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1.
松辽盆地南部乾安油田青山口组含片钠铝石砂岩的成岩作用 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
松辽盆地南部乾安油田青山口组发育大量含片钠铝石砂岩.通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、茜素红-S染色和X-射线衍射分析等,对含片钠铝石砂岩的骨架碎屑成分、胶结物与自生矿物、成岩共生序列和流体演化等进行了系统研究.结果表明:松辽盆地南部乾安油田含片钠铝石砂岩的粒度为粉砂、微粒-细粒,分选中-好,岩石类型为微粒含片钠铝石长石砂岩、微粒含片钠铝石岩屑长石砂岩.胶结物与自生矿物主要为片钠铝石、铁白云石、方解石、次生加大石英、自生粘土矿物(高岭石及伊利石).片钠铝石一部分以放射状、束状和板状等产出,另一部分呈凝块状大面积地连片出现,尤为特殊.成岩共生序列依次为方解石-自生高岭石、次生加大石英-伊利石-片钠铝石、铁白云石.CO2注入前形成的自生矿物组合主要为多期方解石组合,高岭石、次生加大石英组合;CO2注入之后形成了片钠铝石和铁白云石组合.流体演化过程为碱性流体环境-酸性流体环境-酸性流体向碱性流体过渡或偏碱性流体环境-碱性流体环境. 相似文献
2.
广西隆华铝土矿的矿物学特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
广西隆华铝土矿是一水硬铝石型铝土矿，该矿的矿物组成主要为硬水铝石，其次有三水铝石、软水铝石、高岭石、伊利石、鲕绿泥石、锐钛矿、金红石、铝赤铁矿及锂硬锰矿等。硬水矿石中主要元素为铝，且分布较均匀，适应于高压拜耳法溶矿。本矿床的底泥中发现有一未知矿物，经X射线衍射分析及格林—凯利(Greene-Kelly,1953)方法鉴别，该矿物为贝得石；经蒙脱石-贝得石系列的蒙脱石群定量法（Jones,1964)测定，该矿物的含量为15.45%。 相似文献
3.
"泰顺石"是产于浙江省温州市泰顺县龟湖镇的一种叶蜡石型雕刻石,占据着一定的市场份额."泰顺石"中叶蜡石根据成因可分为热液交代型和热液充填型两类.目前,关于"泰顺石"的形成过程及环境、温压条件等的认识仍然较为缺乏,尤其对于"泰顺石"形成的蚀变演化过程仍然存在着较大的争议.本文利用偏光显微镜、X射线粉晶衍射仪、激光拉曼光谱仪、X射线荧光光谱仪等对其矿物学特征进行研究,并分析其形成环境以及成矿过程.结果表明,"泰顺石"以高硅叶蜡石型和高铝叶蜡石型为主,主要矿物组成为叶蜡石,并含有少量的石英、硬水铝石、高岭石、伊利石、赤铁矿、刚玉等.热液交代型叶蜡石表现为叶蜡石交代围岩中长石和硬水铝石形成交代残余结构和交代假象结构,热液充填型叶蜡石表现为叶蜡石在成矿后期充填于裂隙中,硬水铝石和刚玉为叶蜡石形成过程中共生矿物,在"泰顺石"中分别表现为石钉和蓝钉."泰顺石"的矿物组合直接或间接记录了成矿过程中热液交代流纹质晶屑凝灰岩的围岩蚀变过程,如叶蜡石化、硬水铝石化等,红色"泰顺石"样品中赤铁矿的存在可能指示了成矿后期向氧化环境发生了转变,这些矿物组合特征指示了"泰顺石"可能形成于300～410(±10)℃的中温环境. 相似文献
4.
