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1.
Masaharu NAKAGAWA 《地球学报》2012,33(S1):50-54
Bedded manganese ore deposits occur in many localities within the accretionary belts of the Shikoku region, SW Japan. The deposits occur mostly in bedded chert or its metamorphosed equivalent. These chert-hosted manganese deposits are considered to have been manganese nodule/crust-bearing siliceous sediments on deep-sea floor and have been converted to manganese ores by low-grade metamorphism through subduction-accretion process. The mineral assemblages of the ores reflect the metamorphic grade of the accretionary complexes. On the other hand, iron-manganese deposits and some manganese deposits occurring directly over basalt are considered to have been the hydrothermal precipitates associated with submarine volcanism. 相似文献
2.
四川黑水-平武地区位于扬子地块北西缘之可可西里-松潘前陆盆地之松潘边缘海成锰盆地,系四川省重要铁锰成矿带之一。研究区内的三叠系菠茨沟组中已发现了一批大、中型锰矿床。研究区菠茨沟组具有碎屑岩型与碳酸盐型两种沉积类型,锰矿层均产在钙质岩石与碎屑岩交替变化部位。研究表明,陆棚浅海及水下洼地为锰矿沉积的有利环境,极薄层状钙质岩石与碎屑岩沉积相的频繁演替是野外重要的找矿标志。黑水县下口地区和平武县虎牙地区为研究区最有利的锰矿找矿预测靶区。 相似文献
3.
闽中尤溪－德化－永泰地区金矿地质特征、成矿条件及成矿规律 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
闽中尤溪－德化－永泰地区中元古界基底变质岩在火山岩中呈“天窗”断续出露，火山－侵入岩浆活动强烈，北东、北西向断裂发育，是我省金矿潜在的有找矿远景的地区之一。本文通过对控制成矿的地质因素的分析研究，认为：含基性－中酸性火山沉积建造的中元古界卓地组、葛坑组基底变质岩是金的重要矿源层，是成矿的前提条件；各种构造，尤其是断裂构造，控制了成矿带的展布和矿床（点）的形成，并决定了矿（化）体的定位空间，是成矿的先决条件；多期次的岩浆活动为成矿提供热源、热液源的部分矿源，是成矿的必要条件。成矿时期始于晋宁期，印支期有明显的矿化活动，燕山期为主要的成矿时期。同时，阐述了由控矿因素所制约的若干成矿规律，进而提出该地区金的区域成矿模式，并对金的潜在资源和找矿远景进行了初步预测和评价。 相似文献
4.
南非Postmasburg地区锰矿床地质特征及成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以南非Postmasburg地区Bishop、Paling两个矿区为研究载体,将研究区的地层划分为6个岩性单元,自下而上分别为白云岩单元、铁锰矿体单元、铁质细砂岩/铁质砾岩单元、泥质粉砂岩单元、石英岩/Gamagara页岩单元和Paling页岩单元。识别出了沉积受变质型、堆积型和锰质软泥或锰土型三类矿床,并讨论了其成因模型。根据地层序列特征,将研究区的发育与演化过程划分为4个阶段。分析表明:锰质软泥或锰土是富锰白云岩遭受溶蚀后的残余物。沉积序列各单元为渐变关系,而与白云岩单元之间为不整合接触关系。三种矿床类型都与白云岩的岩溶系统有关,锰质软泥或锰土中的锰来源于富锰白云岩,另外两种则可能来源于安山岩。两次岩溶系统之后分别形成了沉积受变质型矿床和堆积型矿床。成矿后期矿体受到Marthaspoort石英岩的保护而保存下来。 相似文献
5.
叙永式高岭土矿床地质特征及其成因的探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
川南东起古蔺以东,西至长宁以西一线广泛分布的叙永式高岭土矿(图1),早在三十年代末就载入地质文献中。前人在矿物学方面做过研究。近年来随着地质工作的进展,对该矿床也相应做了不少工作。但是有关矿床成因的说法极为不一。由于现代工业对高岭土矿物原料的需求,探讨这一问题不仅在理论方面,而且在实用方面均具重要意义。 相似文献
6.
