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1.
黄河三角洲浅海滩涂湿地鸟类多样性调查研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1996－1998年，1997－1999年分别对黄河三角洲及其湿地鸟类多样性进行了全面调查，分析了浅海滩涂湿地鸟类种群组成，区系组成，季节居留型，研究了鸟类多样性及其特点，确定了鸟类多样性分布中心，提出了加强鸟类多样性保护的建议。 相似文献
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黄河三角洲湿地生物多样性及其保护 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
黄河三角洲湿地是典型的滨海河口湿地,重要的鸟类栖息地、繁殖地和中转站,具有典型的原生性、脆弱性,稀有性等特征,其生物资源丰富,有各种野生动物1 543种,种子植物393种,鸟类283种,其中属国家一级重点保护鸟类有9种,属国家二级重点保护鸟类有41种.该湿地的研究和保护,可以为生物多样性保护,特别是鸟类保护提供巨大支持.黄河三角洲自然保护区的建设为湿地及其生物多样性的保护和可持续利用创造了良好的条件和平台.近年来的调查发现,三角洲区域油田开发对湿地的影响正在逐步减少,自然保护区管理局先后实施的一系列工程,使生态环境得到明显改善,区内鸟类种类和数量明显增加,黄河三角洲在湿地生物多样性保护中的地位和作用也在进一步加强. 相似文献
3.
厦门滨海湿地冬季鸟类群落多样性研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
1999年12月~2000年2月对厦门滨海湿地12个样区冬季鸟类的种类和数量进行调查。并选取调查地的7个参数定量分析滨海湿地鸟类群落多样性的主要影响因子。结果显示,厦门冬季滨海湿地鸟类共有15科45种。其中,风头潜鸭(Aythya fuligula)、红嘴鸥(Larus ridibundus)、黑腹滨鹬(Calidris alpina)和白鹭(Egretta garzetta)为优势种,其数量之和占总数量的76%。白鹭为厦门湿地的广布种,在12个样区均有分布。厦门冬季湿地鸟类群落的相似性与其滩涂底质的相似性之间存在一定的相关。湿地鸟类群落多样性的主要影响因素包括湿地周边建筑物、交通干扰、人工水产养殖场和周边陆地植被覆盖状况等。湿地鸟类的种群密度则受水域含盐量、交通干扰的显著影响。 相似文献
4.
2016年9月至2017年4月,采用样线法和可变大小样方法相结合,对七里海潟湖湿地非繁殖期鸟类进行了调查研究。调查共记录到鸟类13目27科60种,其中雀形目鸟类10科14种,占物种总数量的23. 33%;非雀形目鸟类17科46种,占物种总数量的76. 67%。湿地水鸟数量占全部鸟类总数量的95. 11%,水鸟类群主要为鸥类、雁鸭类、鸻鹬类和鹭类。鸟类居留类型主要为旅鸟和夏候鸟,分别占物种总数量的35. 00%和33. 33%。鸟类区系方面,以古北界鸟类和广布种鸟类为主,分别占物种总数量的63. 33%和26. 67%。经统计,鸟类多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数的平均值分别是1. 86、0. 39和2. 31。七里海潟湖湿地位于东亚—澳大利西亚迁徙路线上,是重要的鸟类迁徙停歇地和觅食地,鸟类尤其是水鸟资源丰富,应当受到关注和保护。 相似文献
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为保护大连市滨海湿地重要生境及其鸟类多样性,文章于2016年8月至2017年10月,选取大连市海岛村和青云河口等9个滨海湿地,采用多种方法和设备,对鸟类开展定点周年连续调查,建立大连市滨海湿地鸟类名录,并分析其种类和时空分布等特征。调查结果表明:大连市滨海湿地鸟类有76种,隶属10目17科,其中鸻形目种类最多,旅鸟和夏候鸟种类最多;春、秋季的种类和数量较多,庄河口的种类和数量均为最多;优势种包括红嘴鸥(Chroicocephalus ridibundus)等3种,常见种包括环颈鸻(Charadrius alexandrinus)等15种,其余为稀有种;由于调查的方式、环境和设备等条件的差异,本次调查与1987年调查相比在种类上有所不同;滨海湿地鸟类的种类和时空分布与大连市的气候条件和地理位置有关;为保护黄嘴白鹭(Egretta eulophotes)和黑脸琵鹭(Pla-talea minor)等全球濒危和极危鸟类的繁殖和栖息空间,应加强对庄河口等滨海湿地的重点保护。 相似文献
6.