海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷含片钠铝石沉凝灰岩的成岩作用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷大磨拐河组—伊敏组的含片钠铝石火山碎屑岩为研究对象,采用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜及配套能谱、茜素红-S染色、阴极发光和X-射线衍射分析等技术手段,对研究样品的岩石类型、自生矿物种类及共生序列进行了详细研究.贝尔凹陷发育片钠铝石的宿主岩石类型为沉凝灰岩,自生矿物以发育片钠铝石、铁白云石和菱铁矿三种碳酸盐矿物为主,片钠铝石含量高达25％.成岩共生序列为菱铁矿Ⅰ→高岭石、石英次生加大→片钠铝石→微晶石英→方解石→铁白云石→菱铁矿Ⅱ→沥青.不同于国内外其它地区发现片钠铝石的主要产状为充填孔隙,本区内发育的片钠铝石以交代长石、石英、岩屑颗粒和高岭石基质为赋存特征,表明沉凝灰岩中的长石、岩屑、高岭石基质可以为其提供金属离子物质来源,并在CO2参与下,与成岩流体反应生成片钠铝石.大量碳酸盐矿物(15-44％)的发育证明了火山碎屑岩具有较高的CO2矿物捕获能力. 相似文献
5.
以海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷大磨拐河组-伊敏组的含片钠铝石火山碎屑岩为研究对象,采用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜及配套能谱、茜素红 S染色、阴极发光和X 射线衍射分析等技术手段,对研究样品的岩石类型、自生矿物种类及共生序列进行了详细研究。贝尔凹陷发育片钠铝石的宿主岩石类型为沉凝灰岩,自生矿物以发育片钠铝石、铁白云石和菱铁矿三种碳酸盐矿物为主,片钠铝石含量高达25%。成岩共生序列为菱铁矿Ⅰ→高岭石、石英次生加大→片钠铝石→微晶石英→方解石→铁白云石→菱铁矿Ⅱ→沥青。不同于国内外其它地区发现片钠铝石的主要产状为充填孔隙,本区内发育的片钠铝石以交代长石、石英、岩屑颗粒和高岭石基质为赋存特征,表明沉凝灰岩中的长石、岩屑、高岭石基质可以为其提供金属离子物质来源,并在CO2参与下,与成岩流体反应生成片钠铝石。大量碳酸盐矿物（15-44%）的发育证明了火山碎屑岩具有较高的CO2矿物捕获能力。 相似文献
6.
松辽盆地红岗油田白垩系青山口组含片钠铝石砂岩自生矿物共生序列 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
松辽盆地红岗油田白垩系青山口组发育含片钠铝石砂岩。通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、阴极发光
仪、Ｘ射线衍射等多种技术手段,对含片钠铝石砂岩的碎屑成分、胶结物类型及自生矿物共生序列等特征进行
了研究。该区含片钠铝石砂岩为岩屑长石砂岩及长石岩屑砂岩,胶结物有次生加大长石、次生加大石英、自生
石英微晶、黏土矿物、片钠铝石、方解石、铁方解石及铁白云石。方解石的形成分为两期,第１期方解石为原
始生物碎屑颗粒溶蚀溶解的产物,第２期方解石可能与ＣＯ２ 充注后钙长石及早期碳酸盐矿物的溶蚀溶解有关。
含片钠铝石砂岩的自生矿物共生序列为：次生加大长石、早期次生加大石英-自生石英微晶-早期高岭石、第１
期方解石、片钠铝石-晚期次生加大石英-晚期高岭石、第２期方解石、铁方解石、铁白云石。其中ＣＯ２ 注入
后的矿物共生组合为：片钠铝石-晚期次生加大石英-晚期高岭石、第２期方解石、铁方解石、铁白云石。 相似文献
7.
鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘准格尔煤田煤中超常富集勃姆石的发现 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
运用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、带能谱仪的扫描电镜(SEM-EDX)和光学显微镜等技术,首次在鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘准格尔矿区6号巨厚煤层中发现了超常富集的勃姆石及其特殊的矿物组合,勃姆石含量可高达13.1%,与勃姆石伴生的矿物有磷锶铝石、锆石、金红石、菱铁矿、方铅矿、硒铅矿和硒方铅矿。重矿物的组合特征与华北地区本溪组铝土矿中的重矿物组合特征相似,高含量的勃姆石主要来源于聚煤盆地北偏东方向本溪组风化壳铝土矿,三水铝石以胶体溶液的形式从铝土矿中被短距离带入泥炭沼泽中,在泥炭聚积阶段和成岩作用早期经压实作用脱水凝聚而形成勃姆石。 相似文献
8.