尽管秦岭泥盆系铅锌金多金属成矿带成矿作用均与热水喷流沉积作用有关，柞山地区却有别于凤太地区，具有独特的铜矿成矿背景。本文通过对矿床的岩、矿石稀土元素地球化学研究，认为浸染状贫铜矿石和近矿围岩的稀土组成和配分曲线基本一致，表明浸染状贫铜矿石代表了泥盆纪时期热水沉积事件所形成的含少量硫化物的热水沉积岩初步富集的产物，泥盆纪时期形成了穆家庄铜矿的初始矿源层。嗣岩中的层纹状硅质岩可能代表了泥盆纪时期的热水沉积岩性质。块状富矿石的稀土组成代表了广泛的陆陆碰撞造山运动所产生的流体热液作用的结果，它既就地改造了初始矿源层，而且从异地可能带来了部分成矿物质，在合适的构造部位改造富集成矿。穆家庄铜矿的成因为改造型的。 相似文献
7.
对太平洋CL、CM海山调查时获取9个富钴结壳样品,采用化学处理及ICP-MS法进行分析。对贵金属元素含量分布特征、富集因子、标准化模式以及来源进行探讨和研究。结果表明：海山结壳中贵金属元素Ag、Au、Ru、Rh、Pd、Pt等的平均含量分别为： 1.05×10-6、2.3×10-6、15.6×10-9、22.3×10-9、2.39×10-9和432×10-9。与结核、洋壳及陆地矿石的Pd/（Pt+Pd）、Pt/（Pt+Pd）和Pd/Pt等贵金属元素的比值相比,大洋富钴结壳的 Pd/（Pt+Pd） 比值最低,为0.006;其次是结核,为0.06;洋壳为0.08;陆地矿石的Pd/（Pt+Pd）比值较大,为0.35～0.65。结壳的Pt/（Pt+Pd）比值最高,为0.99;其次是结核,为0.95;洋壳为0.93;陆地矿石的Pt/（Pt+Pd）比值相对较低,为0.33～0.65。统计分析显示了不同区域、不同环境中贵金属元素的特征参数变化,并且说明富钴结壳中富铂、金、钌、铑,而贫钯。贵金属元素标准化显示,海山富钴结壳均存在着Pt、Au正异常和Pd的负异常,其中Au异常幅度与结核的Au异常一致。 相似文献
8.
I. F. Gablina I. G. Dobretsova E. V. Narkevskii A. N. Gustaitis T. A. Sadchikova N. V. Gor’kova A. T. Savichev A. D. Lyutkevich O. M. Dara 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2017,52(5):335-357
Based on materials obtained in Cruises 33 and 34 of the R/V Professor Logachev, the paper addresses formation conditions, morphology, structures, mineral composition of the present-day oceanic sulfide ores, and their relationships with the host (biogenic carbonate) bottom sediments in the 19°–20° N MAR (Zenith-Victoria and Petersburg hydrothermal fields) region. The grain size distribution, mineral composition of the carbonate (background) and ore-hosting sediments, as well as physicochemical parameters of their interstitial waters, are examined. The results suggest a significant role of hydrothermal-metasomatic processes in the formation of ores and ore-bearing sediments. A model is proposed for the formation of sulfide mineralization in oceanic sediments at the geochemical barrier in the zone of their interaction with the acid hydrothermal (diffuse-type) ore-bearing solutions delivered from rocks of the ocean floor. 相似文献
9.
