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钢筋混凝土框架结构节点处应力集中、侧向刚度小,在地震作用下容易导致结构整体失稳倒塌,而且梁端、柱端出现的塑性铰破坏严重,难以修复。提出一种全新的结构形式和一种新型人工铰：此种自适应结构能让建筑结构在地震作用下改变自身刚度、增大自振周期,减弱作用于结构的地震作用;新型人工铰具有良好的恢复力性能,能解决传统塑性铰破坏后难以修复的问题,通过设置人工铰将梁端铰从梁根处转移,能解决节点处应力集中的问题。通过ABAQUS软件改变人工铰的位置,建立3个自适应结构有限元模型与现浇框架模型进行对比研究。结果表明,基于自适应结构的控制系统方法让结构减少了70%的地震作用,人工铰和节点处抗震性能和恢复力性能良好。自适应结构可以广泛应用于各种装配式建筑,极大降低人工成本,彻底实现装配式建筑的智能化施工,对于装配式建筑的发展与推广具有重要的意义。此外,还提出了较方便的承载力计算方法和设置人工铰的设计建议。 相似文献
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为保证框架柱端塑性铰达到预期的塑性转动之前,柱端塑性铰区不出现剪切破坏,结合框架柱塑性铰区抗剪承载力的试验研究,利用ANSYS对10个框架柱构件塑性铰区的抗剪性能进行了非线性有限元分析;有限元模型中混凝土采用SOLID65单元,钢筋采用LINK8单元,分离式建模,施加约束时将试验构件上梁上端表面的所有节点在竖直方向耦合,以保证塑性铰出现在柱端;计算了10个构件的骨架曲线,框架柱塑性铰区弹性工作阶段、带裂缝工作阶段和破坏阶段的应力云图和破坏时的裂缝分布图,将以上计算结果与试验结果进行了对比,数值计算结果和试验结果符合良好,验证了有限元模型建立的准确性,所建模型可为今后同类问题的非线性有限元计算提供参考。 相似文献
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《国际地震动态》2018,(10)
震后可恢复性(Earthquake Resilience)已经成为了建筑结构体系的重要评价标准之一。作为高层建筑结构中最主要的抗侧力构件,钢筋混凝土剪力墙在近几次大地震中暴露出了震后可恢复性方面的缺陷。主要表现为连梁损伤严重、难以修复;剪力墙底部钢筋屈曲、混凝土压溃、剪切破坏明显,同样难以修复。针对上述两点问题,本文分别研究了剪切型金属阻尼器连梁和塑性铰支墙两种构件,建立两类构件的设计方法和简化数值模型。在此基础上运用连续化方法对铰支墙-框架结构体系中塑性铰支墙和消能连梁的强度和刚度需求进行了讨论。本文的主要研究内容如下:(1)对国内多组普通RC连梁和剪力墙构件试验的结果进行了统计分析,其结果显示了两类RC构件的变形能力与设计参数之间的关联存在较明显的离散性。(2)提出了带缝钢板阻尼器及跨中布置该阻尼器的剪切型消能连梁。本文进行了大剪跨比(r=3.0)的普通RC连梁和剪切型消能连梁的对比试验研究,结果显示,普通RC连梁和消能连梁试件的实测峰值荷载和名义屈服剪力值相差在4%以内。消能连梁阻尼器可以更早地进入屈服耗能状态,避免连梁混凝土部分遭受严重损伤。消能连梁变形的80%以上集中在阻尼器内,充分发挥了位移相关型阻尼器的耗能能力。阻尼器连接构造存在滑移,一定程度上影响了阻尼器性能的发挥。最后,建立了消能连梁的简化数值模型并验证了其适用性。(3)针对剪力墙底部墙肢复杂的弯剪耦合作用机制,提出了抗弯/抗剪功能分离的塑性铰支墙并建立了相应的承载力和刚度设计公式。塑性铰支墙与普通RC剪力墙的对比试验证明,本文提出的设计方法可以更准确地获得塑性铰支墙不同性能目标下的力学性能;塑性铰支墙具有更强的变形和耗能能力;塑性铰支墙的总变形中,弯曲变形占有绝对比重,避免了铰支墙发生剪切型破坏,保证了"强剪弱弯"的性能,从而避免了底部墙肢的不可修复损伤。(4)对塑性铰支墙的主要设计参数进行了研究,给出了相关建议。建立塑性铰支墙的简化数值模型。其中,采用在纤维模型的截面附加剪切恢复力本构来模拟RC剪力墙的方法,以及采用零长单元模拟阻尼器连接段非线性行为的方法均根据试验结果进行了准确性验证。在此基础上研究了塑性铰支墙几何参数(墙肢宽高比r、铰支座高度比μ)、轴压比ν、阻尼器核心段初始刚度K_(ed)对墙肢力学性能的影响,参数分析的结果显示,阻尼器性能的发挥主要受几何参数的影响,建议将塑性铰支墙布置在结构底部加强层范围内,高宽比r≤1.0,同时,铰支座的布置高度不宜超过铰支墙高度的60%。在满足阻尼器极限变形要求的前提下,通过选择更大的高度比μ和初始轴向刚度K_(ed)更大的阻尼器,可以使塑性铰支墙获得更高的承载力和刚度。(5)采用连续化设计,对铰支墙结构和铰支墙-框架结构在3种常见类型的水平荷载作用下的效应进行分析。结果表明,连续化设计方法可以得到铰支墙结构的结构响应,内力和变形计算公式中均显出铰支墙所在层的性能对结构响应的影响比较明显。 相似文献
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摇摆墙释放了墙底与基础之间的约束以实现竖向摇摆。已有研究表明:将摇摆墙与RC框架结构结合形成框架-摇摆墙结构体系能有效提高结构的整体承载力及延性,使结构的破坏发生在预期的位置,减少结构地震响应的不确定性。本文首先回顾了摇摆墙的发展历史,简要介绍了框架-摇摆墙结构的基本原理,综述了框架-摇摆墙结构的研究现状,总结了其墙体及连接节点的设计要点并对其未来的发展方向进行展望,指出框架-摇摆墙结构体系后续的研究重点可以包括:墙体与RC框架结构水平连接节点的设计、摇摆墙与基础实现理想铰接的设计、摇摆墙与预制装配式技术结合的设计及摇摆墙墙体在框架结构中布局方式的设计。 相似文献
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型钢混凝土框架pushover分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Pushover分析方法是逐渐得到广泛应用的一种评估结构抗震性能的简化方法。由于型钢混凝土（SRC）构件塑性铰属性确定方面的原因,SRC构件难以直接应用于pushover分析方法,而常采用按“等刚度”原则转化为钢筋混凝土构件（RC）进行计算。本文从理论上给出了SRC压弯构件N-M相关曲线、Mx-My相关曲线的形成方法,提出了SRC构件M-φ曲线的确定及转化为塑性铰曲线的原则,并研究了SRC构件塑性铰区等效长度的计算方法,可为SRC结构进行pushover分析提供参考数据。按照本文方法,采用pushover方法对两跨三层SRC框架进行分析,结果与该结构模型振动台实验吻合较好。在此基础上,对10层SRC框架和采用刚度等效的3层、10层的钢筋混凝土（RC）框架进行了对比分析,结果表明,随着层数的增加,SRC结构相对于RC结构表现出更优越的抗震耗能能力。 相似文献
