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1.
T. D. Borisova N. F. Blagoveshchenskaya I. M. Ivanova M. T. Rietveld 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2013,53(1):32-42
The interaction between the Earth’s ionosphere and magnetosphere in a situation when artificial disturbances are generated in the F region of the auroral ionosphere with the EISCAT/Heating facility is studied. An experiment was performed in the daytime when the facility effective radiated power changed in a stepwise manner. Wavelike disturbances with periods of (130–140) s corresponding to Pc4 pulsations were simultaneously registered by the method of bi-static backscatter and with ground magnetometers. The variations in the Doppler frequency shift were correlated with the changes in the facility power. Incoherent scatter radar measurements at a frequency of 930 MHz (Tromsö) and numerical calculations were used in an analysis. It has been indicated that the ionospheric drift of small-scale artificial ionospheric irregularities was modulated by magnetospheric Alfvén waves. The possible effect of powerful HF radioemission on the Alfvén wave amplitude owing to the modification of the magnetospheric resonator ionospheric edge reflectivity and the generation of an outgoing Alfvén wave above the region where the ionospheric conductivity is locally intensified has been considered. 相似文献
2.
O. M. Chugunova V. A. Pilipenko S. L. Shalimov M. Engebretson 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2008,48(3):307-313
The variations in the daily average energy of geomagnetic pulsations and noise in the Pc3 (20–60 mHz) and Pc4 (10–19 mHz) frequency bands in the polar cap have been studied based on the data from P5 Antarctic station (corrected geomagnetic latitude ?87°) from November 1998 to November 1999. The daily average pulsation energy has been calculated using the method for detecting the wave packets, the spectral amplitude of which is higher than the threshold level, from the dynamic spectrum. A spectral analysis of the energy of pulsations and noise in the Pc3 and Pc4 bands, performed using the maximal entropy method, has revealed periodicities of 18 days in the local winter and 26, 13, and 7–9 days during the local summer. The simultaneous and coherent variations with periods of 26, 13, and 7–9 days in the solar wind velocity and IMF orientation indicate that the variations in the Pc3–4 wave energy in the polar cap at a sunlit ionosphere are mainly controlled by the parameters of the interplanetary medium. The variations in the Pc3–4 wave energy with a period of 18 days are observed only during the local winter and are supposedly related to the variations in the ionospheric conductivity modulated by planetary waves. 相似文献
3.
A preliminary analysis of Pc5, ULF wave activity observed with the IMAGE magnetometer array and the EISCAT UHF radar in the post midnight sector indicates that such waves can be caused by the modulation of the ionospheric conductivity as well as the wave electric field. An observed Pc5 pulsation is divided into three separate intervals based upon the EISCAT data. In the first and third, the Pc5 waves are observed only in the measured electron density between 90 and 112 km and maxima in the electron density at these altitudes are attributed to pulsed precipitation of electrons with energies up to 40 keV which result in the height integrated Hall conductivity being pulsed between 10 and 50 S. In the second interval, the Pc5 wave is observed in the F-region ion temperature, electron density and electron temperature but not in the D and E region electron densities. The analysis suggests that the wave during this interval is a coupled Alfven and compressional mode. 相似文献
4.
本文首先从电子密度及电子温度的输运方程和考虑自作用时的电磁波波动方程出发,利用简正模展开的方法推导出泵波在反射区域激发出热自聚焦不稳定性(thermal self-focusing instabilities,TSFI)所需电场阈值以及其增长率的完整数学表达式,并估算了TSFI激发阈值及所对应的有效辐射功率(ERP)的量级.随后利用三维垂直加热的理论模型,结合国际参考电离层(IRI-2012)和中性大气模型(MSIS-E-00)给出的背景参数,数值模拟了大功率高频泵波加热电离层时泵波反射区域电子密度及电子温度因TSFI而产生的变化及发展的过程,并对比分析了不同背景参数对较热效果的影响.结果表明:当高频泵波的加热阈值达到或超过百毫伏每米的量级时,即可激发TSFI,发展出大尺度电子密度及温度不均匀体,这些不均匀体内的密度耗空约为4%~10%,而电子温度剧烈增长,到达背景温度值的1.6~2.1倍;且在相当的加热条件下,背景电子温度越低、电子密度越小,加热效果越显著;电子密度及电子温度的扰动幅度随着加热时间的推移而逐渐减小,即扰动逐渐趋于饱和,且电子温度要快于电子密度达到饱和状态.本文还对泵波反射高度处的电子密度及电子温度变化率进行采样并求得其功率谱密度,分析结果表明:TSFI发展出的大尺度不均匀体满足幂律谱结构,谱指数随着加热的进行逐渐趋于稳定,白天与夜间的幂律谱指数区别不大,但电子密度与电子温度的幂律谱有所区别. 相似文献
5.