海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷南屯组与松辽盆地孤店CO2气田泉头组发育大量含片钠铝石砂岩.通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、茜素红-S染色、X射线衍射、电子探针与INCA能谱分析等,对含片钠铝石砂岩的骨架碎屑组分、胶结物与自生矿物、成岩共生序列等岩石学特征进行了系统研究.研究表明,含片钠铝石砂岩的岩石类型为长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩,粒度以细粒、细-中粒为主,分选差-中等.砂岩中胶结物主要为次生加大石英、自生石英、片钠铝石、铁白云石和牯土矿物.其中,片钠铝石最高可达砂岩总体积的22%,在砂岩中或以放射状、束状、菊花状、杂乱毛发状、毛球状、板状等集合体充填孔隙,或呈束状和板状交代长石和岩屑.电子探针与INCA能谱综合分析表明,片钠铝石主要由Na、AI、O、C等组成.在含片钠铝石砂岩中,成岩共生序列依次为牯土矿物包壳-次生加大石英、自生石英、自生高岭石-油气充注-CO2充注-片钠铝石-铁白云石.其中,CO2注入前形成的自生矿物组合主要为次生加大石英、自生石英和自生高岭石,C02注入后形成的自生矿物组合主要为片钠铝石和铁白云石. 相似文献
9.
蒙古国塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷铜钵庙组火山碎屑岩中片钠铝石胶结物的成因 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷铜钵庙组火山碎屑岩中发育大量的片钠铝石自生矿物。通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜及X射线衍射分析等,查明了火山碎屑岩中的胶结物与自生矿物类型和成岩共生序列。含片钠铝石火山碎屑岩的成岩共生序列为粘土包壳-方解石-一期微晶石英-一期高岭石-二期微晶石英、二期高岭石、片钠铝石-铁白云石;通过MAT253稳定同位素质谱仪确定了片钠铝石和铁白云石的稳定同位素组成为片钠铝石的δ13CPDB为-8.15‰~-2.81‰,与片钠铝石平衡的CO2的δ13CCO2为-12.91‰~-7.55‰,通过与海拉尔盆地及BGS盆地系碳氧同位素数据的类比,表明片钠铝石中的碳主要为幔源岩浆来源,形成片钠铝石的钠和铝主要来源于安山岩岩屑、长石晶屑碎屑、玻屑和火山灰等;铁白云石的δ13CPDB为-6.76‰~-2.65‰,与片钠铝石的碳氧同位素数据相似,结合相关地质实例及地球化学模拟实验,可以推断铁白云石中的碳也是幔源岩浆来源,铁白云石中的铁离子主要来源于安山岩岩屑、玻屑、火山灰和蒙脱石等矿物。 相似文献
10.
华北克拉通在中奥陶世至晚石炭世经历了强烈的风化和喀斯特化作用,并在晚石炭世形成大规模喀斯特型铝土矿,但是其物质来源及成矿过程目前仍存争议。本文选取华北南缘仁村大型喀斯特型铝土矿床,在矿床地质剖析基础上,对两个钻孔岩心进行矿物学、地球化学、碳-氧同位素分析,剖析了成矿物质来源和成矿环境条件,总结了铝土矿形成过程。仁村铝土矿含矿岩系赋存于奥陶系灰岩风化面之上的石炭系本溪组中,含矿岩系自下而上包括铁质粘土岩、铝土矿和粘土岩。X衍射和扫描电镜-能谱分析显示铁质粘土岩主要矿物为菱铁矿和伊利石,铝土矿主要矿物为硬水铝石、黄铁矿、菱铁矿、锐钛矿、伊利石和高岭石,而粘土岩主要矿物为高岭石和勃姆石。铁质粘土岩元素组成以SiO2、FeO、Al2O3为主,铝土矿以Al2O3、SiO2、FeO、TiO2为主,而粘土岩主要为SiO2。微量元素Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、Th和U等在含矿岩系呈现整体富集,稀土元素主要在铝土矿层底部富集。硬水铝石... 相似文献
11.
