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1.
Erol Guler Elif Cicek M. Melih Demirkan Murat Hamderi 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2012,10(3):793-811
Novel approaches to the dynamic analysis of the reinforced soil walls have been reported in the literature. Use of marginal soils reduces the cost of geosynthetic reinforced soil walls if proper drainage measures are taken. Therefore the affect of using cohesive marginal soils as backfill in geosynthetic reinforced retaining structures were investigated in this research. The dynamic response of reinforced soil walls was investigated in a similar focus, using finite element analysis. The results obtained from walls with cohesive backfill were compared to the results obtained from walls with granular backfill. The height of the wall was chosen as 6 m in the two-dimensional plane strain finite element model and the base acceleration was chosen to be a harmonic motion. The effects of various parameters like the backfill type, facing type, reinforcement stiffness, and peak ground acceleration on the cyclic response of reinforced soil retaining walls were investigated. After analyzing the wall response for end of construction and dynamic excitation phases, it was determined that the deformations and reinforcement tensile loads increased during the cyclic load application and that the amount of additional deformation that occurred during cyclic load application was strongly related to backfill soil type, facing type, reinforcement type and peak ground acceleration. It was determined that a cohesive backfill and geotextile reinforcement was a good combination to reduce the deformations of geosynthetic reinforced walls during cyclic loading for medium height walls. 相似文献
2.
利用有限元软件对加筋土挡墙在地震荷载作用下的动力特性进行模拟分析,重点分析其在不同加筋长度、加筋间距以及峰值加速度条件下的动力响应特性。通过有限元分析一个高6m、底部为基础土的加筋土挡墙在地震荷载作用下的行为,针对理想化墙体研究加筋土挡墙的某些动力特性。模拟计算结果表明加筋土挡墙的加筋长度、加筋间距以及峰值加速度的变化对其水平位移、沉降及受力有较大影响。采用长度大的加筋材料可以有效减小加筋土挡墙的水平位移,但这样将导致加筋拉伸荷载的增大,同时也将导致加筋土挡墙的隆起增大。峰值加速度的大小对加筋土挡墙的水平位移有很大影响,当峰值加速度增大时水平位移也随之增大,但并不呈线性增长关系。减小加筋间距会有效地限制加筋土挡墙面板整体的水平位移,但在一定范围内减小加筋间距也会使加筋区域内土体底部挡墙的水平位移出现相对增大的现象,因此通过减小加筋间距来限制加筋土挡墙的位移在一定程度上具有局限性。 相似文献
3.
地震时砌体结构窗间墙易发生破坏,为了提高其抗震性能,对高宽比为1的2组共4片墙体,其中:2片为双层打包带加固墙体,2片为原墙,进行了拟静力试验,研究墙体的破坏形态、水平承载力、滞回曲线和耗能等抗震性能。试验发现原墙发生剪切破坏,加固后墙体发生摇摆破坏,加固改变了墙体破坏模式,加固后墙体滞回曲线饱满但有捏笼,破坏荷载、延性和耗能能力都有提高,破坏时未发生剥离,表明双层打包带加固法有效地提高了窗间墙体抗震性能,对承受较大竖向应力墙体效果更好,建议加固时要加强加固层与窗下和窗上墙体的连接。 相似文献
4.
This paper examines in terms of seismic performance, the effectiveness of anchor reinforcement against gravity retaining walls used to stabilize a dry homogenous fill slope in earthquake-prone environment. Both analyzed stabilizing measures have the same design yield acceleration estimated from a limit equilibrium approach. The earthquake-induced displacements are calculated using a sliding block formulation of the equation of motion. Sliding failure along the base of the gravity retaining wall and rotational failure of the soil active wedge behind the wall, as well as rotational failure of the slide mass of the anchor-reinforced slope were considered in the present formulation. For the specific characteristics of the analyzed fill slope and input horizontal ground motion, the slope reinforced with anchors appears to experience vertical and horizontal seismic displacements at slope crest smaller by 12% and respectively, 32% than the vertical and horizontal earthquake-induced deformations estimated at the top of the active wedge behind the gravity retaining wall. 相似文献
5.
Lutz Hermanns Alberto Fraile Enrique Alarcón Ramón Álvarez 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2014,12(5):1977-1997
On Wednesday 11th May 2011 at 6:47 pm (local time) a magnitude 5.1 Mw earthquake occurred 6 km northeast of Lorca with a depth of around 5 km. As a consequence of the shallow depth and the small epicentral distance, important damage was produced in several masonry constructions and even led to the collapse of one of them. Pieces of the facades of several buildings fell down onto the sidewalk, being one of the reasons for the killing of a total of 9 people. The objective of this paper is to describe and analyze the failure patterns observed in reinforced concrete frame buildings with masonry infill walls ranging from 3 to 8 floors in height. Structural as well as non-structural masonry walls suffered important damage that led to redistributions of forces causing in some cases the failure of columns. The importance of the interaction between the structural frames and the infill panels is analyzed by means of non-linear Finite Element Models. The resulting load levels are compared with the member capacities and the changes of the mechanical properties during the seismic event are described and discussed. In the light of the results obtained the observed failure patterns are explained. Some comments are stated concerning the adequacy of the numerical models that are usually used during the design phase for the seismic analysis. 相似文献
6.
