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黔东北地区是一个地质环境复杂的地区,地质灾害分布范围广、数量多,属于贵州省地质灾害高易发区域。为了深入研究地质灾害时空分布特征与孕灾地质环境规律,以黔东北地区沿河县为研究区,通过野外孕灾地质条件实地调查成果资料,结合历年地质灾害数据,详细阐述研究区内地质灾害分布的总体特征,总结地质灾害孕灾地质条件,深入分析各类孕灾因子对滑坡、崩塌等地质灾害发育的控制作用,通过综合分析研究区内孕灾地质条件,进一步将研究区划分为三大孕灾地质条件区,为减轻地质灾害风险、防灾减灾提供了科学依据。研究结果表明：研究区内地质灾害发生的时间受月平均降雨量影响十分显著;空间分布情况受地层岩性特征影响较大;区内地质灾害主要孕灾地质条件为地形地貌、地层岩性、斜坡结构等,降雨和人类工程活动为外部诱发因素;区内易滑地层主要为中志留统秀山组、下志留统龙马溪组、下奥陶统大湾组等;易崩地层主要为下奥陶统大湾组、下志留统雷家屯组、中二叠统茅口组;不同灾种的斜坡结构具有明显的差异性,滑坡主要发育于凹型和折线型斜坡,崩塌则多发育于凸型斜坡;研究区内地表水系与地质灾害发生具有一定关联性,区内乌江流域水系沿线200m范围内发生地质灾害数量占... 相似文献
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本文基于六安市裕安区地质灾害风险调查工作成果,对裕安区滑坡崩塌地质灾害与地形地貌之间的关系进行分析研究,查清其地灾的地域分布特征,对斜坡类型、斜坡坡度、斜坡坡高、斜坡坡向与地灾的数量进行统计,分析裕安区滑坡崩塌地质灾害成因,为本地区的地质灾害风险评价和地质灾害监测预警工作提供理论依据。 相似文献
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会宁县地处黄土高原和青藏高原交接地带,是我国受新构造运动最为活跃的地区之一。本文在充分研究该区区域地质环境条件的基础上,根据会宁县地质灾害详细调查与区划项目野外调查资料,明确了该地区地质灾害的主要类型为不稳定斜坡和泥石流,共计30处,其中不稳定斜坡23处,集中分布于祖厉河岸两侧阶地前缘斜坡地带;泥石流沟7条,主要分布于县城周边,分别为县城北侧的鸭掌沟、教场沟、陆家岔沟,县城南侧燕家岔沟、史家岔沟、步龙岔沟和范家大湾沟。同时对不稳定斜坡和泥石流地质灾害的发育分布特征、地形地貌、地层结构、降雨和人类工程活动进行分析,得出地形地貌是斜坡变形发生破坏的先决条件,降雨是导致不稳定斜坡发育的诱发因素,而人类工程活动是造成祖厉河右岸边坡变形产生变形的主要影响因素。 相似文献
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汶川地震极重灾区地质背景及次生斜坡灾害空间发育规律 总被引：22，自引：4，他引：18
512汶川大地震造成大量的次生斜坡灾害,本次研究区域为汶川大地震的11个重灾区,包括汶川、北川、青川、安县、平武、茂县、江油、彭州、什邡、绵竹、理县等市县。通过对重灾区航片、卫片、雷达图像的解译研究发现,重灾区次生斜坡灾害的主要灾种表现为崩塌、滑坡以及崩塌、滑坡高速运动解体形成的碎屑流（个别地方由于水的参与表现为泥石流）以及它们堵江形成的堰塞湖。研究发现地震次生斜坡灾害的发育具有明显的丛集性规律。从区域上看,次生斜坡灾害明显呈带状,沿龙门山断裂带展布,并主要受北川映秀断裂控制。各灾种的发育在不同地段发育的规模、频率差别较大。以灾害分布面积来排序,汶川县灾害面积最大,为131.55km2,其次为北川县,为45.57km2,其余9个县（市）灾害面积相差不大,均介于6~17km2,其中理县灾害面积最小,为6.25km2。各灾种的发育在不同地段发育的规模、频率差别较大。青川县、平武县灾种主要为滑坡,汶川县、茂县、安县、理县灾种主要表现崩塌转化的碎屑流,北川的主要灾种则为碎屑流,其次为滑坡,什邡、彭州、绵竹、江油等地主要灾种为崩塌。
灾种发育的这种地域性差别主要受控于地层岩性,除此而外,还与构造特征、地形地貌等因素紧密相关。研究表明:岩性对灾害种类的展布有决定性控制作用。统计发现,岩性越坚硬,崩塌、碎屑流发育率越高,滑坡则在软岩地区、较软岩地区和较坚硬区发育率最高,泥石流则在软岩地区最为发育。地形地貌对次生斜坡灾害的发育有重要影响,统计表明,崩塌、碎屑流以及泥石流在1200～2000m坡段范围内发育率最高,其次为800～1200m坡段;而滑坡则在800～1200m坡段范围发育率最高。对坡度而言,除11~20坡度范围外,崩塌和碎屑流的发育率总体具有随坡度增高而增大的特点;而滑坡和泥石流的发育率呈现典型的单峰特征,在1~20范围内发育率最大。坡向对地震次生斜坡灾害的发育影响不明显。
地震次生斜坡灾害的发育规律表明,地震斜坡灾害的发生主要受控于活动构造本身,并沿活动构造呈带状展布,同时受场地条件如岩性、地形地貌等因素的强烈控制。 相似文献
