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1.
离子吸附型稀土矿是我国南方特色的优质稀土资源,但由于落后的采矿方式和无节制的开采,大量稀土元素(稀土元素+Y,简称稀土元素)被带入环境中,导致稀土矿区周边出现许多环境污染和植被退化问题。乌毛蕨是一种对稀土元素具有较强耐受性和超强富集能力的蕨类超积累植物,能被用于稀土污染土壤或尾矿的生态修复。本研究以离子吸附型矿区表生土壤上生长的稀土超积累植物乌毛蕨及其根际土为研究对象通过化学消解和ICP-MS方法测定根际土、根表、根部、叶柄、叶片中稀土元素的含量,分析土壤–植物体系中稀土元素的空间分布、富集与分异特征;采用顺序提取法测定土壤中不同化学形态的稀土元素含量,同时利用微区X射线荧光光谱(μ-XRF)与扫描电镜能谱分析技术(SEM-EDS),阐明乌毛蕨对稀土元素的吸收与富集机理。化学测试结果表明,乌毛蕨对稀土元素有较强的富集和地上转运能力,富集系数(BF)和转移系数(TF)分别为2.61和2.85;植物器官富集能力顺序为:叶片(1750μg/g)>根部(512μg/g)>叶柄(56.5μg/g);植株整体稀土元素配分模式具有与根际土相似的富轻土元素和Ce负异常特征,不同的是,植株整... 相似文献
2.
白云鄂博矿区土壤和植物中稀土元素的分布特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
白云鄂博矿区是稀土的主要产出地,在矿山开采和选炼等过程中,稀土元素通过迁移、富集等作用进入植物体,研究稀土元素的分布特征和迁移规律,可为白云鄂博矿体闭坑后的生物修复提供数据支持。本文设置了7个土壤采样点,采集铁花、沙蒿、沙打旺、沙朋、青蒿、小叶杨、猪毛菜七种植物,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤和植物的根、茎、叶及整株的稀土含量,研究稀土元素在土壤和植物中的分布特征和迁移规律。统计分析结果表明:随着采样区与主矿区的距离增加,土壤样品中的稀土含量逐渐减少;在七种植物中,铁花的稀土含量最高,青蒿最低;对不同植物的整株稀土含量和各部位(根、茎、叶)稀土含量进行多元线性回归分析,叶(或花)的稀土含量在整珠植物中的占比最大。此外在不同季节,植物中的稀土含量基本保持不变,含量较高的稀土元素为Ce(0.0035%～0.020%)、La(0.0012%～0.011%)、Nd(0.0010%～0.0094%)和Pr(0.00036%～0.0046%),其中Ce最高。本研究提出:根据土壤样品中的稀土含量逐渐减少的特征,矿区周围土壤的稀土来源可能是矿石在采、选过程中的扩散造成的;根据植物富集稀土的能力,在矿山闭坑后,可种植富集稀土能力强的植物——铁花,进行矿山生物修复。 相似文献
3.
在赣南稀土高背景区和稀土低背景区不同地质环境脐橙果同,系统采集岩、土、脐橙植物样,用ICP-MS法测定样品中15种稀土元素的含量,并对稀土元素在岩石、土壤和脐橙植物体内的分布、迁移、累积特征进行了研究.结果表明:a.基岩的稀土元素含量影响(决定)土壤各层位的稀土元素含量;b.土壤环境中稀土元素含量高低直接影响脐橙植物体稀土元素含量,但不完全成正比;c.基岩的稀土元素配分模式基本上贯穿土壤各层位、脐橙植物体各器官;d.岩、土、脐橙三大环节稀土无素的百分含量,总的趋势是轻稀土比重逐渐增高,重稀土比重逐渐降低,但重稀土在脐橙植物体末稍器官比例有所增加;e.岩土脐橙生态系统立体刮面中,稀土元素的垂直方向运动呈向量关系;f.由于土壤-植物壁垒作用和脐橙植物体自身的选择性吸收、控制性积累功能,高、低稀土背景区脐橙果肉的稀土含量均低于国家食品卫生限量标准. 相似文献
4.
烟台市是山东半岛蓝色经济区核心城市之一,通过对山东省烟台市生态地球化学资料的系统整理,研究土壤重金属污染现状与分布迁移规律,发现土壤主要污染因子是As、Cd、Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn等重金属元素污染,工矿三废排放是土壤重金属污染的主要原因;主要致污因子砷是环境中毒性最大的有害元素之一。土壤-苹果树体系中As迁移及形态转化规律为:植物根系吸收土壤中的砷,并在根部发生了AsⅤ→AsⅢ的还原作用,由植物的根部向上迁移过程中,AsⅢ的比例逐渐降低。砷在根系土-植物体系中的分布为:根系土>根>叶子>茎>苹果。 相似文献
5.