锡铁山铅锌矿床的找矿潜力与找矿方向 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
锡铁山大型铅锌矿床发育有完整的海相喷流沉积系统,包括喷流管道相、近喷口相和沉积相.其中,网脉状蚀变角砾岩带长＞2km、宽＞200m,代表喷流管通相;容矿大理岩长＞3km,宽＞1km,最大厚度＞200m,分布于网脉状蚀变岩的外侧,为喷流沉积岩;穿插于厚层块状大理岩中的非层状铅锌矿体是未喷出海底的含矿热液充填、交代的产物,条带状结构的层状铅锌矿体属喷流沉积相.锡铁山矿床喷流管道系统规模巨大,其大规模的物质供给系统为国内外现已发现的SEDEX铅锌矿床中罕见.现已揭露的锡铁山矿床主体属于喷流沉积系统的中心和近喷口相部分,锡铁山地区还存在巨大规模的层状铅锌矿体(床)尚待发现,同时,在矿床东南方向深部的侧伏延深部位,还具有一定规模的赋存于厚层大理岩中的非层状铅锌矿体.这些大规模层状铅锌矿体的找矿标志层可能不再是大理岩,主要围岩可能是富含炭质、钙质的沉积岩,如深灰-灰黑色的含炭方解石片岩、炭质片岩、方解石绢云片岩等.锡铁山东南部地区的滩涧山群相应赋存层位是大规模层状铅锌矿的主攻找矿方向. 相似文献
10.
莫托萨拉铁锰矿床位于西天山阿吾拉勒成矿带东端,研究程度相对薄弱,在矿床成因方面存在热水沉积、沉积-热液改造、胶体化学沉积等争论。本文详细研究了莫托萨拉最上层锰矿及其围岩的矿物组成、结构构造和地球化学特征,并综合前人资料对整个铁锰矿床的成因做了进一步探讨。本研究首次在矿区发现了热液长石岩,其主要由钠长石、钾长石以及少量重晶石、霓石、锌铁黄长石等矿物组成,类似于"白烟型"热水沉积岩。莫托萨拉最上层锰矿主要由锰橄榄石、褐锰矿、红硅锰矿、磁锰铁矿以及少量重晶石、方铁锰矿等矿物组成,发育有典型的热水内碎屑结构,指示其沉积于海底热液喷流口附近。该层锰矿的Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值很低(0～0.02)、Si/Al值较高(7.9～10.9)、Fe/Ti值很高(428～1353),通过UCC标准化后发现明显富集Zn、Ba、Pb等元素,而Co、Ni、Cu等元素未见富集,以上地球化学特征与现代海底热液成因铁锰沉积物一致。在Fe/Ti-Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)、Si O2-Al2O3、10×(Co+Ni+Cu)-Fe-Mn、100×(Zr+Ce+Y)-15×(Cu+Ni)-(Fe+Mn)/4等判别图中,莫托萨拉的锰矿层和铁矿层样品均落在海底热液沉积区。锰矿层和铁矿层的稀土元素经PAAS标准化后具有明显的Ce负异常、Eu正异常和Y正异常,与现代海底热液成因铁锰沉积物的稀土配分模式非常相似。综合分析本次研究的矿物学、岩石学、地球化学特征以及前人资料,本文认为莫托萨拉铁锰矿床为海相热水沉积成因,成矿与同期海底火山的间歇性活动密切相关,海底热液的化学组分、温度高低和活动强弱都具有明显的脉动性。莫托萨拉矿区铁锰共存但各自独立成矿,且铁锰分离程度较高,这在显生宙沉积型锰矿中独具特色。鉴于前人曾报道莫托萨拉铁矿石中存在菌藻类微生物化石,我们推测,该矿床的铁锰分离过程除了受控于沉积环境的氧化还原条件变化外,微生物的选择性氧化沉淀可能也发挥了重要作用,值得开展深入研究。 相似文献
11.
This work is a review of the modern concepts of the accumulation of Fe and Mn in the Baikal bottom sediments and the regularities of formation of iron-manganese (including phosphate-bearing) nodules in the lake. Special attention is given to the probable participation of hydrothermal water in this process and the genesis of ancient nodules deeply buried in the Baikal sediments. The possible relationship between the shore ores and the nodules in the bottom sediments in the adjacent Baikal regions has been first shown. 相似文献
12.
13.
