Maokou Formation provided the main sources of material for the bauxite ores. 相似文献
11.
《China Geology》2021,4(4):600-615
The newly discovered medium-scale Huangling uranium deposit is located in the Shuanlong area of the southeast Ordos Basin. This paper presents the systematic geochemical and zircon U-Pb studies on the Zhiluo Formation sandstones in the Huanling area. The data obtained play an important role in deducing the provenance and tectonic setting of the source rocks. The results show that the lower part of the Zhiluo Formation is mainly composed of felsic sedimentary rocks. The source rocks originated from a continental island arc environment in terms of tectonic setting. U-Pb ages of detrital zircons obtained can be roughly divided into three groups: 170–500 Ma, 1600–2050 Ma, and 2100–2650 Ma. Based on the characteristics of trace elements and rare earth elements (REE) and the zircon U-Pb dating results, it is considered that the Cryptozoic Edo provenance of the Zhiluo Formation mainly includes magmatic rocks (such as granodioritic intrusions) and metamorphic rocks (such as gneiss and granulite) in the orogenic belts on the northern margin of the North China Plate and in the Alxa Block. Based on sedimentological and petrological results, it can be concluded that the provenance of clastic sediments in the Zhiluo Formation was in north-south direction. The preconcentration of uranium is relatively low in the Lower Zhiluo Formation in the Huangling area. Meanwhile, the paleocurrent system in the sedimentary period is inconsistent with the ore-bearing flow field in the mineralization period, which restricts the formation of large-scale and super-large-scale uranium deposits and ore zones in the southeast Ordos Basin. The understanding of provenance directions will provide crucial references for the Jurassic prototype recovery and paleo-geomorphology of the Ordos Basin and the prediction of potential uranium reservoirs of the basin.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office. 相似文献
12.
云南武定迤纳厂Fe-Cu-REE矿床的锆石U-Pb和黄铜 矿Re-Os年代学、稀土元素地球化学及其地质意义 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
迤纳厂矿床是康滇地区典型的铁-铜-稀土矿床之一.因为其特殊的矿物组合(磁铁矿与黄铜矿共生)以及富含稀土矿物,这类矿床一直是矿床学家研究的热点.然而由于其围岩遭受不同程度的变质和蚀变作用,这类矿床的成矿时代与矿床成因一直存在争议.本文通过对迤纳厂组中层状凝灰岩和火山角砾岩所含锆石进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年来揭示迤纳厂组的最大沉积年龄.大多数锆石具有明显的震荡环带和较高的Th/U比值(＞0.4)表明它们均是岩浆锆石,近200粒碎屑锆石的207 pb/206 Pb年龄大致可以分为四组:1.75 ～ 1.88Ga,1.90 ～2.00Ga,2.02～2.20Ga和2.30 ～2.40Ga,且最老年龄在3.0Ga左右,而最年轻年龄在1750Ma左右.这一定年结果反映了迤纳厂组的沉积上限大约为1.7Ga,并且在康滇地区可能还有更老的基底存在.通过对矿石矿物黄铜矿的Re-Os同位素定年测试,直接限定了矿床的成矿时代.6个黄铜矿样品的Re-Os同位素等时线年龄为1690±99Ma(MSWD =9.0),模式年龄的加权平均值为1685±37Ma(MSWD=3.0),表明该矿床形成于距今约1.7Ga.另外,主要类型矿石具显著的正铕异常和轻稀土富集的特点,与现代海底热液极其相似.年代学研究显示矿床的形成时代和地层的沉积时代大致相同,而REE揭示的流体特征反映其成矿作用与海底热液活动有关.这些结果暗示了该矿床为海底火山喷发-同生沉积形成.近来的较多研究证实,康滇地区存在1.7Ga左右较大范围的岩浆活动和较多同期铁-铜矿床,表明该期岩浆活动可能是制约该区铁-铜矿床形成的关键因素,且岩浆活动可能与约1.7Ga的Columbia超大陆的裂解事件有关. 相似文献
13.
由于已知国内的红土型三水铝土矿矿床均为小型,且矿石质量也偏差,多为小规模开采利用,而国外多为大型—特大型矿床,质量也好.笔者长期在境外开展红土型三水铝土矿的资源勘探和资源评价工作.在结合矿山开采的选矿工作和生产氧化铝的拜耳法工艺,对红土型三水铝土矿按照边界品位即是否需要洗矿,提出了全新的分类方法. 相似文献
14.