黔西北玄武岩风化壳中的稀土矿是一个分布广泛、稀土含量较高的新类型稀土矿。本文主要通过岩相学、矿物学和地球化学的方法,系统研究了该稀土矿层的岩石组构、矿物组合及地球化学特征,探讨了该地区稀土迁移富集机理。结果显示该风化壳稀土矿层厚度大(单层厚度0.1～0.5 m,总厚度约5～15 m)。矿石中主要矿物为高岭石(60%～80%),次要矿物为蒙脱石(2%～8%)、赤铁矿(5%～20%)。稀土总量较高(144～2288×10-6),具轻稀土富集特征,并且稀土含量高的样品均为高岭石粘土岩。稀土配分模式图中显示明显负铕异常(0.22～0.85),铈异常变化较大(0.86～1.63)。综合分析认为玄武岩风化壳中的稀土元素的富集和高岭石的含量密切相关,稀土元素可能在偏还原的环境中被高岭石颗粒吸附。 相似文献
6.
为研究采矿对土壤-植被REE生物地球化学特征的影响,采集大宝山多金属矿区及背景区土壤及优势植物芒萁、马尾松叶片,测量REE含量.对比分析样品中REE分布模式、∑REE、δEu、δCe及四重效应等地球化学特征.结果表明:受采矿活动影响,矿区土壤REE含量均值达284.99 mg/kg,显著高于背景区,且表土层REE含量明显高于心土层;相对于背景区,矿区土壤和植被轻重稀土分馏更弱;研究区土壤和植被都为Eu亏损,大都为Ce富集,马尾松与土壤REE含量呈正相关,REE富集植物芒萁在背景区富集系数反而更高;矿区环境抑制植物对REE正常的迁移和分异,对植被生长不利,植被REE分布分异特征是其对生长环境的反映和适应. 相似文献
7.
典型稀土矿区周边土壤中稀土元素含量及赋存形态研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
研究不同类型稀土矿区周边土壤中稀土元素(REE)的含量与形态特征,可为矿区周边污染环境治理提供理论支持与科学建议。本文采用欧盟BCR顺序提取法、电感耦合等离子体质谱测定的方法,对内蒙古白云鄂博稀土尾矿区和江西赣南稀土矿区周边6个土壤样品中15种稀土元素进行了含量及形态分析测定。结果表明:矿区周边土壤中稀土元素总量约为264～15955μg/g,明显高于全国土壤背景值(186μg/g),白云鄂博尾矿区周边土壤富集轻稀土元素,稀土元素主要以残渣态富集,占总含量的64.0%～89.4%,生物有效性较低,对环境影响较小;赣南矿区周边土壤富集重稀土元素,稀土元素的主要存在形式是弱酸提取态和可还原态,占总含量的70%以上,易发生迁移转化及对周边环境造成污染。土壤中稀土元素的形态分布与pH值有显著相关性,随着土壤pH值的降低,稀土元素的弱酸提取态含量不断升高,残渣态含量不断降低。 相似文献
8.
摘要：运用岩石地球化学方法,对广东惠东地区离子吸附型稀土矿床的地球化学特征进行研究。结果显示,风化壳中元素含量及配分特点总体上取决于母岩,但稀土元素在继承母岩稀土元素的基础上含量进一步富集,且各风化层中元素含量变化与风化作用之间具有一定相关性。WIG指数相较于CIA指数能更有效地描述风化壳风化强度,风化壳中稀土元素迁出富集与WIG指数及元素迁移系数具有一定规律性,轻稀土元素多在全风化层上部富集,而重稀土元素在全风化层下部及半风化层明显迁入富集,Ce、Eu均具明显负异常。 相似文献
9.
大兴安岭多宝山铜成矿区植物地球化学特征及找矿意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在森林覆盖区利用植物地球化学找矿具有一定优势。对黑龙江省呼玛县多宝山铜矿区和相邻的呼玛县罕达气－白石砬子－宽河对照区进行植物地球化学找矿研究。植物样品采集以植物样方测量中常见植物为主,分别采集植物的根、茎、叶,并配套采集岩石和土壤各层位的样品,植物样品使用ICP-MS方法测试。植物中成矿元素对比和总富集系数(TEC)显示,在铜成矿区可以形成比较明显的植物地球化学异常。通过矿化岩石-土壤-植物元素相关分析和屏障系数(SC)证明,植物中元素异常与成矿作用具有成因联系。植物地球化学找矿干扰因素比较多,可利用元素在植物根、茎、叶器官内的分配特征来确定采样介质。提出利用衬度系数(CC)、组合衬度系数(CCC)、屏障系数(SC)等多指标方法选择有效指示植物,综合分析后认为白桦和胡枝子可作为多宝山铜成矿区有效指示植物。在大兴安岭森林覆盖区利用植物地球化学找矿是可行的。 相似文献
10.