This paper mainly describes mineralogy and geochemistry of coals from the Weibei coalfield in the southeastern Ordos Basin, North China. A number of Al-hydroxide/oxyhydroxide minerals were detected in the Late Carboniferous coals (Nos. 5, 10 and 11 coals), especially in the No. 10 coal. Aluminum-hydroxide/oxyhydroxide minerals (nordstrandite, boehmite and diaspore) in the No. 10 coal are associated with kaolinite, suggesting that these minerals are derived from the breakdown of kaolinite. A model in which Al-hydroxide/oxyhydroxide minerals form from the incongruent dissolution of kaolinite is presented. Nordstrandite and boehmite mainly occur as massive lenses (<500 μm in length). Diaspore appears as massive aggregates and as single euhedral crystals (<50 μm in length) in a kaolinite matrix. The presence of high temperature quartz, and zircon indicates that there was input of felsic volcanic debris during accumulation of the Late Carboniferous coals. These volcanic materials have also had a significant influence on the enrichment of certain trace elements including Li, Be, Ga, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, W and U in the Late Carboniferous coals (Nos. 5, 10, and 11 coals). SEM-EDX results show that Ga in the No. 10 coal (whole coal average 33.4 μg/g; n = 2) mainly occurs within Al-hydroxide/oxyhydroxide minerals (nordstrandite, boehmite, and diaspore), kaolinite and organic matter. 相似文献
12.
Mehmet Şener 《Journal of Earth System Science》2007,116(2):125-135
This work focuses on the relationship between the coal deposition and explosive volcanism of the Miocene basin, NW central Anatolia, Turkey. The coal-bearing Hirka Formation was deposited over the Galatian Andesitic Complex and/or massive lagoonal environments during the Miocene. The investigated lignite is a high ash (from 32 to 58%) and sulphur (from 1.43 to 3.03%) lignite which is petrographically characterised by a high humunite content. The mineral matter of the studied lignite samples is made up of mainly clay minerals (illite-smectite and kaolinite), plagioclase and quartz in Bolu coal field, clay minerals (illite-smectite, smectite and illite), quartz, calcite, plagioclase and gypsum in Seben coal field, quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase and clay minerals (kaolinite and illite) in K?br?sc?k, and dolomite, quartz, clinoptilolite, opal CT and gypsum in Çaml?dere coal field. The differences in these four types of lignite with specific mineralogical patterns may be due to the explosive volcanic events and depositional conditions which changed from one coal field to the others. There is a zonation from SW to SE in the studied area for zeolites such as Opal CT+smectite-clinoptilolite-analcime-K-feldspar. Carbonate minerals are commonly calcite in Seben and K?br?sc?k coal fields. In Bolu, coal samples are devoid of calcite and dolomite. These analyses show that there is an increase in the amount of Mg and a decrease in the amount of Na from the northwestern part to the southern part in the study area. 相似文献
13.
A.E.KELEPERTSIS E.KONTIS 《中国地球化学学报》1997,16(1):8-19
The mineralogy and geochemistry data are presented for thirty-seven shales,four concretions,two carbonate sediments and seven lignites from the Marathousa coal field of the Megalopolis Basin in Greece.The argillaceous rocks consist of chlorite,illite,kaolinte,albite,quartz.opal-A,calcite and dolomite;the concretions of aragonite,gypsum and pyrite;and the carbonate rocks of calcite,quartz and illite.The mineral matter in the lignites consists of gypsum,quartz,albite,chlorite,illite,opal-A,dolomite,pyrite,and rarely calcite and kaolinite Athree-factor model explains the total variaition of major and trace elements in the argillaceous sediments.The first factor is an aluminosilicate factor and involves the following elements:Al,Si,Mg,Na,K,Ti,Mn,Nb,Y,Rb,Zn,Cu,Ni,Cr,Nband V,associated with chlorite,albite and illite.The second factor involves the elements Ca,Sr,Ba,Znand Sc and is related to carbonate lithology and mainly the carbonate concretions with gypsum.The third factor involves Fe and Ce with a weak association with Mn.The diagenesis of the Marathousa sediments and lignites was not very advanced as indicated by (a) the total thickness of the sequence (500m),(b) the presence of biogenic silica(opal-A) and (c) the age of the deposit(Pleistocene).FOr these reasons the rpresence of chlorite,illite and kaolinite in the sediments and lignite is due not to diagenetic reactions but to weathering of the flysch and metamorphic rocks at the edges of the Megalopolis Basin and transport of the weathering products(illite,chlorite,kaolinite)into the basin of deposition.The diagenetic minerals of the Marathousa sequence include pyrite,gypsum,dolomite and aragonite. 相似文献
14.