哀牢山古特提斯洋的打开时限及其缝合带的具体位置对理解哀牢山古特提斯洋构造演化具有非常重要的意义。本文采用碎屑锆石年代学方法,分析了哀牢山构造带及其两侧不同时期沉积物源的特征及其变化,解译了其物源差别所指示的哀牢山古特提斯洋盆打开时限以及缝合带的构造位置。碎屑锆石年代学显示,哀牢山构造带两侧上志留统碎屑锆石都记录一个~450 Ma的最年轻的峰值和一个格林威尔期造山事件的年龄群(1100~800 Ma),以及一个2600~2400 Ma的次峰;不同于上志留统,构造带东侧下泥盆统碎屑锆石并未出现年轻的~450 Ma峰值年龄信息,西侧U-Pb年龄分布模式与上志留统一致,记录~450 Ma峰值年龄信息,而且构造带两侧下泥盆统碎屑锆石的2600~2400 Ma的峰值明显要强于上志留统。区域上发表的碎屑锆石年代学资料,也揭示相同的年龄峰值。因此,综合区域上的其他地质资料,我们认为哀牢山古特提斯洋盆的打开时限应该在晚志留世-早泥盆世,哀牢山断裂带代表了哀牢山洋盆闭合的位置。 相似文献
15.
兴东群是佳木斯地块的结晶基底和多个铁、金、钨矿床(点)的含矿地层。为厘定其形成时代,揭示其地质和成矿意义,选取黑龙江省林口地区的兴东群大盘道组,在剖面实测、岩相学研究基础上,开展了代表性岩石的碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究。结果表明,所测大盘道组的主要岩石类型为大理岩与石英片岩,其原岩为灰岩及泥岩,变质程度可达角闪岩相,沉积于浅海陆棚相环境;石英片岩中碎屑锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为(2338±20)Ma751±18Ma,存在952 Ma、898 Ma、820 Ma及761 Ma 4个年龄峰值。结合羊鼻山地区大盘道组地层内有~520 Ma的花岗岩侵入以及该区域经历了~500 Ma的泛非期变质作用,确定大盘道组原岩沉积于新元古代—早古生代。本文测年结果显示有4个年龄峰值,其中898 Ma和761 Ma与前人报道的峰期年龄为898~891 Ma和757~751 Ma的两期岩浆事件相对应,另两组所测锆石也均为岩浆成因锆石,反映该区兴东群的物源复杂,且以岩浆岩为主。多期次岩浆作用使大盘道组富集Au、Cu、Pb、Zn、Fe等金属成矿元素,为羊鼻山铁钨矿床、孟家岗铁矿床和七星河金矿床等金属矿床形成提供了丰富的成矿物质基础。 相似文献
16.
至少一维尺度上小于100nm的矿物都属于纳米矿物的范畴,自然界中除了大量的人造纳米矿物之外,天然的纳米矿物分布也很广泛。随着透射电子显微镜(TEM)技术在地球科学中的应用,大量的天然纳米矿物在地壳表层和内部被发现。尤其是在矿田区域,与矿体相关的纳米矿物在各种介质中被发现,并且这些纳米矿物在矿床的研究中有着独特的作用。堆积型铝土矿床储量大,是铝土矿的重要来源。在堆积型铝土矿床中发育有大量的纳米矿物,矿石矿物也以纳米级晶体分布于矿床中,并且在纳米尺度上表现出结构和成分的变化,这些纳米矿物以及结构、成分的变化记录了铝土矿成矿过程的物理化学信息,为探究铝土矿的成因提供了独特的窗口。该综述总结了纳米矿物在研究堆积型铝土矿床中的优势,为研究堆积型铝土矿床的提供了新方法,为认识堆积型铝土矿的成因提供了新角度。 相似文献
17.
Nanomineral is the mineral that is less than 100nm at least one dimension. Aside from the man-made nanominerals,there is a large number of natural nanominerals. With the increasing application of transmission electron microscopy(TEM)in earth science,a large number of natural nanominerals have been discovered in the surface and interior of the Earth. Especially in ore deposit region,nanominerals related to ore bodies are found in various media,and these nanominerals play a unique role in the research of ore deposits. The stacked bauxite deposit is an important source of bauxite because of its large reserve. There are a large number of nanominerals distributed in stacked bauxite deposit,and these ore nanominerals distributed in the deposit in the form of nanocrystals. In addition,the ore minerals in stacked bauxite deposit display changes of the structure and composition in nanoscale. The nanominerals as well as the changes of structure and composition in nanoscale can record the physical and chemical information of bauxite mineralization process,providing a unique window to explore the genesis of the stacked bauxite deposit. This review summarizes the advantages of nanominerals in the research on the stacked bauxite deposit,providing a new method and a new perspective for the understanding of the genesis of bauxite deposit. 相似文献
18.