大功率无线电波能加热电离层等离子体,可以引起电离层电子温度和密度的扰动,实现电离层的人工变态.从电子的连续性方程、动量方程和能量方程出发,我们给出了地面人工大功率无线电波加热电离层的数值模型.通过对方程的数值求解,计算了极地电离层条件下,电子温度、电子密度的加热效应,讨论了泵波参数对加热效应的影响.研究结果表明,电子温度几乎在整个高度上表现为一致性的幅度增强,且在反射高度附近形成温度增强峰很平缓.电子密度在峰上高度附近形成密度谷,谷两侧存在密度增强.加热效应基本随加热功率的增大而增大,随加热频率的增大而减小.使用我国2008年1月在挪威进行的电离层加热实验的电离层参量作为仿真初值,对6个O波加热时刻进行了数值仿真,仿真结果与实验观测基本保持一致. 相似文献
6.
The results of magnetometric observations and radar studies of the lower ionosphere during the superstrong magnetic storm (geospace storm) of November 7–10, 2004, are presented and analyzed. An increase in the electron density and in the amplitudes of its aperiodic and quasi-periodic variations at high level of magnetic activity is detected. In individual time intervals, the relation of Pc5-6 magnetic pulsations to short-period (5–15 min) wave disturbances in the electron density in the lower ionosphere was observed. 相似文献
7.
The influence of the homogeneous and inhomogeneous ionosphere on the orientation angle of the horizontal magnetic vectors of the long-time geomagnetic pulsations is under consideration in this study. It was realized that this angle is small in the case of the homogeneous ionosphere for both the Alfvén and magnetosonic types of oscillations. An increase in the ionospheric electric field was discovered as the ionospheric conductivity changes during the switch from day to night conditions. It is valid only for the initial Alfvén wave. The ionospheric equivalent current systems excited by the initial magnetospheric waves of Alfvén and magnetosonic types as well as their behavior near the terminator were studied for different seasons. For the Alfvén source, seasonal variations of the orientation angle close to sunrise at the equator depend on the type of source: odd or even modes of Alfvén oscillations excite observable pulsations. It was found that the ionospheric two-vortex equivalent current system of the long-period pulsations arising in high-latitudes in the equatorial region alters not only its direction, but its intensity too. The largest anomaly (\sim25% of the source value) would be expected near the terminator. A new experimental method was suggested to recognize the type of incident magnetospheric waves by implementing observations either at a single observatory or at a couple of observatories. In the case of a single observatory it is proposed to study the frequency dependence of the orientation angle of their magnetic components close to sunrise. If the initial wave is magnetosonic, this angle must not be changed as a function of the local time within the wide frequency range of pulsations. When pulsations have an orientation angle sensitive to the presence of the terminator, they may be classified as both Alfvén and magnetosonic. For the Alfvén waves no frequency dependence of the orientational angle is peculiar. On the contrary, magnetosonic waves should be determined as oscillations with an orientational angle proportional to the frequency. These oscillations may be revealed at observatories located on the high-resistance cross sections. The example of the spectral-temporal analysis of pulsation at the equatorial observatory in Huancayo was demonstrated to confirm the proposed experimental technique. A weak dependence of the orientation angle anomaly on the frequency near the terminator was found. The latter is evidence for the dominant contribution of the Alfvén waves to low-latitude and equatorial oscillations. 相似文献
8.