新疆西天山晚古生代磁铁矿带是中国重要的铁矿带,其成矿地质背景与成因类型一直以来存在很大的争论.本文在已有研究成果的基础上,结合大量野外调查资料和室内研究工作,对西天山主要磁铁矿床的成因类型、成矿背景、成矿规律进行了详细研究.研究表明,主要磁铁矿床矿石矿物Sr、Nd、Pb同位素基本落入洋陆俯冲碰撞下的岛弧环境;矿石形成年龄介于火山岩与中酸性侵入岩之间,接近于火山岩年龄,矿石与火山岩具有密切的成因联系.矿床总体归为海相火山岩型铁矿,可划分出3个亚类:火山喷溢型、火山-次火山热液型、火山喷溢-热液叠加型,不同亚类矿床具有不同的矿体、矿石特征.铁矿石的形成与俯冲带流体的交代作用有着密切的关系,早期为富铁岩浆交代后分异结晶作用的产物,后期则为火山热液沿断裂、裂隙交代、卸载的产物. 相似文献
14.
烂泥沟金矿是以浊积岩为容矿岩石的微细浸染型金矿。有机岩石学分析表明,矿石与围岩中干酪根类型无明显差别,同属腐泥-腐植型。与围岩相比,矿石中干酪根成熟度(R0=2.74%-3.06%)和含金性(6.15-24.8μg/g)均较高;干酪根总含金量在全岩中所占的比例是围岩高于矿石。氯仿沥青“A”的检测说明,矿石样品中可溶性有机质形成于强还原和高盐度环境,沥青质和含硫有机化合物发育。研究认为,干酪根含金性与碳的活化有关;不饱和的有机基因对金的动一定转换可能具有重要意义。 相似文献
15.
条带状铁建造(BIF)是3.5～1.8Ga前陆架和洋盆的常见沉积物.前寒武纪条带状铁建造构成了世界上重要的铁矿资源.虽然它们成矿过程及其演化的许多方面的问题仍未解决,但人们普遍认为,它们沉积方式的长期变化与地球的环境和地球化学演化有关.条带状铁建造记录了前寒武纪古海洋、古环境、大气条件和细菌代谢条件以及铁的来源和沉积过... 相似文献
16.
A general analysis procedure is developed for the evaluation of the effective stress response of a porous ocean bed subjected to random waves. The ocean floor soil is treated as a saturated porous elastic medium and Biot's theory is used to formulate the coupled flow and deformation. The waves are treated as a random process which is described by Pierson–Moskowitz spectrum. The derived statistical properties of the response are used to evaluate the probability of failure in ocean bed. 相似文献
17.
物探方法在滇东北地区寻找隐伏矿床的应用效果 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
滇东北地区被地质学家认为是铅锌(银)矿成矿地质条件优越的地区之一,但历年来发现的铅锌(银)矿床均为地表露头矿,找矿标志明显,容易发现,而这些矿床的探明储量几乎开采耗尽,地质工作面临老矿山深部和外围寻找隐伏矿床的艰巨任务.近年来云南地矿资源有限公司利用加拿大时间域瞬变电磁法(TEM)和直流激发极化法(IP)配合,在地形复杂的滇东北乐红铅锌矿深部勘查中进行应用研究,获得较好的找矿效果,随后该方法应用于周边地区寻找隐伏矿床,有些已获得成功,有些正在验证之中.通过实践以及综合研究,笔者认为瞬变电磁法和激发极化法配合,对地形复杂地区寻找隐伏矿床具有广阔的应用前景. 相似文献
18.
Heinz Bottke 《Mineralium Deposita》1969,4(4):355-367
Zusammenfassung Die Eisenmanganerze der Grube Dr. Geier bei Bingen am Rhein/Westdeutschland gehören zu den Verwitterungslagerstätten des Mangans. Sie sind an mitteldevonische Dolomite einer isoklinalen Mulde gebunden, die von marinen Sanden des Oligozäns überlagert werden. Ihre Bildungsräume sind Dolinen des Dolomitkarstes. Die Anlage der Dolinen ist gebunden an die Verbreitungsbereiche massiger Dolomite sowie an Zonen starker tektonischer Beanspruchung, in denen sie sich durch Mischungskorrosion gebildet haben. Ihre Füllungen bestehen bis zu 50% aus unvererzten tertiären Feinsanden und Tonen. Die Eisenmanganerze mit einem durchschnittlichen Fe/Mn-Verhältnis von 2:1 entstanden aus deszendenten Verwitterungslösungen durch eine gegenseitige Ausfällung von Hydroxidsolen des Fe und Mn. Mineralogisch bestehen sie aus Muskovit (10–50%), Goethit (30–50%), röntgenamorphen Mn-Oxiden (20–30%) sowie Hartmanganerzkonkretionen (0–22%) aus Manganit und Polianit/Pyrolusit. Die Herkunft der Mn-führenden Verwitterungslösungen wird sowohl aus den benachbarten Tonschiefern als auch aus den Dolomiten angenommen.