胶州湾滨海湿地的水禽多样性特征及保护 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在利用相对数量法进行水禽种群调查基础上,研究胶州湾滨海湿地水禽区系的构成及多样性特征.研究区共有水禽9目20科140种,区系的地理成分以古北界鸟类占绝对优势,季节型成分以冬候鸟和旅鸟为主,生活型成分以涉禽为主;在不同季节研究区水禽的优势种群不同,夏季鸥科和鹭科为优势种群,春、秋季鴴科、鹬科、鹭科为优势种群,冬季雁鸭类、鸥科为优势种群.与青岛市陆禽、鸣禽、猛禽、攀禽等鸟类相比,胶州湾滨海湿地水禽的多样性指数、均匀度指数最高,说明胶州湾滨海湿地对青岛市鸟类多样性保护非常重要,生境破坏是当前水禽多样性保护面临的主要问题,提出了水禽生境保护的对策. 相似文献
7.
海岸湿地退化对胶州湾渔业和生物多样性保护的影响 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
文章简要分析了胶州湾海岸湿地退化过程以及海岸湿地退化对渔业生产和生物多样性保护的影响。近40～50a来由于围垦、滩涂养殖、污染、城市化、填海造陆、河流断流、海面上升等原因,胶州湾海岸湿地呈现严重的退化趋势,表现为各类湿地面积不断萎缩,潮上带湿地植被退化和景观分维数下降,潮间带湿地底质和潮下带湿地水质不断恶化等。认为海岸湿地退化导致胶州湾海洋渔业资源严重衰退和生物多样性受损,并且对珍稀鸟类保护有不利影响。 相似文献
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9.
江苏近海海域是具有数十年历史的鸟类学研究地区,对于海洋性鸟类繁殖、保护以及江苏省鸟类名录的修订具有重要地位。本研究首次系统调查、整理了近40年间江苏近海海域鸟类多样性,分析了鸟类多样性的群落结构及与风电、养殖的关系特征。通过对连云港、盐城和南通近海海域以及少数离岸岛屿4个季度的野外调查,共计发现鸟类69种2 393只,隶属于11目27科。其中,雀形目和鸻形目是近海海域鸟类的重要组成类群,鹱形目、鲣鸟目和潜鸟目在江苏近海海域稳定存在。本研究将江苏近海海域记录鸟类丰富至182种。2020年调查发现的鸟类物种占总记录鸟种数的37.91%,首次记录到的鸟种有27种。Pearson相关性检验显示风电建设与鸟类多样性在距离尺度上呈现显著的正相关关系,筏式养殖与鸟类多样性在距离尺度上呈现显著的负相关关系。表明江苏近海海域鸟类对风电场具有明显的规避倾向,而对筏式养殖区域具有明显的依赖倾向。针对当前江苏近海海域生物多样性保护水平较低、人为干扰严峻的背景下,本文研提了基于生物多样性保护的政策建议,为近海海域空间优化和保护地体系制定提供参考。 相似文献
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为了解芙蓉岛鸟类生态类群和多样性,本文以2019年9月芙蓉岛鸟类调查数据为基础,利用样点法对芙蓉岛鸟类的种类、生态类群、区系、居留型和鸟类多样性等进行了研究。结果表明：本次调查共记录鸟类5目15科31种,其中国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类7种,列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约及有效决议汇编》附录Ⅲ中的鸟类1种。从生态类群构成上：鸣禽19种,猛禽7种,涉禽4种,陆禽1种;从鸟类地理区系构成上：广布种23种,古北种7种,东洋界1种;从居留类型构成上：冬候鸟5种,留鸟3种,旅鸟17种,夏候鸟、冬候鸟和旅鸟混合类型6种。鸟类群落多样性指数（H’）为3.83,均匀度指数（J）为0.77。芙蓉岛鸟类优势种为红嘴鸥（Larus ridibundus）、家燕（Hirundo rustica）和树麻雀（Passer montanus）。本文对芙蓉岛鸟类生物多样性进行了报道,对芙蓉岛鸟类资源的本底调查以及该区域鸟类生物多样性保护具有重要意义。 相似文献
11.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3-4):713-717
The Ilha dos Tigres of Angola is the only sandy island off the coast of the 2 000km-long Namib Desert and it remains the least known coastal wetland on a desert coast rich in shorebirds. Two surveys of the Baia dos Tigres region in 1999 and 2001 indicated a rich wetland bird diversity consisting of 25 species, with a total of 11 000 birds, at a density of 33 birds km?1 of beach. We established breeding by three species of seabirds — two cormorants and the great white pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus — and confirmed northward range extensions for two of these species. The region supports seven regionally threatened Red Data birds. Several threatened marine turtles occur at the nearby Cunene River mouth, and given the possibility that turtles and other Red Data birds may breed at Ilha dos Tigres, it is recommended that it should become an integral part of the Iona National Park on the adjacent mainland. 相似文献
12.