土工格栅加筋挡土墙是一种柔性挡土结构,目前尚未建立较严密的设计方法,作用在土工格栅加筋墙壁上的地震动土压力研究是抗震设计的重要内容之一。应用基于拉格朗日法的完全非线性动有限差分法研究整体面板式土工格栅加筋土挡壁在地震作用下各设计参数对挡壁动土压力的影响。采用弹塑性模型模拟填土,采用耦合弹性参数描述格栅与土接触界面特性,参数包括加筋间距、长度、刚度、地震强度和填土性质等,分析墙壁的动土压力沿墙身的分布特征,得出了影响地震动土压力的显著参数,证明了土工格栅加筋墙体的优异吸震能力,研究结果为整体面板式土工格栅加筋土挡墙抗震设计中的动土压力研究提供参考。 相似文献
7.
甘肃典型夯土民房承重墙体加固试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
武都是甘肃省典型夯土民房使用地区,研究其夯土民房的抗震性能对于防灾减灾具有重要意义。在试验中,使用武都当地常用土料,完全按照其施工工艺夯筑4片夯土墙体试件,利用伪静力方法研究了素土墙体与使用铁丝网加固墙体的抗剪强度。结果显示：①在竖向荷载10 kN条件下,加固墙体试件较素土墙体试件的水平开裂荷载和极限荷载分别增长了73%和38%,在竖向荷载18 kN条件下,加固墙体试件素土墙体试件的水平开裂荷载和极限荷载分别增长了76%和5%;②随着竖向荷载从10 kN增加到18 kN,素土墙体试件的水平开裂荷载与极限荷载分别增长了217%和359%,加固墙体试件的水平开裂荷载与极限荷载则增长了223%和249%;③在水平往复荷载的作用下,夯土墙体始终沿着夯土层间的水平和垂直接触裂缝产生破坏,最终碎裂成块体。 相似文献
8.
为研究主余震作用下配置高强钢筋的RC框架结构的抗震性能,根据相同设计指标和"等强代换"的原则,设计了三榀六层四跨的钢筋混凝土框架,纵向受力钢筋的强度等级分别为HRB400、HRB500和HRB600。通过OpenSees平台进行有限元建模,将最大层间位移角作为结构损伤指标,反应地震作用的结构响应。选取15条地震加速度时程,通过重复法构造人工主余震序列并进行IDA分析,得到结构在不同强度的主余震序列作用下的地震易损性曲线。结果表明:主震PGA越大,余震的最大层间位移角越大,结构达到各极限状态的概率越高。对比配置不同钢筋强度的三榀框架的计算结果,可知"等强代换"原则下,相同主余震序列作用时,钢筋强度的提高对结构抗倒塌性能有不利影响,但影响有限。 相似文献
9.
2022年1月8日门源M6.9地震造成山丹明长城局部破坏。为研究此次地震作用下夯土城墙的动力响应与破坏特征,基于地震现场考察结果,采用振幅等效处理后的记录地震波为输入地震动,开展双向地震荷载作用下夯土城墙的动力响应数值分析,研究不同位置测点的最大位移、峰值加速度与墙体应力分布特征,探讨地震导致夯土城墙破坏的主要内因。研究结果表明：双向地震荷载作用下,墙体位移和峰值加速度(PGA)随着高度的增加逐渐增加,但距墙体底部0.5 m高度范围内PGA放大效应不明显,最大位移、加速度均出现在墙体顶部裂缝位置处;水平地震荷载作用下墙体的地震动响应更为显著;墙体的最大主应力、最大剪应力均出现在有裂缝处的底端掏蚀悬空部位,墙体裂缝、夯筑搭接、掏蚀悬空处应力集中明显;裂缝对夯土城墙的地震动放大效应在一定高度范围内表现为弱化作用,但随高度增加逐渐过渡为强化作用;裂缝可显著增强墙体顶部地震动响应,可能是本次地震诱发城墙破坏的主要内因。研究成果可为古城墙遗址的加固修缮提供科学指导。 相似文献
10.