Results of Russian experiments dealing with the impact of powerful HF radiowaves on the high-latitude ionosphere using the EISCAT facilities 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
N. F. Blagoveshchenskaya T. D. Borisova M. T. Rietveld T. K. Yeoman D. M. Wright M. Rother H. Lühr E. V. Mishin C. Roth 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2011,51(8):1109-1120
We present the results of complex experiments dealing with the impact of powerful HF radiowaves on the high-latitude ionosphere
using the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) facilities. During the ionospheric F-region heating by powerful extraordinary (X-mode) polarized HF radiowaves under the conditions of heating near the critical
f
H frequency f
H ≈ f
x
F2 of the extraordinary wave of the F2-layer, we were first to detect the excitation of intense artificial small-scale ionospheric irregularities (ASIs), accompanied
by electron temperature increases by approximately 50%. The results of coordinated satellite and ground-based observations
of the powerful HF radiowave impact on the high-latitude ionosphere are considered. During ionospheric F-region heating by powerful HF radiowaves of ordinary polarization (O-mode) during evening hours, the phenomenon of ion outflow
accompanied by electron temperature increases and thermal plasma expansion was revealed. Concurrent DMSP-F15 satellite measurements
at a height of about 850 km indicate an O+ ion density increase. The CHAMP satellite observations identified ULF emissions at the modulation frequency (3 Hz) of the
powerful HF radiowave, generated during modulated emissions of the powerful HF radiowave of O-polarization and accompanied
by a substantial increase in the electron temperature and ASI generation. 相似文献
9.
Day-time Pc 3–4 (≃5–60 mHz) and night-time Pi 2 (≃5–20 mHz) ULF waves propagating down through the ionosphere can cause oscillations in the Doppler shift of HF radio transmissions that are correlated with the magnetic pulsations recorded on the ground. In order to examine properties of these correlated signals, we conducted a joint HF Doppler/magnetometer experiment for two six-month intervals at a location near L = 1.8. The magnetic pulsations were best correlated with ionospheric oscillations from near the F region peak. The Doppler oscillations were in phase at two different altitudes, and their amplitude increased in proportion to the radio sounding frequency. The same results were obtained for the O- and X-mode radio signals. A surprising finding was a constant phase difference between the pulsations in the ionosphere and on the ground for all frequencies below the local field line resonance frequency, independent of season or local time. These observations have been compared with theoretical predictions of the amplitude and phase of ionospheric Doppler oscillations driven by downgoing Alfvén mode waves. Our results agree with these predictions at or very near the field line resonance frequency but not at other frequencies. We conclude that the majority of the observations, which are for pulsations below the resonant frequency, are associated with downgoing fast mode waves, and models of the wave-ionosphere interaction need to be modified accordingly. 相似文献
10.
M.J. Kosch B. Gustavsson C. Heinselman T. Pedersen M.T. Rietveld J. Spaleta A. Wong W. Wang C. Mutiso B. Bristow J. Hughes 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2009,71(17-18):1959-1966
We report first results from a unique experiment performed at the HIPAS ionospheric modification facility in conjunction with the Poker Flat incoherent scatter radar in Alaska. High-power radio waves at 2.85 MHz, which corresponds to the second electron gyro-harmonic at ~245 km altitude, were transmitted into the nighttime ionosphere. Clear evidence of F-region ionospheric electron temperature enhancements were found, for the first time at this pump frequency, maximizing when the pump frequency is close to the second gyro-harmonic and double resonance. This is consistent with previous pump-enhanced artificial optical observations. We estimate the plasma heating efficiency to be approximately double that for higher pump frequencies. 相似文献
11.