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本文以安徽省怀宁县崩塌、滑坡和泥石流孕灾地质条件为研究对象,在分析怀宁县以往地质灾害调查成果基础之上,进行总结性分析研究,阐述了崩塌、滑坡孕灾地质条件和泥石流孕灾地质条件的基本特征,初步分析了地质灾害的形成机理.研究认为,不同地质条件对地质灾害的控制方式和影响程度不同,区内崩塌、滑坡孕灾地质条件按影响程度由大到小为地形地貌、易崩易滑地层、致塌致滑构造、工程地质岩组、斜坡结构、风化程度和大气降水等七类,泥石流孕灾条件为局部特殊汇水地形地貌条件、山坡中下部松散堆积物物源条件和持续大暴雨带来的水源条件等三类.本文研究成果可为后期怀宁县地质灾害风险调查评价工作提供重要依据,同时也为同行在孕灾地质条件调查和研究方面提供一定价值的参考. 相似文献
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文章以"略阳县"为例,对受汶川地震影响的陕西省重灾县滑坡进行统计分析研究。研究结果显示以略阳为代表的陕西重灾县滑坡灾害极为发育,滑坡类型以堆积层滑坡为主、黄土滑坡次之、岩质滑坡最少。滑坡发育在时间上具有年际与年内的集中期特点,在空间上主要分布于低中山区,平面上主要分布在县城周围人类工程活动强烈区。此外,滑坡的发育分布是地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、气象水文及人类工程活动等多种影响因素耦合的结果,地震作用主要是通过能量的传递对斜坡产生短期促滑影响和长期稳定性扰动。 相似文献
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2019年5月31日,受持续强降雨影响,福州市永泰县城峰镇后山发生滑坡灾害。本文通过收集“2019.5.31滑坡”基础资料,对研究区开展调查,分析滑坡发育特征和影响因素,并结合试验数据等对研究区滑坡灾害稳定性进行研究。结果表明：滑坡位于福州市永泰县城峰镇后山自然斜坡,主要受地形地貌、岩土性质、水及人为主要因素影响,滑坡体以滚石、碎石为主,含少量的粘性土,滑坡属小型浅层土质滑坡;该滑坡平面上呈半圆形,自然斜坡为陡—缓—陡地形,斜坡易汇水、不易排水;物源为浅表层残坡积粘性土;该滑坡在自重状态下,安全系数为1.3,处于稳定状态;在自重+暴雨状态下安全系数为1.15,处于不稳定状态。其中2剖面和4剖面,天然状态下稳定性分别为1.232和1.084,处于基本稳定状态。但两者暴雨状态下稳定性分别为1.047和0.901,处于欠稳定-不稳定状态。本研究可为后续滑坡治理工作提供参考依据。 相似文献
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缓倾滑坡在我国西南地区广泛分布,该类滑坡具有规模大、成灾机理多样的特点,其滑坡从孕育发展到最终失稳破坏是一个缓慢而渐进的过程。本文以晴隆县某大型不稳定斜坡为例,开展地面调查、高密度电法、钻探及井探等多元地质勘探,研究缓倾滑坡孕灾特征及成灾机理。该斜坡因其不利的地质结构体、地形地貌特征及大量开垦、建房的人为活动影响,坡体发生了局部变形;针对此类具有不利地质、坡体结构且变形为初期蠕变斜坡,建议采取“综合监测工程+斜坡截排水沟的综合治理措施”完善地表排水系统,同时以监测为主实现防灾减灾目的,对类似地质灾害隐患点的减灾防灾工作具有一定借鉴意义。 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
13.
Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level 相似文献
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正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7), 相似文献
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正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci- 相似文献
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正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli- 相似文献
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正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.) 相似文献
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正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861 相似文献