共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 475 毫秒
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全球海洋再分析产品的研究现状 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
随着海洋观测资料的积累和日益丰富,以及海洋数值模式与数据同化方法的不断发展,利用同化系统将海洋数值模式和历史观测资料结合起来,对重构海洋过去的演变以形成再分析资料的作用和意义越来越显著。再分析产品为人们深入了解多时空尺度的海洋运动和探究海洋在气候变化中的作用提供了不可替代的资料基础。受海洋模式与数据同化方法的发展水平和庞大的计算资源需求等方面的限制,全球海洋再分析产品主要由海洋科技强国制作与发布。就当前国内外一些主要的全球海洋再分析计划及其产品进行分析,对各产品的特点及应用中存在的一些问题进行介绍,最后对全球海洋再分析产品未来的发展趋势进行了展望和讨论。 相似文献
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大气能量有效性的研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
大气能量有效性一直是大气科学研究中的重要组成部分，在过去的几十年中，得到了长足发展。对大气能量学特别是能量有效性问题的研究进展进行了全面回顾。为了将能量有效性的研究从全球大气整体向局地或区域尺度拓展，针对经典有效位能理论中存在的问题提出了扰动位能的新概念，并初步探讨了其理论和应用问题。在已开展的工作中，利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料研究了扰动位能的时空结构以及与大气动能之间的联系，取得了很有意义的结果。 相似文献
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大气沉降对海洋初级生产过程与氮循环的影响研究进展 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
大气沉降通过为海洋提供外源性氮、磷和铁等微量元素,可显著影响海洋氮、碳循环过程,并产生气候效应。一方面促进海洋初级生产和生物固氮,增强海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力;另一方面影响海洋氮、碳循环路径,增加海洋生物源气溶胶排放量,间接影响气候变化。由于大气沉降对海洋生态系统及气候变化的重要影响,相关科学问题已成为海洋科学与大气科学交叉研究的热点,被多个国际研究计划列为核心研究内容。在大气污染物排放持续增加与沙尘事件频发的背景下,大气沉降对我国东部陆架海(黄海、东海)及其邻近西北太平洋碳、氮循环过程的影响日趋增强,因此该海区已成为大气沉降及其气候影响研究的代表性海域。结合分子生物学和实验生态学手段理解大气沉降影响下的海洋初级生产过程,利用同位素示踪技术研究大气沉降对海洋氮循环的影响,以及获得大气沉降影响下海洋生物源气溶胶排放的观测证据将是未来研究的重点方向。 相似文献
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USGCRP碳循环研究的最新动向 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
碳循环研究是国际全球变化研究的热点之一。根据美国全球变化研究委员会提出的“美国全球变化研究计划”(USGCRP),详细介绍了美国碳循环研究的目标、重点研究计划和行动。USGCRP碳循环研究的主要目标是提供碳源和碳汇的综合评价,其重点在于确定北美洲陆地碳汇的数量、位置和成因,通过设立集成观测、过程研究和建模研究的项目来减少其中的不确定性,并提供北美洲陆地碳汇及其变化的更精确估计。USGCRP将从大气、海洋、陆地和人类因素方面结合适当的研究方法,提供多样化的碳循环时空信息,而且提供必要的北美洲陆地碳汇状态的详细描述。在基本反映美国碳循环研究最新趋势的同时,提出了中国碳循环研究应注意的方向。 相似文献
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Peter D.Moore 《地球科学进展》1990,5(1):80-81
研究大气变化及其对气候的可能影响,为近代气候变化的研究注入了新的活力。特别是世界干旱地区,这些研究正在进行。这不仅因为它们对未来气候变化十分敏感,而且也因为过去忽略了那些地区,由于他们不象温暖地区那样富集湖泊和泥炭地,因而以往此类地区对古生态学家没有多少吸引力。新的证据来源是在动植物化石物质中寻找同位素记录,它们能提供过去与气候有关的光合作用和固氮系统的证据。为了进一步补充积累资料,正如Ambrose和Deniro在最近的报告中所报导的那样,现在正在对古代食草动物牙齿化石的骨胶原进行开发性的研究。 相似文献
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基于气象台站、再分析资料分析以及过去研究成果的综合,系统总结了过去50年青藏高原水文环境变化趋势及其区域差异性.显著、同步的地表升温是青藏高原水分循环最为显著驱动特征.日照、风速的下降形成大气驱动因子的减弱,表现为蒸发力下降.大气水汽含量与其他因子造成降水量微弱增加,但区域差异明显.随着地表气温上升,最大积雪水当量减少... 相似文献
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With the development of the ocean satellite remote sensing technology, the reanalysis of past oceanic observations using modern data assimilation technique and the restructuring of the long-term and consistent gridded data products have made great progress. Such datasets provide us with the most primary research tools to identify the state and evolution of ocean, and understand the role of ocean in climate change and variability at different spatial-temporal scales. In this paper, the current research status in the global reanalysis datasets including some of international global ocean reanalysis projects and the corresponding reanalyzed products were systematically reviewed. In addition, the present status of the domestic research of ocean reanalysis datasets was briefly introduced. The validation of the reanalysis datasets and some quality problems represented by the reanalyzed products, and the Ocean Reanalyses Intercomparison Project were systematically reviewed. Moreover, the prospects of the studies of oceanic reanalysis in the future were also discussed in this paper. 相似文献