采用同位素示踪技术研究了土壤-青菜生态系统中125I的生物地球化学迁移与转化机制,并运用箱式模型分析了125I的动态变化。研究结果表明,引入土壤的125I随深度而衰减,绝大部分滞留在土壤0～10cm表层内,125I的滞留量与土壤质地有关;青菜通过根部能很快吸收土壤中的125I,并可将大部分转运至地上部分,青菜各部位125I的富集系数为根>茎>叶柄>叶,嫩叶中富集的125I明显大于老叶;土壤和青菜中125I的动态分布服从指数变化方程,土壤和青菜中的碘可以相向迁移,青菜中碘的积累量即为土壤和青菜中碘迁移量的差值。 相似文献
11.
Geochemistry and biogeochemistry of rare earth elements in a surface environment (soil and plant) in South China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Li Miao Ruisong Xu Yueliang Ma Zhaoyu Zhu Jie Wang Rui Cai Yu Chen 《Environmental Geology》2008,56(2):225-235
Plants and soils derived from different kinds of parent materials in South China were collected for analyses of rare earth
elements (REEs) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The distribution patterns and transportation characteristics
of REEs in the soil–plant system were studied. The results show that geochemical characteristics of REEs depend on the types
of soils, soils derived from granite being the highest in REE concentration. In a soil profile, REE concentrations are higher
in B and C horizons than those in A horizon, with Eu negative anomaly and Ce positive anomaly. Plants of different genera
growing in the same sampling site have quite similar REE distribution pattern, but plants of the same genera growing in different
soils show considerable variation in characteristics of REEs. The patterns of the different parts of plant resemble each other,
but the slope of the patterns becomes different. REEs have fractionated when they were transported and migrated from soil
to plant root, stem and leaf, revealing that heavy REEs are relatively less available. REEs distributions in plants are influenced
by the soil they grow in and also characterized by their individual biogeochemical characteristics. Biological absorption
coefficients indicate difference of REE absorption capacity of plants.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
12.
Very few studies deal with the biogeochemical behaviors of rare earth elements (REEs) in goldfields. This paper presents the
geochemical and biogeochemical characteristics of REEs within the soil–plant system in the Hetai goldfield, Guangdong, China.
The samples from the goldfield region show anomalies in distribution patterns and behavioral characteristics of REES as compared
with those from the background areas. The REEs in rocks, soils, and plants prove to be much higher than those in the surrounding
regions. The distribution patterns of REEs are characterized by LREE-enrichment and HREE-depletion, with the REE concentrations
in Layer A being the highest. Differentiations between LREEs and HREEs may lead to some extent of negative Eu anomaly in the
soils. Research results demonstrate that the REEs in a soil profile can be transferred and accumulated during the mineral
formation and supergenic geochemical processes, and the anomalies are obviously related to the geological settings for the
REE-bearing ore-forming processes and to the geochemical characteristics of the habitats for the REE-bearing plants. For Dicranopteris dichotoma, the total amount of REEs in the tissues shows an order of leaf > root > stem, while for Pinus massoniana the order becomes root > leaf > stem. The distribution patterns of REEs in Pinus massoniana leaves are similar to those in soils where the plants grow up in the mineralization area. However, in the background areas
the REE distribution patterns for Pinus massoniana stems are similar to those for soils where the plants grow up. Parameters such as biological absorption coefficients and
biological transfer coefficients show the differences in REE absorption features among plants and indicate that REEs can be
transferred among plant organs. The two coefficients can reveal the different survival mechanisms for the two plant species,
which are subject to long-term REE-affected stress conditions in the gold mineralization zone. 相似文献
13.