从电子能量方程和连续性方程出发,利用国际参考电离层(IRI-2007)和中性大气模型(NRLMSISE-00)得出背景参数,数值计算了大功率无线电波加热南京地区低电离层的电子温度和电子密度扰动幅度,并对比了不同加热条件下的电离层扰动效应.结果表明,大功率无线电波入射到电离层后,与等离子体相互作用,能够有效造成电子温度的升高而产生电子温度扰动;由于电子温度升高,等离子体碰撞频率增加且电子的复合系数减小,导致电子密度扰动;电子温度和电子密度的扰动幅度随着加热时间的推移而减小,即扰动逐渐趋于饱和;电子温度扰动的弛豫时间尺度为微秒量级,电子密度扰动的弛豫时间尺度为毫秒量级;在欠密加热条件下,X波模比O波模更容易吸收. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2003,65(10):1161-1167
The ultra-low-frequency (ULF) geomagnetic pulsations observed at two nearly conjugate mid-latitude sites are examined to study their spatial structure and polarization, and learn about the role of ionospheric conductivity in forming their ground signatures. The data of 1999–2002 from Antarctica and New England (L of 2.4) are compared with the numerical results obtained in a simple plane model of ULF wave propagation through the ionosphere and atmosphere. The multi-layered model environment includes an anisotropic and parametrically time-dependent ionosphere, a uniform magnetosphere and a conducting Earth, all placed in a tilted geomagnetic field. The measured diurnal and seasonal variations in the orientation angle of the polarization ellipse are interpreted as effects of hydromagnetic wave propagation through the ionosphere and conversion to an electromagnetic field below. Essentially, the phase, amplitude and polarization of ULF waves observed at the ground are controlled by the wave's spatial structure in the magnetosphere and ionospheric transverse conductivities. The differences shown by the characteristics of simultaneous pulsations in conjugate areas arise mainly from different local ionospheric conditions, while the source waves of the pulsations are common to both sites. 相似文献
13.
The ionospheric Alfvén resonator (IAR) control mechanism over the EMIC wave transmission to the ground is demonstrated on a selected long-term frequency-variable subauroral Pcl event. The proper ionospheric plasma data obtained from EISCAT were accessible in a wide altitude range. Applying the numerical method of simulation of a realistic inhomogeneous IAR, the problem of appearance and disappearance of the ground Pc1 signal record was clarified on the basis of coincidence between the EMIC wave frequency spectrum and the IAR fundamental frequency peak (the frequency window). A shift of the signal source field line to lower latitudes during the development of the disturbance was noticed, and the signal frequency variation on the ground was modelled in the nonstationary IAR. Variation of the IAR altitude structure in the fundamental frequency was illustrated on altitude profiles of the normalized wave magnetic field amplitude in the horizontal and vertical components. Particular conditions of L
- and R
-wave mode incidence were assumed. The electron density vertical profile of IAR determines the effective resonator dimensions. In this way the IAR fundamental frequency window controls the signal within the ionosphere and on the ground. 相似文献
14.
15.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2000,62(4):231-238
A self-consistent model for the generation of Pc 1 pearl emissions based on the nonlinear coupling between the magnetospheric and ionospheric resonators for Alfvén waves is considered. Formation of pearls is attributed to the pulsating regime of the Alfvén sweep maser with nonlinear selective mirrors. Such mirrors are formed by the conjugate ionospheres: their reflection coefficient has an oscillatory frequency dependence due to eigenmodes of the ionospheric Alfvén resonator. Nonlinear magnetosphere/ionosphere feedback is provided by the dependence of the value and frequency of the reflection maxima on the flux of energetic protons precipitated into the ionospheres in the course of Alfvén wave generation in the magnetosphere. A nonlinear soliton-like solution of this model is found which corresponds to a single wave packet having the positive frequency drift and oscillating between the conjugate ionospheres. Properties of this solution are shown to explain many observational characteristics of Pc 1 pearls, such as their morningside predominance, correlation with low magnetic activity, spatio-temporal and spectral patterns. 相似文献
16.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2000,62(4):267-276
A review of the artificial excitation of Alfvén waves and vortices in the ionospheric Alfvén resonator (IAR) is presented. In the framework of simplified models of the IAR and the Alfvén vortex instability, we discuss the main physical phenomena arising under the periodic heating of the ionosphere by a powerful HF radio signal with a modulation frequency F which lies in the range of short-period geomagnetic pulsations (F = 0.1–10 Hz). The amplitudes, frequency spectra, and polarization characteristics of artificial pulsations on the ground are found, and a brief comparison with experimental data is made. The Alfvén vortex instability in the IAR is analysed from the point of view of its artificial triggering. Two ways of such a triggering are discussed. The first suggests the use of two spaced transmitter antenna which produce an ionospheric current being in resonance with Alfvén vortices. Existing heating facilities are suitable for this experiment. The second method is based on the change of macroscopic parameters of the ionosphere, such as the conductivity in the instability region. This method is simple, but requires more powerful heaters. 相似文献
17.
