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1.
The influence of freeze-thaw cycles on the granulometric composition of Moscow morainic clay 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The freeze-thaw cycling process considerably changes the composition,structure,and properties of soils.Since the grain size is the most important factor in determining soil characteristics,our current research primarily aims to investigate dynamic changes of the soil fraction when exposed to freeze-thaw conditions.We observed two series of Moscow morainic clayey specimens(g QmII):(I) the original series,and(II) the remolded series.We subjected each series of soil specimens to different frequencies of freeze-thaw cycles(3,6,20,and 40 cycles),and we used granulometric tests to analyze both series before and after exposure to freeze-thaw conditions.As a result of our experiments,the granulometric compositions tended to be distributed evenly after 40 freeze-thaw processes(i.e.,content of fraction for 0.1–0.05 mm was increased after 40 freeze-thaw cycles) because the division of coarse grains and the aggregation of fine grains were synchronized during the freeze-thaw process.The soil grains in both series changed bi-directionally.In the original series,changes of the sand grains were conjugated with the clay grains,and in the remolded series,changes of the sand grains were conjugated with the silt grains,because potential energy difference caused the division and aggregation processes to relate to the counteraction process.The even distribution of soil grain size indicated the state of equilibrium or balance.The granulometric compositions were altered the most during the sixth freeze-thaw cycle,because the coefficient of the intensity variation of the grain fineness(Kvar) had its maximum value at that time. 相似文献
2.
作为重要的土壤物理性质,膨胀性在影响土壤导水性、持水性、抗蚀性以及土壤结构的形成和发育等方面发挥着重要作用。为了探讨生物土壤结皮（BSCs）土壤的膨胀特性及其主要影响因素,针对黄土高原风沙土和黄绵土两种典型土壤,利用膨胀仪测定并比较了有、无藓结皮及其在不同因素（初始含水量、干湿循环、冻融循环、温度）下膨胀率的差异,分析了BSCs对土壤膨胀性的影响及其与环境因素和BSCs性质的关系。结果显示：风沙土上藓结皮的膨胀率为1.93%,较无结皮增加了8.65倍;而黄绵土上藓结皮的膨胀率为2.05%,与无结皮相比降低了76.68%。藓结皮的生物量和厚度与其膨胀率在风沙土上均呈线性正相关关系（P < 0.05）,在黄绵土上分别呈二次函数（P=0.02）和线性正相关关系（P=0.02）。初始含水量同时影响了土壤最大膨胀率和稳定膨胀时间,影响程度风沙土远大于黄绵土（包括藓结皮和无结皮）;干湿循环次数对无结皮土壤膨胀率的影响程度大于藓结皮土壤,其中风沙土和黄绵土上无结皮的膨胀率分别是50.00%~620.00%和-2.28%~10.81%,而两种土壤上藓结皮的膨胀率分别是-5.70%~10.88%和-10.24%~-21.46%;冻融循环下4种土壤的膨胀率均有不同程度的降低,降幅为0~18.54%。黄绵土无结皮的膨胀率受温度影响程度较大,50℃下黄绵土无结皮的膨胀率分别是25℃和35℃下的1.17倍和1.21倍。BSCs显著地改变了风沙土和黄绵土表层的膨胀性,其影响的程度和方向取决于土壤类型。同时,BSCs的膨胀性受含水量、温度、干湿以及冻融循环等关键因素影响。 相似文献
3.
戈壁表层沉积物地球化学元素组成及其沉积意义 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
作为干旱、半干旱区的一类重要荒漠景观,戈壁在中国分布面积较广,其独特的物质组成和沉积特征对解释它的物源和发生过程有重要的意义.本文通过筛分处理对戈壁表层不同粒径沉积物地球化学元素组成进行了分析.结果表明:各类戈壁表层沉积物的主要元素组成特征基本相似,但不同粒级沉积物主要元素的含量略有差异.与UCC的平均化学组成相比,戈壁表层沉积物中主要元素除Si基本与UCC保持一致外,其余各主要元素均在不同程度上表现出了富集和淋失特征,微量元素在两大类型戈壁中随沉积物粒径的变化与主要元素基本一致.在极端干旱的气候条件下戈壁表层沉积物缺少有效的化学风化过程,基本处在未受或较弱的大陆化学风化的初、中级阶段.各个粒级的沉积物在经历侵蚀和风化过程中较好的继承关系表明,戈壁砾石层下伏的细粒沉积层不是外源搬运沉淀,而是局地岩屑通过就地风化和成壤作用形成. 相似文献
4.
荒漠藓类结皮边缘效应下土壤肥力的灰色关联度分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
干旱半干旱地区土壤资源呈现高度异质性,植被分布斑块化成为该生态系统的普遍现象。藓类结皮是荒漠地表生物土壤结皮的主要类型,自然状态下藓类结皮通常呈现出典型的斑块状分布特征。应用灰色系统理论,以新疆北部古尔班通古特沙漠藓类结皮层土壤为研究对象,将藓类结皮斑块从中心至边缘划分3个圈层,通过对土壤的理化性质、酶活性、微生物生物量及微生物群落碳源利用等16项指标进行分析,利用灰色关联度分析法定量分析了藓类结皮斑块3个圈层的土壤肥力,并进行综合排序。结果表明:(1)藓类结皮斑块边缘圈层的土壤有机质、全氮、全钾、脲酶、过氧化氢酶、微生物生物量碳氮、平均吸光值(AWCD)均显著低于内部两个圈层,全磷、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量及pH值、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶活性均不受边缘效应的影响,在3个圈层无显著差异。同时,土壤各项指标在斑块内部两个圈层均无显著差异。(2)藓类结皮斑块3个圈层土壤肥力的关联度值依次为中心圈层(0.65)>中间圈层(0.59)>边缘圈层(0.47),藓类结皮斑块结皮层的土壤肥力从中心至边缘逐渐降低。藓类结皮斑块状分布显著影响土壤肥力,导致土壤肥力空间异质性程度增大,从而可能影响荒漠植物群落,尤其是草本植物群落的空间分布格局。 相似文献
5.