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青藏高原地区多套位势高度和风场再分析资料的对比分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
针对20CR、CFSR、NCEP1、NCEP2、ERA-Interim、ERA-20CM和JRA-55再分析位势高度和风场资料,基于探空资料,采用计算均方根误差、相关分析等方法从气候均值、长期变化趋势和年际变率三个方面评估再分析资料在青藏高原地区的适用性.结果表明:再分析资料的适用性存在季节、空间和垂直层次上的差异.气候均值方面,NCEP1和ERA-Interim位势高度资料与观测资料最接近,适用性最佳,而ERA-20CM资料偏差最大.春夏季,NCEP2和NCEP1的风速资料质量较优,20CR和ERA-20CM资料质量相对较差;而秋冬季,ERA-20CM风速资料与探空资料最接近,质量最好.气候变化趋势方面,JRA-55、ERA-Interim和NCEP1资料质量存在时空的差异,但均能很好地反映出位势高度的变化趋势.年际变率方面,除了ERA-20CM,各再分析资料与探空资料相关性高,对年际变率的刻画基本一致,其中JRA-55和ERA-Interim位势高度资料与探空资料相关性最好.就季节而言,冬季再分析资料质量最高,适用性好,其次为春季,夏季资料质量最低. 相似文献
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Ananda K. Das U. C. Mohanty Someshwar Das M. Manual S. R. Kalsi 《Journal of Earth System Science》2003,112(2):165-184
The skill and efficiency of a numerical model mostly varies with the quality of initial values, accuracy on parameterization
of physical processes and horizontal and vertical resolution of the model. Commonly used low-resolution reanalyses are hardly
able to capture the prominent features associated with organized convective processes in a monsoon depression. The objective
is to prepare improved high-resolution analysis by the use of MM5 modelling system developed by the Pennsylvania State University/National
Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU/NCAR). It requires the objective comparison of high and low-resolution analysis datasets
in assessing the specific convective features of a monsoon depression. For this purpose, reanalysis datasets of NCAR/NCEP
(National Center for Atmospheric Research/National Centers for Environmental Prediction) at a horizontal resolution of 2.5‡
(latitude/longitude) have been used as first guess in the objective analysis scheme. The additional asynoptic datasets obtained
during BOBMEX-99 are utilized within the assimilation process. Cloud Motion Wind (CMW) data of METEOSAT satellite and SSM/I
surface wind data are included for the improvement of derived analysis. The multiquadric (MQD) interpolation technique is
selected and applied for meteorological objective analysis at a horizontal resolution of 30 km. After a successful inclusion
of additional data, the resulting reanalysis is able to produce the structure of convective organization as well as prominent
synoptic features associated with monsoon depression. Comparison and error verifications have been done with the help of available
upper-air station data. The objective verification reveals the efficiency of the analysis scheme. 相似文献
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多种再分析地表温度资料在中国区域的适用性分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用1979-2010年中国805个站点的逐日地表温度观测资料与ERA-Interim、ERA-Interim/Land、JRA-55、NCEP/NCAR和NCEP/DOE五种再分析地表温度资料, 对五种再分析地表温度资料在中国区域的适用性进行了比较与分析. 结果表明: 从空间分布特征来看, JRA-55资料与观测资料最为接近; 五种再分析地表温度资料在东部地区的适用性好于西部地区, 且均不能很好地模拟出青藏高原地区和西北西部地区的地表温度分布. 从地表温度的长期变化来看, 五种再分析地表温度资料虽然可以描述地表温度变化趋势, 但均存在低估现象, 且低估现象随着地表温度的增加变得更加严重. 在地表温度人工观测和自动观测交接的时间段, 可以使用再分析资料作为地表温度均一化的参考序列. 相似文献