铝土矿是生产金属铝的主要来源,用途广泛。利用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜–能谱、X射线衍射、红外及差热分析等手段,研究晋中南石炭系铝土矿矿物特征,分析主要矿物成因。结果表明,铝土矿中所含矿物主要是硬水铝石和高岭石,少量伊利石、绿泥石、赤铁矿、菱铁矿、针铁矿、锐钛矿、金红石、石英、钾长石及方解石等。硬水铝石分隐晶–微晶碎屑、它形粒状晶体、短柱–鳞片状晶体3种类型,差热曲线吸热峰温度偏低,晶胞参数均值a为0.441 546 nm,b为0.945 445 nm,c为0.285 250 nm。硬水铝石主要由高岭石脱硅转变而成,少量为结晶成因。高岭石形成于温暖潮湿气候的风化过程中,部分为复硅化产物。锐钛矿形成于低温低压、TiO2供应充足的环境中。赤铁矿由含水氧化铁矿物风化脱水形成,少部分为成矿早期沼泽相或海相沉积。石英、钾长石及一些重矿物为陆源碎屑来源。 相似文献
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华池油田华152区低渗透砂岩储层敏感性及其形成机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
华池油田华152区长3油层组储层为曲流河三角洲粉-细粒长石砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩,矿物成分成熟度低,结构成熟度中等,填隙物含量较高,孔隙结构以中孔细喉型为主,物性较差,属低渗透储层。主要成岩矿物（伊利石、绿泥石、伊／蒙混层、高岭石、方解石、白云石等）使储层对外来流体有不同程度的敏感性反应。“五敏”实验结果表明,储层速敏和碱敏均为弱-中等偏弱,部分伊/蒙混层、绿泥石、碳酸盐矿物含量高的样品表现出强水敏、强酸敏、强盐敏的特征;油田水结垢实验表明,注入水与地层水、储层岩石不配伍产生盐垢CaCO3,CaSO4,实验为开采过程中回注地层水和注气开采等工艺提供油层保护的理论依据。 相似文献
16.
乌兰图嘎超大型锗矿床含锗煤的矿物学 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
内蒙古乌兰图嘎锗矿是我国近年来发现的产在煤层中的超大型锗矿床,锗金属储量达1600 t。以乌兰图嘎超大型锗矿床的含锗煤为研究对象,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、带能谱的扫描电镜(SEM-EDX)和电子探针(EPMA)详细研究了乌兰图嘎含锗煤及其同时代的红旗煤矿无矿煤的矿物学特征。分析结果表明,乌兰图嘎含锗煤中的主要矿物包括石英、蒙脱石;次要矿物包括长石、高岭石、伊利石;另含少量三水铝石、角闪石、叶蜡石、石膏、绿泥石、锐钛矿、黄铁矿、方解石、白云石和草酸钙石;微量的锆石、闪锌矿、白钨矿、重晶石、黄铜矿、卤化物、磷酸盐以及含Pb、Bi、Cr、As和Sb矿物。未发现含锗矿物。推测含锗煤中的锗可能主要呈有机结合,而Ba、Zn、Ti、W、Pb、Bi、Cr、Fe、As、Zr、Sb、Cu和REE可能主要与矿物相结合。此外,首次在乌兰图嘎含锗煤及红旗煤矿无矿煤中发现含银颗粒或自然银,推测胜利煤田的褐煤可能有相当规模的Ag矿化。 相似文献
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Inorganic minerals in mudstone are composed of clay minerals,carbonate and detrital minerals.Detrital minerals(such as quartz and feldspar)are mainly original deposit.However,clay minerals(kaolinite,illite,and chlorite)and carbonate(calcite and dolomite)are mostly diagenetic minerals.Furthermore,conversion of the four kinds of clay minerals are common.The formation of clay minerals and carbonate is controlled by temperature,pressure,p H,Eh and type of cations during diagenesis.Therefore mineral assemblage can indicate the characteristics and change of diagenetic environment.In addition to inorganic minerals,there are also organic matter of different sources and chemical properties in mudstone.Traditionally,it is considered that evolution of organic matter is controlled by thermal effect.Now studies show that inorganic and organic matter can interact with each other and form clay-organic complexes.This suggest that attention should be paid to the influence of diagenetic mineral assemblage and diagenetic environment on the evolution of organic matter* Samples of mudstone from 1500-4500m of the Palaeogene in the Dongying Depression,China,were collected to investigate the changes of mudstone diagenetic environment.XRD,thin section and SEM were used to detect diagenetic minerals and assemblage characteristics.Results showed that content of detrital minerals,which are floating in mud matrix or preserved as silt laminae,is basically unchanged from shallow to deep strata.Clay minerals which are gathered as argillaceous matrix or preserved as argillaceous laminae have growth and decline relation to carbonate which mainly appear as micropoikilitic ferriferous calcite and ferriferous dolomite.All these characteristics indicate that detrital minerals are exogenetic,whereas carbonate is diagenetic minerals.Based on the SEM analysis of the clay minerals,it was found that smectite