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Improving seismic performance is one of the critical objectives in earthquake engineering. With the development of economy and society, reparability and fast resilience of a structure are becoming increasingly important. Reinforced concrete (RC) frame structure is prone to soft story mechanism. As a result, deformation and damage are so concentrated that reparability is severely hampered. Rocking wall provides an available approach for deformation control in RC frame by introducing a continuous component along the height. Previous researches mostly focus on seismic responses of rocking wall frame structures, while damage mode and reparability have not been investigated in detail. In this study, a novel infilled rocking wall frame (IRWF) structure is proposed. A half‐scaled IRWF model was designed according to Chinese seismic design code. The model was subjected to cyclic pushover testing up to structure drift ratio of 1/50 (amplitude 1/50), and its reparability was evaluated thereafter. Retrofit was implemented by wrapping steel plates and installing friction dampers. The retrofitted model was further loaded up to amplitude 1/30. The IRWF model showed excellent reparability and satisfactory seismic performance on deformation control, damage mode, hysteresis behavior, and beam‐to‐column joint rotation. After retrofitting, capacity of the model was improved by 11% with limited crack distribution. The model did not degrade until amplitude 1/30, due to shear failure in frame beams. The retrofit procedure was proved effective, and reparability of the IRWF model was demonstrated. Seismic resilience tends to be achieved in the proposed system. 相似文献
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Earthquake investigations have illustrated that even code-compliant reinforced concrete frames may suffer from soft-story mechanism. This damage mode results in poor ductility and limited energy dissipation. Continuous components offer alternatives that may avoid such failures. A novel infilled rocking wall frame system is proposed that takes advantage of continuous component and rocking characteristics. Previous studies have investigated similar systems that combine a reinforced concrete frame and a wall with rocking behavior used. However, a large-scale experimental study of a reinforced concrete frame combined with a rocking wall has not been reported. In this study, a seismic performance evaluation of the newly proposed infilled rocking wall frame structure was conducted through quasi-static cyclic testing. Critical joints were designed and verified. Numerical models were established and calibrated to estimate frame shear forces. The results evaluation demonstrate that an infilled rocking wall frame can effectively avoid soft-story mechanisms. Capacity and initial stiffness are greatly improved and self-centering behavior is achieved with the help of the infilled rocking wall. Drift distribution becomes more uniform with height. Concrete cracks and damage occurs in desired areas. The infilled rocking wall frame offers a promising approach to achieving seismic resilience. 相似文献