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青藏高原积雪对区域气候及水循环有重要影响,现有积雪数据集在该区域存在很大不确定性,适用性评估工作不可或缺。基于气象站观测数据(OBS),采用秩评分方法对一套被动微波遥感(CHE)和两套再分析(ERA5-Land和MERRA2)积雪深度数据进行了多变量、多评价指标的综合定量评估。结果表明:从年平均积雪深度、年最大积雪深度、年积雪日数三个变量分别评价各数据,MERRA2对年最大积雪深度、年积雪日数模拟最好,CHE对年平均积雪深度描述最好;各数据在不同评价指标上的得分排名存在较大差异,CHE在描述线性变化趋势上具有优势,ERA5-Land在描述年际变化上具有优势,MERRA2在描述季节循环、多年平均值、极大值、标准差上具有优势;综合考虑,MERRA2在青藏高原适用性综合评分最高、ERA5-Land次之、CHE最低。三种数据均存在明显不足之处,MERRA2对积雪线性变化趋势的定性描述与OBS相反,对积雪年代际变化的模拟有待优化;ERA5-Land对各变量的多年平均值存在严重高估;CHE刻画积雪空间分布特征能力较差。由于青藏高原西部站点稀少,相关评估结论仅适用于高原中东部。基于遥感及再分析数据得到高原西部积雪变化趋势存在较大不确定性。 相似文献
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气象数据是水文过程研究的关键要素,再分析数据的发展为资料缺乏地区的径流模拟提供了新的解决方案。为研究ERA5-Land再分析数据集在径流模拟中的适用性,本文以玛纳斯河流域肯斯瓦特水文站以上流域为研究区,选取多个评价指标对ERA5-Land降水和温度进行准确性评价,并采用经验模态分解(EOF)分析其在研究区内的分布特点。在准确性方面,ERA5-Land与实测数据具有较好相关性,降水探测率为0.96,能反映大多数的降水事件,但与实测数据相比总体偏高21.81%,气温准确性好于降水,总体拟合效果较好,最优范围为-520 ℃,在极值部分不确定性有所增加。EOF决定性模态表明研究区内降水、气温变化趋势基本一致,即易受大尺度天气系统影响。利用该数据集驱动SWAT模型在月、日尺度上对玛纳斯河流域进行径流模拟,在验证期纳什系数(NSE)分别为0.88和0.82,具有较好的模拟效果。ERA5-Land再分析数据集可为西北缺乏实测气象资料地区径流模拟提供参考。 相似文献
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We use first field-based observations of precipitation and river isotopic chemistry from a three-year study (2009–2011) in rainforest and nearby savannah in central Guyana at the northern rim of the Amazon rainforest to establish the quality of modelled or remotely-sensed datasets. Our 3 years of data capture a reduced rainfall regime in 2009 and an extended wet season in 2010, in contrast to the widely documented Amazonian floods in 2009 and droughts in 2010. Comparisons of observed precipitation with satellite derived TRMM and ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis precipitation show that both of these data sets capture the general pattern of seasonality, but substantially underestimate rainfall amounts in the primary wet season (by up to 50% and 72% respectively). The TRMM dataset is generally better at characterising the main dry season from September to December but the ERA-Interim model can overestimate precipitation in the dry season by up to 175%. Our new data on isotopic chemistry of river waters show that δ2H/δ18O values in this region are broadly consistent with interpolated global datasets of modelled precipitation isotopic signatures. The dominance of isotopically lighter water derived from the rains of the ITCZ during the wet season provides evidence of the close coupling of water chemistry of headwater rivers on the northern rim of Amazonia to the positioning of the ITCZ over the region. Our results highlight the challenge in understanding and representing local scale hydrological and biogeochemical characteristics using regional scale model data. We argue that combining point and local scale field data with larger scale model data is necessary to progress towards a comprehensive understanding of climate–hydrology interactions in Amazonia. 相似文献
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Nikhil Ghodichore R Vinnarasi C T Dhanya Somnath Baidya Roy 《Journal of Earth System Science》2018,127(8):115