Karstic bauxite deposits are widespread in Central Guizhou Province, SW China, and high-grade ores are frequently sandwiched with overlying coal and underlying iron-rich layers and form a special “coal–bauxite–iron” structure. The Lindai deposit, which is one of the most representative karstic bauxite deposits in Central Guizhou Province, was selected as a case study. Based on textural features and iron abundances, bauxite ores in the Lindai deposit are divided into three types of ores, i.e., clastic, compact, and high-iron. The bauxite ores primarily comprise diaspore, boehmite, kaolinite, illite, and hematite with minor quartz, smectite, pyrite, zircon, rutile, anatase, and feldspar. The Al2O3 (53–76.8 wt.%) is the main chemical contents of the bauxite ore samples in the Lindai district, followed by SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2, CaO, MgO, S, and P etc. Our geological data on the Lindai deposit indicated that the ore-bearing rock series and its underlying stratum have similar rare earth elements distribution pattern and similar Y/Ho, Zr/Hf, and Eu/Eu1 values; additionally, all ore-bearing rock samples are rich in MgO (range from 0.16 wt.% to 0.68 wt.%), and the plots of the dolomites and laterites lie almost on or close to the weathering line fit by the Al-bearing rocks in Zr vs. Hf and Nb vs. Ta diagrams; suggesting that the underlying Middle Cambrian Shilengshui Formation dolomite is the parent rock of bauxite resources in the Lindai district.Simulated weathering experiments on the modern laterite from the Shilengshui Formation dolomite in the Lindai bauxite deposit show that hydrogeological conditions are important for karstic bauxite formation: Si is most likely to migrate, its migration rate is several magnitudes higher than those of Al and Fe under natural conditions; the reducing inorganic acid condition is the most conducive to Al enrichment and Si removal; Fe does not migrate easily in groundwater, Al enrichment and Fe removal can occur only in acidic and reducing conditions with the presence of organic matter.The geological and experimental studies show that “coal–bauxite–iron” structure in Lindai deposit is formed under certain hydrogeological conditions, i.e., since lateritic bauxite or Al-rich laterite deposited upon the semi-closed karst depressions, Si can be continuously removed out under neutral/acidic groundwater conditions; the coal/carbonaceous rock overlying the bauxitic materials were easily oxidized to produce acidic (H2S, H2SO4, etc.) and reductant groundwater with organic materials that percolated downward, resulting in enrichment of Al in underlying bauxite; it also reduced Fe3+ to its easily migrating form Fe2+, moving downward to near the basal carbonate culminated in precipitating of ferruginous (FeS2, FeCO3, etc.) strata of the “coal–bauxite–iron” structure. Thus, the bauxitic materials experienced Al enrichment and Si and Fe removal under above certain hydrogeological conditions forming the high-quality bauxite. 相似文献
19.
本文以偃龙铝土矿为对象,研究了铝土矿的地球化学特征,讨论了其成矿物质来源。铝土矿含矿岩系中不同矿产的SiO_2、Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3、FeO的元素含量变化较大,且总量较高,说明铝土矿在形成过程中,其源岩风化程度较高。Al_2O_3与SiO_2、Fe_2O_3、K_2O含量呈负相关关系,与TiO_2、A/S呈正相关关系。含矿岩系明显具有富集轻稀土、亏损HREE的特征,在垂向上,其稀土元素含量较高的是Ce、La、Nd(均为轻稀土),低含量的是Tm、Ho、Eu、Lu。微量元素方面,偃龙铝土矿比山西铝土矿富集的元素有Li、Be、Sc、Ni、Cu、Zn、Zr等稀有金属元素和亲铜元素,而这些元素在贵州大竹园铝土矿中的含量比偃龙铝土矿更富集。偃龙铝土矿的成矿物质来源于基底碳酸盐岩风化残余,在广泛海侵时,残余物质经搬运沉积成矿。 相似文献
20.
贵州铝土矿资源丰富,是中国第二大铝土矿资源基地,其铝土矿资源量约占全国总量的17％;主要分布在修文—清镇、凯里—黄平、遵义—瓮安和正安—道真4个矿集区.对贵州4个铝土矿矿集区成矿特征的研究表明,铝土矿的含矿层位主要有3个（下石炭统、上石炭统和中二叠统）,含矿层位在空间分布上具有由南向北、由西向东逐渐变新的特点;下伏地层提供了成矿物质和聚矿空间;矿床类型为古风化壳再沉积型,含矿岩段均为铝质岩段,开采矿物为—水硬铝石;矿石自然类型以土状,碎屑状和致密状为主,矿石工业类型以低铁低硫型矿石为主;3个矿集区铝土矿的化学组分和矿物组分相似,只是在含量上有所差别;铝土矿中的伴生有用元素较多,尤以Ga元素为代表,具有较大的经济价值. 相似文献