Load and resistance factor design (LRFD) approach for the design of reinforced soil walls is presented to produce designs with consistent and uniform levels of risk for the whole range of design applications. The evaluation of load and resistance factors for the reinforced soil walls based on reliability theory is presented. A first order reliability method (FORM) is used to determine appropriate ranges for the values of the load and resistance factors. Using pseudo-static limit equilibrium method, analysis is conducted to evaluate the external stability of reinforced soil walls subjected to earthquake loading. The potential failure mechanisms considered in the analysis are sliding failure, eccentricity failure of resultant force (or overturning failure) and bearing capacity failure. The proposed procedure includes the variability associated with reinforced backfill, retained backfill, foundation soil, horizontal seismic acceleration and surcharge load acting on the wall. Partial factors needed to maintain the stability against three modes of failure by targeting component reliability index of 3.0 are obtained for various values of coefficients of variation (COV) of friction angle of backfill and foundation soil, distributed dead load surcharge, cohesion of the foundation soil and horizontal seismic acceleration. A comparative study between LRFD and allowable stress design (ASD) is also presented with a design example. 相似文献
11.
进行了1榀开窗洞1:2比例的加强肋复合墙体模型的伪静力试验,通过对墙体中钢筋应变进行分析,研究墙体的受力性能和破坏模式,探究在低周反复荷载作用下带窗洞加强肋复合墙体的承载力、滞回及耗能能力、延性和刚度退化等抗震性能,并与不开洞墙体的抗震性能进行对比。在试验研究的基础上,建立具有不同窗洞参数的有限元数值模型,探究窗洞位置、大小、肋柱截面及肋柱配筋率的改变对加强肋复合墙体抗侧刚度的影响。结果表明:带窗洞加强肋复合墙体按照砌块-外框-肋梁的顺序依次破坏,破坏模式以弯剪型破坏为主;相比不开洞加强肋复合墙体,带窗洞墙体的抗侧刚度等抗震性能明显较差;相同窗洞尺寸情况下,窗洞居中时加强肋复合墙体的抗侧刚度相对较大;窗洞开洞率小于12.9%的墙体洞边可不设肋柱;洞边加强肋柱对开窗洞墙体的抗侧刚度提升作用显著,但其提升作用随着窗洞肋柱截面的增大而逐渐减弱;增大加强肋柱配筋率对墙体抗侧刚度的提高不明显。 相似文献
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13.
文章旨在研究不同剪跨比的格构式混凝土墙体抗震性能.将生产车间预制成EPS保温模块拼接成墙体模板,在横向和纵向孔洞中分别布置钢筋,然后在孔内浇筑自密实混凝土,形成“EPS新型节能”格构式混凝土墙体,然后对6个参数不同的试件进行低周反复水平荷载作用的试验.结果,墙体破坏形态为:首先墙体相邻格构柱间的连梁出现环状裂缝和“X”... 相似文献
14.
In high seismic zone regions, slender reinforced concrete structural walls are commonly used in high-rise buildings as a main lateral load resisting element. These walls are very effective in limiting the lateral drift of the building due to their large in-plane stiffness. However, the presence of floor slabs influences the behavior of the shear wall. Also, the current design requirements do not account for the presence of floor slabs. To understand the behavior of wall-slab junctions and address the shortcomings of the current design requirements, the influence of two parameters, namely(a) aspect ratio and(b) longitudinal reinforcement ratio on the behavior is studied numerically. It is observed that the presence of floor slabs at different levels tends to partition the wall into squat wall panels between two consecutive floors. The wall-slab junctions show large stress concentrations arising from the strut action in the squat panels. It is also observed that the floor slabs can get significantly damaged near the wall-slab junction for lower vertical reinforcement ratios in the wall. Thus, the current codeprescribed minimum reinforcement in shear walls is not sufficient and needs to be revisited at for improved performance. 相似文献
15.
为了研究设窗洞的蒸压加气混凝土砌块砌体承重墙的抗震性能,运用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对其进行了非线性分析。首先将有限元模型的计算结果与足尺试件的试验结果进行了对比验证,在此基础上,通过改变墙体的竖向压应力、水平配筋和开洞大小,研究了这些参数对墙体抗震性能的影响。研究表明:随着竖向压应力的增大,墙体水平承载力提高,而极限变形能力则有降低趋势;水平配筋可以提高墙体的承载力和变形性能;增大洞口水平尺寸导致极限承载力明显降低,而对其相应位移的影响则小得多。 相似文献
16.