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Yong Lu 《地震工程与结构动力学》2002,31(1):79-97
The wall–frame systems have many known advantages, namely increase of the system's lateral strength and stiffness thereby allowing for a good tangential inter‐storey drift control, and the retention of a satisfactory energy dissipation capacity. However, rocking of the wall could occur as a result of uplifting wall base or concentrated plastic hinge deformations. Problems arising from this phenomenon have significant impact on the system behaviour and hence require extended study. This paper focuses on the wall‐rocking phenomenon due to the concentrated plastic hinge rotation at the wall base. To facilitate a comprehensive evaluation, a six‐storey three‐bay RC wall–frame structure is investigated with comparison to a bare ductile frame by means of earthquake simulation tests. The results revealed that, despite a superior performance over the ductile frame under low to moderate seismic actions, the wall–frame structure deteriorated more rapidly than the bare frame during advanced inelastic response. The increasingly significant rocking of the wall resulted in severe material damage at localized critical regions. Mitigating the wall rocking is seen to be a key to the further improvement of the system performance, and the extent to which this may be achieved by incorporating the three‐dimensional effects is explicitly illustrated by an analytical evaluation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Higher mode effects in frame pin‐supported wall structure by using a distributed parameter model 
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下载免费PDF全文 Frame pin‐supported wall structure is a kind of rocking structure, which releases constraints at the bottom of the wall. The wall is affiliated to the frame and can rotate around the hinge. Previous studies have investigated seismic performance (such as deformation pattern and plastic hinge distribution) of frame pin‐supported wall structure. Strength demand of this system was investigated through static pushover analysis. However, dynamic characteristics, especially higher mode effects, remain to be quantified. As demonstrated in several researches, higher mode effects have non‐negligible effects on seismic response. For this purpose, a distributed model for analyzing higher mode effects in frame pin‐supported wall structure was proposed, where the pin‐supported wall and the frame were simplified as a bending beam and a shear beam, respectively. The model was solved by differential equations derived from equilibrium and compatibility. Displacement and inner force distribution of frame pin‐supported wall structure in higher modes were quantified according to the model. Influence of critical parameters, such as wall stiffness and structure period, was assessed on higher mode effects. It was demonstrated that response in higher modes cannot be neglected in the design of frame pin‐supported wall structure. Capacity design based on the fundamental mode is not conservative, especially in the wall. Furthermore, pin‐supported walls tend to force the frame to vibrate in the rocking mode and suppress higher mode effects in the frame. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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增大柱端抗弯承载力是抗震"能力设计"措施中引导钢筋混凝土框架结构形成梁铰型有利耗能机构的关键措施。本文以6层确定性钢筋混凝土框架结构为分析对象,通过结构易损性分析评估了不同强柱系数取值对钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能的影响。结构易损性分析表明增大柱端抗弯承载力是改善结构抗震性能的有效措施,增大强柱系数提高了结构的变形能力,使不同破坏极限状态之间形成较大的"梯度",对防止强烈地震作用下结构的突然倒塌提供了预示。结构易损性曲线对评估结构抗震性能、选用合适的目标强柱系数提供了量化标准。 相似文献
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The self‐centering rocking steel frame is a seismic force resisting system in which a gap is allowed to form between a concentrically braced steel frame and the foundation. Downward vertical force applied to the rocking frame by post‐tensioning acts to close the uplifting gap and thus produces a restoring force. A key feature of the system is replaceable energy‐dissipating devices that act as structural fuses by producing high initial system stiffness and then yielding to dissipate energy from the input loading and protect the remaining portions of the structure from damage. In this research, a series of large‐scale hybrid simulation tests were performed to investigate the seismic performance of the self‐centering rocking steel frame and in particular, the ability of the controlled rocking system to self‐center the entire building. The hybrid simulation experiments were conducted in conjunction with computational modules, one that simulated the destabilizing P‐Δ effect and another module that simulated the hysteretic behavior of the rest of the building including simple composite steel/concrete shear beam‐to‐column connections and partition walls. These tests complement a series of quasi‐static cyclic and dynamic shake table tests that have been conducted on this system in prior work. The hybrid simulation tests validated the expected seismic performance as the system was subjected to ground motions in excess of the maximum considered earthquake, produced virtually no residual drift after every ground motion, did not produce inelasticity in the steel frame or post‐tensioning, and concentrated the inelasticity in fuse elements that were easily replaced. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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新版抗震设防烈度区划图实施以来,大量单跨框架结构校舍因抗侧力体系不合理以及抗震承载力不足急需加固改造。针对单跨框架结构不满足刚度及承载力要求的现状,提出并阐述了BRB减震与橡胶隔震联合加固技术原理,并对昆明某实际单跨框架结构进行了动力弹性和弹塑性有限元分析,结果表明:在多遇地震下,防屈曲支撑（BRB）未屈服,结构整体处于弹性;在设防地震作用下,部分BRB屈服耗能,结构层间位移角最大值为1/582,结构主体处于弹性阶段;在罕遇地震作用下,所有BRB屈服耗能,且其滞回曲线饱满,结构弹塑性层间位移角最大值为1/148,大部分梁端部产生塑性铰,少数柱产生塑性铰,且梁较柱先出铰,表现出良好的抗震性能。研究为单跨框架结构的加固提供一条有效的新途径。 相似文献
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总结采用梁有效翼缘来考虑楼板及配筋对“强柱弱梁”机制形成的影响的实验和数值仿真研究。基于SAP2000采用三种侧向加载模式对RC框架结构不带楼板、不带楼板考虑梁刚度放大、带楼板的三个模型进行pushover分析,对力与位移的关系曲线、塑性铰的出铰顺序以及顶点位移与层间位移等方面进行探讨。结果表明:三个模型的“强柱弱梁”现象不带楼板的纯框架结构最明显,考虑梁刚度放大的模型次之,带楼板结构最不明显,证明负弯矩承载力和刚度等反映“强柱弱梁”的参数及塑性铰的出现顺序与楼板、板内配筋存在明显的对应关系;楼板及配筋影响框架结构的整体变形性能和塑性耗能能力,是抗震延性机制实现的重要影响因素。在后续的结构设计中,建议考虑实际楼板和钢筋建模进行计算分析。 相似文献