Yinying Huang Yingying Huang Xinglin Du Yiming Li Jiangtao Tian Qiang Chen Youhui Huang Weiwei Lv Ying Yang Zhiquan Liu Yunlong Zhao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(11):96-107
An ecological optimization project (semi-closed reclamation project) was implemented to control the invasion of Spartina alterniflora, and optimize the habitat of the Chongming Dongtan wetland, in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary. After project implementation, a macrobenthic ecological survey was conducted in a natural tidal flat and a semi-closed reclamation restoration area within the Chongming Dongtan wetland from 2019 to 2020. Compared with historical data before reclamation, findings showed that the groups, numbers, and species diversity of the macrobenthos increased significantly, and the ecological optimization project resulted in good ecological benefits. In addition, compared to the natural tidal flat, the number of collected macrobenthic phyla, and the macrobenthic density and biomass were significantly lower in the restoration area. Furthermore, the biodiversity index and functional redundancy of natural tidal flats were generally higher, indicating that the community composition and function of natural tidal flats were relatively more stable. Even though the species composition differed between a number of restoration areas and natural tidal flats, there was no difference in functional diversity, indicating that the effect of restoring ecological functions in restoration areas was optimal. Among them, the biodiversity and functional redundancy of Site S2 were significantly reduced, and the ecosystem function was extremely unstable. Habitat heterogeneity, vegetation community and decreasing salinity were the main factors that affected the ecological functions of macrobenthos. The ecological quality was also evaluated; the Transects N3 and N4 showed good quality. The overall ecological quality of the restoration area was generally high, but that of Site S2 was poor and that of Site S2E was merely good, which was mainly due to modifications of the ecological function of macrobenthos. It is suggested that reeds mowing and freshwater species release should be adopted in restoration areas to improve the community function and the environmental disturbance resistance of the macrobenthos. 相似文献
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Patterns of waterbird community composition across a natural and restored wetland landscape mosaic,Yellow River Delta,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Donglai Li Sihang Chen Lei Guan Huw Lloyd Yueliang Liu Juanzhang Lv Zhengwang Zhang 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
Habitat restoration can help mitigate the extensive loss and degradation of estuarine and coastal wetlands that have consequently eroded the integrity of many migratory flyways and wintering habitat for waterbird populations. Assessing the impact of restoration strategies however relies on empirical data on waterbird community distribution patterns across natural and restored wetland components. We conducted habitat and waterbird surveys across six natural and restored wetland regions in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve (YRDNR), eastern China, between 2007 and 2009. We recorded 93 waterbird species, including populations of 21 global conservation importance species. Community composition was stratified into distinctive clusters with compositional structure changing across these natural, modified and restored wetland components. NMDS ordination revealed that waterbird communities in restored wetlands were significantly different from those in natural and modified wetland components. Community distribution patterns were strongly influenced by environmental gradients (most noticeably salinity), water-level regulation, vegetation composition and differences in protected status. We found marked temporal patterns in waterbird community composition, which may be predictable for the different wetland components across the YRDNR landscape. Our study highlights the conservation benefits of restoring smaller wetland components in improving the ecological integrity of the wider wetland landscape mosaic for waterbird populations. A more coherent and intensive landscape management of water-level regulation and restoration of salinity gradients will be fundamental for wetland and waterbird conservation throughout the YRDNR. 相似文献
14.