Tertiary manganese-ores of the Dr. Geier-Mine, near Bingen on the Rhine, were mined since 1840, and are genetically connected with the karst of middle Devonian dolomites. They show relations between the karst topography and their petrofacies and tectonic structures. Cavities, caverns, sinkholes and dolines depend on fractures, joint-sets (ac, okl, hol, hkl) and bedding planes of an isoclinal trough. These structures in the massive dolomites have been the waterways formed through-mixed corrosion during an uplift-period and under a warm climate in the Eocene and the Lower Oligocene. Clays, sands, brecciated slides and the ores are the fillings of dolines, which posess their greatest extension near strike-faults of the syncline. The ores are mixed iron-manganese ores with a proportion of Fe: Mn of 2:1. The clayish ore types contain variable amounts of muscovite (10–50%), goethite (30–50%), amorphous Mn-oxides (20–30%) and hard concretions of manganite and pyrolusite (0–22%). The genesis of the ores is explicable as a mixture of colloidal solutions of Fe- and Mn-hydroxides under oxidizing conditions of the karst-hydrography.相似文献
19.
Hetu C. Sheth 《地学学报》2008,20(3):229-236
Many geochemical diagrams exist that classify old volcanic terranes of ambiguous provenance into various modern plate tectonic settings, with variable success. Recently proposed diagrams, based on log‐ratios and linear discriminant analysis with large datasets of major oxides, were tested here with data for ocean island, arc and mid‐ocean ridge lavas from the Indian Ocean. Success rates are 45–100%, with misclassifications potentially caused by alteration, although alteration demonstrably need not cause misclassification. The diagrams were further applied to some Asian ophiolites, representing Tethyan and Indian ocean crusts, to see if the diagrams confirm their tectonic setting inferred from trace and isotopic data. Lower success rates (30–60%, but 75–100% for specific suites) are not surprising in view of the ubiquitous and complex alteration in ophiolites. Log‐ratio transformation and linear discriminant analysis appear to be powerful methods when discrimination diagrams are based on major oxide data alone. 相似文献
20.
The stability of river channels and their suitability as habitat for aqueous organisms is strongly controlled by the rate of bedload transport. Quantification of bedload transport rates in rivers is difficult, not only because of the temporal variation in transport, but also because of the cross‐channel variation in transport. The objectives of this study were: (i) to determine the effect of cross‐channel variation in bedload transport on the uncertainty of width‐integrated transport rates; and to use this knowledge (ii) to improve guidelines for bedload sampling. This was done through a thorough statistical evaluation of stochastic and systematic uncertainties involved in bed‐load transport measurements. Based on this evaluation, new guidelines are presented for determination of the number of samples and sampling positions across the channel that are required for bedload measurements in several types of sand‐bed rivers and gravel‐bed rivers. The guidelines relate to bedload measurements made with pressure‐difference (Helley‐Smith type) samplers that require numerous bedload samples of short duration at several positions across the channel. The results show that generally more sampling positions across the channel are required in gravel‐bed rivers than in sand‐bed rivers. For gravel‐bed rivers with unknown cross‐channel distribution of transport, at least 10 sampling positions are recommended, whereas for most sand‐bed rivers five positions suffice. In addition, at least 12 short‐duration samples are required at each position to obtain bedload estimates with uncertainties below 20%. If the same level of uncertainty is desired in the case of high spatial and temporal variation in transport rates, the number of short‐duration samples needed per sampling position increases to 40. 相似文献