干旱和半干旱地区草地生态系统木本植物入侵及其导致的草原灌丛化已经成为全球范 围普遍发生的现象, 是草地沙化和荒漠化的一个重要标志。干旱生态系统中, 此种类型的植被变 化将对区域和全球生物地球化学循环产生显著影响。过度放牧、区域气候干旱化和自然火过程是 导致灌丛入侵和发展的主要控制因子。草原灌丛化过程中, 草地生态系统分布较为均匀的土壤养 分及相关元素在水平和垂直方向发生分异, 关键生命元素C、N、P 、S 生物地球化学循环的变化 将对全球气候变化产生显著作用。全球气候变化与草原灌丛荒漠化之间存在潜在的反馈机制, 人 类扰动的影响将使这种反馈作用变得更加迅速和灵敏。 相似文献
6.
中国西北干旱区不同粒径表土碳酸盐含量及碳、氧同位素组成 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
通过对我国典型干旱区表土分粒级样品的碳酸盐含量及其碳氧同位素的测试,结果显示:我国西北干旱区表土不同粒级样品的碳酸盐含量以及碳氧稳定同位素组成存在较大的差异。随着粒径的减小,碳酸盐含量逐渐升高,氧同位素逐渐偏正,碳同位素逐渐偏负。可以认为细颗粒组分中土壤次生碳酸盐相对比例大,而粗颗粒组分中原生碳酸盐相对占优势。而次生碳酸盐氧同位素可能受蒸发的控制,碳同位素更多的受植被的影响,所以表现出细颗粒组分较粗颗粒组分碳酸盐的氧同位素更偏正,而碳同位素更偏负。因此,干旱区表土细颗粒组分碳酸盐能更好地反映成壤过程中次生碳酸盐形成时期的气候环境信息。 相似文献
7.
Review of the influence of freeze-thaw cycles on the physical
and mechanical properties of soil 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Seasonally frozen soil is a four-phase material and its physical-mechanical properties are more complex compared to the unfrozen soil. Its
physical properties changes during the freeze-thaw process; repeated freeze-thaw cycles change the characteristics of soil, which can render
the soil from an unstable state to a new dynamic equilibrium state. The freezing process changes the structure coupled between the soil particle
arrangements, which will change the mechanical properties of the soil. The method of significance and interaction between different factors
should be considered to measure the influence on the properties of soil under freeze-thaw cycles. 相似文献
8.
Soil fertility in arid ecosystems is spatially and temporally heterogeneous, due primarily to biotic feedbacks from perennial plants. While the “island of fertility” effect is well-established, little is known about the influence of plant functional characteristics on soil nutrients, or changes in nutrient levels following mortality or microsite succession. To assess these patterns, we studied a functionally diverse Sonoran Desert ecosystem in which all microsite state transitions were determined. The woody species (Ambrosia deltoidea, Larrea tridentata, Parkinsonia microphylla) significantly enhanced soil organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorous levels (referred to generally as fertility) to varying degrees. Effect sizes differed significantly among species but were surprisingly similar. However, following mortality, fertility remained constant beneath Ambrosia and increased significantly beneath decaying Parkinsonia, contrary to expected declines. These results suggest that nutrients are recycled within a microsite, resulting in similar pool sizes beneath live plants across species, regardless of morphological or phonological differences. Microsites occupied by cacti exhibited no differences from bare soil, indicating that cacti may erase islands of fertility. However, nitrate and phosphate levels spiked following mortality of the large cactus, Carnegiea gigantea. In general, fertility effects were correlated with morphological characteristics that should be applicable across most arid systems. 相似文献
9.
塔克拉玛干沙漠土壤沙化发生条件及对土壤性状影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤沙化是土壤发育逆向演替恢复母质特性的过程，土壤沙化发生条件可以概括为４个方面：土壤干旱是沙化的根本条件、植被衰败为风沙活动创造了条件、土壤质地轻是沙化物质基础、大风和频繁起沙风是沙化的动力条件。土壤沙化结果使土壤粗粒化、贫瘠化，同时也使土壤含盐量降低。 相似文献
10.
Regarding the freezing damage of high-grade highway subgrade in seasonally frozen area,the thesis explores the effect on the dynamic behavior of subgrade soil under freeze–thaw cycles and draws the change law of parameters(including dynamic strength,dynamic cohesion,and internal friction angle;and dynamic elastic modulus)of high-grade highway-subgrade soil with the number of freeze–thaw cycles.It aims to provide the reference for operation and maintenance of a high-grade highway.Conclusions:(1)Dynamic strength tends to decline evidently after freeze–thaw cycles,with 60%~70%decline after three cycles,and remains stable after five to seven cycles.(2)With the number of freeze–thaw cycles increasing,the internal friction angle fluctuates within a certain range without an obvious change law,only presenting the tendency of dropping off.The dynamic cohesion declines obviously,about 20%~40%after seven freeze–thaw cycles,and then tends to be stable.(3)With the number of freeze-thaw cycles increasing,the dynamic elastic modulus and maximum dynamic elastic modulus are inclined to decrease distinctly.After five freeze–thaw cycles,the former declines 30%~40%and then remains stable.Meanwhile,the latter falls 20%~40%. 相似文献