Cardoni DA Isacch JP Fanjul ME Escapa M Iribarne OO 《Marine environmental research》2011,71(2):122-130
One of the main effects of urbanization on coastal areas is through the discharge of sewage, which increases nutrient concentrations in the receiving environment. Salt marshes, like other coastal marine environments, are limited by nutrients, mainly nitrogen, and thus increasing nutrient loadings to a marsh may have consequences on marsh characteristics. We evaluated how the effects of nutrient enrichment in the form of sewage input, affected the vegetation structure and bird assemblages in a Spartina alterniflora salt marsh system near Bahía Blanca, Argentina (39° 01' S - 56° 25' W). Surveys of nutrient concentration, vegetation and birds were made at three different distances from the sewage discharge source. The concentration of ammonium, phosphate, and nitrate and the percent organic matter was higher in marshes nearest to the sewage discharge source. Bird composition and abundance, and vegetation physiognomy changed along a gradient of nutrient concentration. The increased habitat complexity found near the areas of higher nutrient concentration was exploited by birds that use neighboring interior and coastal habitats, including Spartina densiflora marshes, freshwater marshes and upland shrubby habitats. Our results show that local increases of nutrient inputs directly changed the vegetation physiognomy, and indirectly the composition and abundance of bird assemblages. 相似文献
15.
滨海湿地是雁鸭类的重要栖息地,然而高强度的海岸圈围工程对滨海湿地生态系统和鸟类栖息地造成了显著影响,因此分析和研究海岸圈围对雁鸭类种群及栖息地的影响,对水鸟保护和滨海湿地资源可持续利用具有重要的理论和实践意义。位于长江口的横沙东滩,于2003年启动了海岸圈围促淤工程,工程的实施导致湿地生境和水鸟种群都发生着快速变化。本研究分别对2013、2015、2016和2017年,横沙东滩雁鸭类种群和生境因子的时空变化进行了调查与分析,通过拟合回归分析了两者的相关关系,探讨海岸圈围后生境的快速变化对雁鸭类种群产生的影响,从而提出海岸带圈围后水鸟栖息地的保护与管理对策。结果表明:1)海岸圈围工程的实施显著改变了滨海湿地的水鸟生境及种群特征。随着工程的推进,自然潮滩的盐沼湿地呈动态变化趋势;促淤区则随着泥沙的补给,新生了大面积的沼泽湿地;成陆区逐渐向淡水生态系统演替。伴随着生境的变化,雁鸭类种群逐渐从成陆区和自然潮滩向促淤区转移。2)不同生境类型影响雁鸭类种群数量特征的生境因子不同。未实施圈围的自然潮滩影响雁鸭类数量的主要因素是海三棱藨草/藨草群落面积;正在实施圈围的促淤区的主要影响因素是挺水植物面积、植被归一化指数(NDVI)和无植被覆盖水域面积;已圈围的成陆区主要影响因素为沉水植物面积。综上,雁鸭类偏向选择具有开阔水域、充足食物供给和相对较低植被盖度的生境类型。对于海岸圈围区域,若能合理利用圈围土地,保留部分区域为湿地,并根据水鸟的生境需求,适当营造水鸟适宜的栖息地,可在一定程度上减缓圈围工程对水鸟的影响,实现滨海湿地水鸟栖息地保护和湿地资源可持续利用的动态平衡。 相似文献
16.
浙江省滨海湿地生态结构与经济功能分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对浙江省滨海湿地的自然生态环境特征、功能结构和人文景观分布特色进行了综述 ,剖析了浙江省滨海湿地的开发现状和存在的问题 ,并对建设自然保护区 ,实现深度开发和生态保护并重 ,科学地用好滨海湿地这一宝贵资源进行了探讨 相似文献