18.
Summary This article is a continuation of the methodological series of the author's papers[2–4] related to the problem of numerical modelling of ionospheric filtration of signals in the Pc1 range of micropulation frequencies. A matrix method of treating the total wave field within the ionospheric transition layer is presented in connection with the total wave fields determined at both boundaries of the ionospheric transition layer. The computation is based on the method of thin layers (homogeneous) in a finely stratified, inhomogeneous and anisotropic (magneto-active) ionosphere. The results can be used in constructing automated computation algorithms which add considerably to the applications of the method in question[2–4]. 相似文献
19.
The set of experiments in 2017 included the forecasting of geo- and heliophysical conditions in the ionosphere, the choice of heating regimes at a minimum critical frequency of the F2 ionospheric layer, analysis of the ionosphere radio sounding results and measurements of geomagnetic perturbations using ground-based facilities, study of the potential for higher efficiency and probability of artificial effects on the ionosphere, and the establishment of a correlation between geomagnetic field variations and the radio heating facility cyclogram. The experiments were carried out with a combination of new heating conditions (pulse ratio, period of action, two-frequency and continuous heating, variations in radiated power, polarization, shortwave radiation direction, etc.) in the intervals between recurrent magnetic storms. Geomagnetic field pulsations (in accordance with the cyclogram) and substorm effects were stimulated by the SURA facility against a background of quiet geophysical conditions. 相似文献
20.
V.A. Pilipenko O.M. Chugunova M.J. Engebretson 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2008,70(18):2262-2274
A search for Pc3–4 wave activity was performed using data from a trans-Antarctic profile of search-coil magnetometers extending from the auroral zone through cusp latitudes and deep into the polar cap. Pc3–4 pulsations were found to be a ubiquitous element of ULF wave activity in all these regions. The diurnal variations of Pc3 and Pc4 pulsations at different latitudes have been statistically examined using discrimination between wave packets (pulsations) and noise. Daily variations of the Pc3–4 wave power differ for the stations at the polar cap, cusp, and auroral latitudes, which suggests the occurrence of several channels of propagation of upstream wave energy to the ground: via the equatorial magnetosphere, cusp, and lobe/mantle. An additional maximum of Pc3 pulsations during early-morning hours in the polar cap has been detected. This maximum, possibly, is due to the proximity of the geomagnetic field lines at these hours to the exterior cusp. The statistical relation between the occurrence of Pc3–4 pulsations and interplanetary parameters has been examined by analyzing normalized distributions of wave occurrence probability. The dependences of the occurrence probability of Pc3–4 pulsations on the IMF and solar wind parameters are nearly the same at all latitudes, but remarkably different for the Pc3 and Pc4 bands. We conclude that the mechanisms of high-latitude Pc3 and Pc4 pulsations are different: Pc3 waves are generated in the foreshock upstream of the quasi-parallel bow shock, whereas the source of the Pc4 activity is related to magnetospheric activity. Hourly Pc3 power has been found to be strongly dependent on the season: the power ratio between the polar summer and winter seasons is 8. The effect of substantial suppression of the Pc3 amplitudes during the polar night is reasonably well explained by the features of Alfven wave transmission through the ionosphere. Spectral analysis of the daily energy of Pc3 and Pc4 pulsations in the polar cap revealed the occurrence of several periodicities. Periodic modulations with periods 26, 13 and 8–9 days are caused by similar periodicities in the solar wind and IMF parameters, whereas the 18-day periodicity, observed during the polar winter only, is caused, probably, by modulation of the ionospheric conductance by atmospheric planetary waves. The occurrence of the narrow-band Pc3 waves in the polar cap is a challenge to modelers, because so far no band-pass filtering mechanism on open field lines has been identified. 相似文献