Various reanalyses have been utilized in numerous climate related researches around the globe, however, there exists considerable biasedness in these products, especially in precipitation and temperature data. The ability of these reanalysis products to simulate the precipitation and temperature patterns is observed to be satisfactory at global scale, while it differs significantly at regional scale, especially over regions of high spatio-temporal heterogeneity such as India. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the applicability and robustness of reanalyses in climate related research. The annual and seasonal variability in spatio-temporal patterns and trends of precipitation and temperature data, with respect to the IMD gridded data over 34 yrs, are evaluated for six global reanalyses namely, NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis (NCEP R1), NCEP-DOE AMIP-2 Reanalysis (NCEP R2), Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), ECMWF Interim Reanalysis (ERA-Interim), Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application Land only model (MERRA-Land) and JMA 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55). The ability of the reanalyses was tested based on several factors such as statistical and categorical indices, spells and trends, for annual and seasonal daily values. Several regional and seasonal differences were observed, particularly over high rainfall regions such as Western Ghats and northeastern India. MERRA-Land is found to give the best results for precipitation over India, which is attributed to the updated forcing data using gauge-based precipitation observations. Similarly, ERA-Interim and JRA-55 exhibit better performance for temperature than other datasets. All reanalyses failed to correctly reproduce the trends in IMD data, for both precipitation and temperature. These observations will provide a better perception on the reliability and applicability of reanalyses for climate and hydrological studies over India. 相似文献
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Abbas-Ali A Bidokhti Maryam Gharaylou Nafiseh Pegahfar Samaneh Sabetghadam Maryam Rezazadeh 《Journal of Earth System Science》2016,125(2):431-442
Determination of dust loading in the atmosphere is important not only from the public health point of view, but also for regional climate changes. The present study focuses on the characteristics of two major dust events for two urban areas in Iran, Kermanshah and Tehran, over the period of 4 years from 2006 to 2009. To detect extreme dust outbreaks, various datasets including synoptic data, dust concentration, reanalysis data and numerical results of WRF and HYSPLIT models were used. The weather maps demonstrate that for these events dusts are mainly generated when wind velocity is high and humidity is low in the lower troposphere and the region is under the influence of a thermal low. The event lasts until the atmospheric stability prevails and the surface wind speed weakens. The thermal low nature of the synoptic conditions of these major events is also responsible for deep boundary layer development with its thermals affecting the vertical dust flux over the region. Trajectory studies show that the dust events originated from deserts in Iraq and Syria and transported towards Iran. The main distinction between the two types of mobilizations seems to affect the dust concentrations in the Tehran urban area. 相似文献