Khadija Semhi Osman A. E. Abdalla Salah Al Khirbash Tabisam Khan Salim Asaidi Sardar Farooq 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2009,2(2):143-150
Groundwater samples from six wells and various species of plants from soils developed on ophiolites were collected from an arid area (AlKhod area, Oman) and analyzed for trace elements including rare earth elements (REEs). The distribution patterns of REEs in plants indicated an enrichment in middle REEs (MREEs?=?Sm to Dy) and heavy REEs (HREEs?=?Ho to Lu), when they are normalized to the REE composition of the Post Archean Australian Shale (PAAS), with a significant negative anomaly in Ce and a positive anomaly in Eu. Compared to Oman ophiolites, the REEs in different species of plants are depleted in Ce and enriched in MREEs and slightly enriched in light REE (LREE?=?from La to Nd). Relative to PAAS, the distribution of REEs in groundwaters revealed similar patterns to the REE distribution in plants. The distribution patterns of REEs in plants relative to those in waters are nearly flat. These patterns suggest that the transfer of REEs from soil solutions to the groundwaters in Oman occurs without any significant fractionation. 相似文献
14.
Joo Sung Ahn Seung-Jun Youm Yong-Chan Cho Seong-Cheon Shin Wan-Hyoung Cho 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(6):2153-2161
Because of the risk of diminishing supplies of rare earth elements (REEs) worldwide due to China’s dominance over REE supply, the necessity of developing domestic resources of REE has been realized in other countries. To explore new ore bodies, a geochemical survey was conducted at one existing carbonatite REE deposit in the Hongcheon area of Korea. Proper sampling strategies and baseline data for the interpretation of the results were determined through a pilot study conducted in the area. Enrichment in the concentration of light REE (LREE) over that of heavy REE, which is typical in carbonatite-type deposits, was observed in stream sediments and heavy mineral samples collected during the geochemical survey. Maximum concentrations of LREE were 2,299 and 27,798 mg/kg for stream sediments and heavy minerals, respectively. Among LREEs, La and Ce are the dominant components of all REEs, comprising approximately 68 % of mean concentrations. Considering the distribution pattern of La + Ce contents and the associations with the existing outcropping ore bodies, the zone of prospective REE mineralization was determined to be in the south-western part of the area. A detailed follow-up soil survey of the zone found even higher concentrations of La and Ce (2,450 and 3,100 mg/kg, respectively), and suggested the possible extension of the existing ore bodies. Likewise, a systematic geochemical survey for REE is feasible for locating concealed ore bodies in the area, where the mineralization is mostly covered with soil, and rock outcrops are scarce. 相似文献
15.
Chunying Chang Fangbai Li Chengshuai Liu Jianfeng Gao Hui Tong Manjia Chen 《中国地球化学学报》2016,35(4):329-339
Soil secondary minerals are important scavengers of rare earth elements (REEs) in soils and thus affect geochemical behavior and occurrence of REEs. The fractionation of REEs is a common geochemical phenomenon in soils but has received little attention, especially fractionation induced by secondary minerals. In this study, REEs (La to Lu and Y) associated with soil-abundant secondary minerals Fe-, Al-, and Mn-oxides in 196 soil samples were investigated to explore the fractionation and anomalies of REEs related to the minerals. The results show right-inclined chondrite-normalized REE patterns for La–Lu in soils subjected to total soil digestion and partial soil extraction. Light REEs (LREEs) enrichment features were negatively correlated with a Eu anomaly and positively correlated with a Ce anomaly. The fractionation between LREEs and heavy REEs (HREEs) was attributed to the high adsorption affinity of LREEs to secondary minerals and the preferred activation/leaching of HREEs. The substantial fractions of REEs in soils extracted by oxalate and Dithionite-Citrate-Bicarbonate buffer solutions were labile (10 %–30 %), which were similar to the mass fraction of Fe (10 %–20 %). Furthermore, Eu was found to be more mobile than the other REEs in the soils, whereas Ce was less mobile. These results add to our understanding of the distribution and geochemical behavior of REEs in soils, and also help to deduce the conditions of soil formation from REE fractionation. 相似文献
16.
应用中子活化分析方法，测定了晋北两层中高硫煤中稀土元素的含量。通过对稀土元素的分布模式，相关分析和聚类分析的研究，得出如下认识；成煤环境对稀土元素的含量具有控制作用。但中高硫煤中稀土元素总量会受到沉积期后酸性溶液下渗淋滤作用的影响；同一煤层中各分层的稀土元素应具有基本相同的分布模式，异常的稀土元素分布模式指示了沉积期后地质作用的影响；煤中稀土元素的主要赋存状态为无机相，主要来源为陆源碎屑矿物；煤中与稀土伴生的有害元素有V，P，Mo,Cr,Cu,Mo,Th和Cd等，在加工洗选过程中有洁净潜势。 相似文献
17.