基于有效的土-结相互作用有限元数值模拟方法,利用有限元软件ABAQUS对水平及竖向地震共同作用下双线盾构隧道的地震响应进行分析研究。地震动输入选取近场地震Loma、ChiChi、Mammoth和WoLong的基岩水平及竖向加速度时程记录。结果表明,不同近场地震记录对隧道结构的作用不同,隧道的地震反应与场地性质及地震动的频谱特性密切相关。对比隧道在水平及竖向地震动共同作用下的响应与单向水平地震动作用下的响应,发现隧道的最大地震附加内力及其分布均发生较大的变化,在隧道结构抗震设计中需引起重视。另外,分析中还考虑了在双向地震动共同作用下,隧道间距、土-结接触面的摩擦系数、土-结相对刚度、输入的地震记录和竖向地震动相对强度对隧道地震响应的影响等,研究结果对隧道工程的抗震设计具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
17.
采用水泥砂浆面层加固方法加固砌体房屋是一种简单有效的方法。对比分析了《砌体结构加固设计规范》(GB 50702-2011)[3]和《建筑抗震加固技术规程》(JGJ 116-2009)[4]中钢筋网水泥砂浆面层加固砌体墙的可靠性;对10片未加固低强度砖墙和20片单面钢筋网水泥砂浆面层加固低强度砖墙进行拟静力试验,分析了未加固和加固墙体的破坏模式和机理,并提出了适用于钢筋网水泥砂浆面层加固砌体墙的抗震验算公式。研究表明：两标准的可靠水平差别较大,实际应用时,易产生矛盾;未加固墙主要发生沿阶梯形斜裂缝受剪破坏,加固墙主要发生沿通缝受剪破坏和沿阶梯形斜裂缝受剪破坏;建议公式的计算值与试验值吻合良好,未加固墙抗震可靠指标为2.2,加固墙抗震可靠指标为2.5～3.1;砂浆面层加固砌体结构可以显著提高结构的抗震性能。 相似文献
18.
Paulo B. Lourenço João M. Leite Manuel F. Paulo‐Pereira A. Campos‐Costa P. X. Candeias Nuno Mendes 《地震工程与结构动力学》2016,45(14):2241-2260
Several factors influence the behaviour of infilled frames, which have been a subject of research in the past with moderate success. The new generation of European design standards imposes the need to prevent brittle collapse of the infills and makes the structural engineer accountable for this requirement, yet it fails to provide sufficient information for masonry infills design. Therefore, the present work aims at understanding the seismic behaviour of masonry infill walls within reinforced concrete frames, using both unreinforced and reinforced solutions (bed joint reinforcement and reinforced plaster). For this purpose, three reinforced concrete buildings with different infill solutions were constructed at a scale of 1:1.5, all with the same geometry, and were tested on the shaking table of the National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, Portugal. All solutions performed adequately for the design earthquake, with no visible damage. Still, the experimental tests show that the double‐leaf‐unreinforced infill walls underperformed during a large earthquake, collapsing out of plane by rotating as rigid bodies with multiple configurations. Also the reinforced concrete buildings collapsed, because of the adverse interaction with the infill walls. The infill walls with bed joint reinforcement and reinforced plaster did not collapse out of plane, because of their connection to the concrete frame, which is an essential requirement. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
A methodology for reliability based optimum design of reinforced soil structures subjected to horizontal and vertical sinusoidal excitation based on pseudo-dynamic approach is presented. The tensile strength of reinforcement required to maintain the stability is computed using logarithmic spiral failure mechanism. The backfill soil properties, geometric and strength properties of reinforcement are treated as random variables. Effects of parameters like soil friction angle, horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations, shear and primary wave velocities, amplification factors for seismic acceleration on the component and system probability of failures in relation to tension and pullout capacities of reinforcement have been discussed. In order to evaluate the validity of the present formulation, static and seismic reinforcement force coefficients computed by the present method are compared with those given by other authors. The importance of the shear wave velocity in the estimation of the reliability of the structure is highlighted. The Ditlevsen's bounds of system probability of failure are also computed by taking into account the correlations between three failure modes, which is evaluated using the direction cosines of the tangent planes at the most probable points of failure. 相似文献
20.
为探讨高强钢筋增强UHPC-NC组合柱抗震性能,基于大型有限元程序ABAQUS,结合UHPC、NC和高强钢筋材料本构关系,校准损伤塑性模型中相关参数,建立高强钢筋增强UHPC-NC组合柱抗震有限元模型。通过与3个NC柱和3个UHPC柱拟静力试验结果对比,验证分析模型的有效性。在此基础上,进一步探讨轴压比、纵筋直径、纵筋强度、箍筋间距和UHPC高度等敏感参数对高强钢筋增强UHPC-NC组合柱抗震性能的影响。结果表明,高强钢筋增强UHPC-NC组合柱位移延性系数随轴压比、纵筋直径和箍筋间距的增大而降低,随纵筋强度和UHPC高度的增加表现出先增大后逐渐平缓的趋势,合适的UHPC替换高度能充分发挥高强钢筋和UHPC材料特性并取得良好的经济性。 相似文献