present honeycomb and reticulate structure,while illite present filiform and schistose structure and there are growth and decline relationship between them.Nevertheless,hexagonal tabular and stratified kaolinite has the highest content from 2400m to3300m.Rosette and stratified chlorite shows increase trend when the burial depth is deeper than 3300m.These characteristics indicated that clay minerals are diagenetic minerals and there are conversions among the four types.Therefore form shallow to deep,three diagenetic mineral assemblage zones can be divided based on the characteristics of carbonate and clay minerals in mudstone.Namely,smectite+illite/smectite zone in the depth of 2000-2500m;kaolinite+illite/smectite zone in the depth of 2500-3300m and illite+chlorite+carbonate zone below 3300m.Previous studies showed that kaolinite is stable under acidic conditions,while other clay minerals and carbonate are stable under alkaline conditions.Hence according to mineral assemblages feature,it was inferred that diagenetic environment of mudstonehasundergonethechangeof alkaline-acid-alkaline.For the organic matter with different chemical properties in mudstone,the hydrocarbon generation will be different in the acidic and alkaline diagenetic environment even if the conditions of temperature and pressure are the same.Therefore,for hydrocarbon generation we should not only focus on thermal effect,but also pay more attention to the differences of diagenetic environment which have great significance for the understanding of hydrocarbon generation,hydrocarbon expulsion and reservoir formation in mudstone. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Coal Geology》1988,10(2):177-191
A preliminary mineralogical/geochemical investigation of low-rank coals from Leicestershire, England, has been carried out with a view to their future beneficiation. Analytical scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) have been used to identify and assess the distribution of mineral phases likely to give corrosion-producing or slag-forming materials during combustion, and those minerals which would be potentially valuable by-products of beneficiation processes. Differences in the mineral petrography of borehole samples from the Vale of Belvoir Prospect and coal from Bagworth Colliery are compared. Samples from both areas contain substantial amounts of epigenetic minerals: calcite, dolomite, kaolinite and fluor-apatite are important phases in the Bagworth sample, whilst gypsum, illite, quartz, kaolinite, barytocelestine, pyrite, chalcopyrite, anatase, galena and sphalerite occur in the Vale of Belvoir samples. Whereas the presence of halides in the Bagworth coal would seem to be a possible source of boiler-corrosion problems, the major undesirable characteristic of the Vale of Belvoir coal is the presence of significant amounts of metal sulphides. However, extraction of sulphides from this coal prior to combustion could provide a valuable source of metals as a by-product. Certain trace element concentrations in the Vale of Belvoir samples have also been determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and higher levels of lanthanide elements are present in the whole coal relative to mineral veins (mainly gypsum). Trace-element signatures may provide a useful distinction between syngenetic and epigenetic mineral formation. 相似文献