系统探讨了黔中小流域水体悬浮物和沉积物中微量及稀土元素地球化学特征。结果表明,元素含量在河流与湖泊、悬浮物与沉积物之间均存在明显差异。稀土元素北美页岩标准化分布模式大致为轻稀土相对富集的平坦模式,δEu为0.82～1.25,δCe为0.79～1.25,整体变化不大,均表现为弱异常。麦翁河稀土总量与分布模式均发生异常,主要受上游盘龙煤矿影响。悬浮物的∑REE与pH呈反相关关系,而沉积物的∑REE却与pH表现出正相关关系,表明悬浮物与沉积物中稀土元素行为的控制因素不同。元素相关分析、因子分析及微量元素图解均表明悬浮物与沉积物中的元素具有同源性,主要来源于流域岩石化学风化和土壤物理侵蚀的产物,而某些金属元素Zn、Co、Cu、Cr、Ni则来源于周边工矿企业、农业生产等人为排放。本研究丰富和发展了喀斯特地区水体元素地球化学,揭示了小流域化学风化与物理侵蚀过程中的元素特征和物质输送状况,并为该流域的生态环境现状、治理及管理提供了科学依据和基础资料。 相似文献
18.
Geochemistry and origin of rare earth elements (REEs) in the Shengli River oil shale, northern Tibet, China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Xiugen Fu Jian Wang Yuhong Zeng Fuwen Tan Jianglin He 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2011,(1):21-30
The Shengli River-Changshe Mountain oil shale zone, located in the North Qiangtang depression, northern Tibet plateau, represents a potentially large marine oil shale resource in China. Twenty-eight samples including oil shale, micritic limestone and marl were collected from the Shengli River area to determine the contents and distribution patterns of rare earth elements (REEs) in marine oil shale. Oil shale samples from the Shengli River area have high ash yield (61.86–67.48%) and TOC content (8.02–13.67%) with low total sulfur (St,d) content (0.76–1.39%) and intermediate shale oil content (3.60–16.30%). The total rare earth element (ΣREE) content in oil shale samples is notably depleted (46.79–67.90 μg/g), approximately one third of the mean value of the North American Shale Composite (NASC), and lower than that of world-wide black shales and Chinese coals, but higher than that of world-wide coals and micritic limestone samples (29.21 μg/g) from the Shengli River area. The oil shale samples from the Shengli River area exhibit shale-like Chondrite or NASC-normalized REE patterns similar to those of micritic limestone and marl samples from this area, indicating that REEs of these different lithological samples may have been derived from a similar terrigenous source.REE contents of oil shale samples are highly positive correlated with ash yield and show a positive correlation with Fe and a weakly positive correlation with organic sulfur, and the vertical variations of REEs mainly follow those of Si, Al, K and Ti. All these facts indicate that the REE contents in oil shale seams are mainly controlled by clay minerals and, to a lesser extent, by pyrite, as well as partly associated with oil shale organic constituents. Rare earth elements in the Shengli River oil shale have originated from two sources: a felsic volcanic rock source and a clastic or/and limestone source. 相似文献
19.
Wenfeng Wang Yong Qin Shuxun Sang Yanming Zhu Chaoyong Wang Dominik J. Weiss 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2008,76(4):309-317
Twenty-six samples including roof, bottom and coal plies of a marine influenced coal bed were collected from the Antaibao mining district, Shanxi, China. The rare earth elements (REEs) were determined in solids and organic solvent extracts. The distribution pattern showed three distinct patterns: shale-like, LREE-rich and HREE-rich. This is attributed to the variable microenvironment of peat-forming swamp, the degree of marine influences and different REE sources. REEs in the coal are mainly controlled by detrital minerals but also affected by seawater. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the organic solvent extracts are distinctly different from those of corresponding original coal samples, which show a negative Eu anomaly, a depletion of middle REEs and an enrichment of HREEs. The LREEs in coal extracts are likely adsorbed by hydrogen-containing functional groups, and HREEs are likely bonded to carbon atoms. 相似文献
20.
淄博煤田煤的稀土元素地球化学特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP—MS）对淄博煤田煤（35个样品,其中12个顶底板样品及1个夹矸样品）的稀土元素进行测试,并测定了灰分及相关的伴生元素含量。全面分析了稀土元素、地球化学参数、空间分布规律及分布模式,探讨了淄博煤田石炭—二叠纪煤中稀土元素的特征及来源。研究表明:与国内外其他地区相比,淄博地区煤中稀土元素相对富集;太原组煤中的稀土元素高于山西组,在同一煤层中自顶部到底部呈现增高趋势,并在顶底板和夹矸中明显富集;Eu存在明显的负异常,而Ce值基本正常,表明成煤环境可能为浅海或封闭海域,不同煤层稀土元素分布模式基本一致,稀土元素与灰分正相关,与反映陆源的元素相关性较好,而与反映海相的元素相关性较差。 相似文献