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周恩来总理是我国第一代革命领导核心成员之一,他协助毛泽东主席在极其艰难的环境下领导我国的革命斗争,坚持抗日战争和解放战争,夺取了全国革命的伟大胜利,创建了中华人民共和国。新中国成立后,他担任了26年的总理,亲自指挥我国各条战线的建设,并在国际上开展积极的外交斗争和活动,被公认为世界上的一代伟人。 相似文献
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对康熙帝风的性能认识的分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
王鹏飞 《南京气象学院学报》1999,22(3):439-444
康熙帝对风的认识,有独到的见解。他关于山东与京师风向之异的观测,近几十年常被误认为他有风场不连续的概念之证。本文分析原文,指出这种看法的错误。又举出风对成盐及形成沙漠白龙堆沙丘的作用两例,分析康熙帝在这两个问题上认识的局限性。 相似文献
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利用区域气候模式和作物模型,模拟了IPCC SRES A2和B2情景下未来中国粮食作物的单产变化,结合人口和经济发展,分析了气候变化对农业生产影响的温度阈值。结果表明:不考虑CO2的肥效,气候变化对农业生产影响的温度阈值可能在2.0~2.5℃左右;考虑CO2的肥效,农业生产不存在温度阈值。考虑了技术和贸易因素后,忽略CO2肥效,A2情景下的基本粮食安全有可能存在问题;考虑CO2的肥效后,气候变化不会影响到中国的粮食安全。 相似文献
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运用遥感图像处理系统(ENVI)对快鸟(Quickbird)高分辨率遥感影像进行预处理,利用归一化差值植被指数(NDVI)、归一化差异绿度指数(NDGI)、土壤调节植被指数(SAVI)和修正土壤调节植被指数(MSAVI)对南京市鼓楼区进行了绿地信息提取,通过Matlab软件比较了其灰度图像、直方图和二值图像,并分析其方差,在C语言的平台上进行了精度评定.实验结果表明:在该研究区中,SAVI、NDVI的绿地提取能力较好;NDGI、MSAVI出现了明显的漏分、错分情况,但MSAVI在建筑物、植被边缘提取上表现出相对的优越性. 相似文献
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采用每日最高(最低)气温的历史同期序列的分位数作为该日的极端阈值,运用改进的经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)方法对山西省运城市1971—2005年每年发生的持续(3 d及3 d以上)极端气温频数进行了初步分析。结果表明,1971—2005年运城市每年的持续极端高温频数(frequency of sustained extreme-high temperature,FSEHT)和持续极端低温频数(frequen-cy of sustained extreme-lowtemperature,FSELT)序列均存在线性下降趋势;在0.05的水平下,运城市的FSEHT序列与该地区的年平均气温序列的线性相关性不显著,而该地区的FSELT序列与年平均气温序列的负线性相关关系是显著的;此外,这两个频数序列分别存在不同的周期振荡。从主要周期看,运城市的FSEHT和FSELT序列与厄尔尼诺现象的周期相一致。 相似文献
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王绍武 《气候变化研究进展》2012,(4):312
2012年6月1日,《科学》(Science)杂志在"新闻焦点"栏目中发表了8篇评论,总标题为"天文学的秘密"。由资深编辑A.Cho,Y.Bhattacharjee,E.Cartlidge,D.Clery,及R.A.Kerr编写,题目分别是:(1)什么是暗能量?(2)暗物质有多热?(3)丢失的重子到何处去了?(4)恒星如何爆炸?(5)为什么宇宙重新电离?(6)最高能量的宇宙 相似文献
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今年 5月 ,与常年同期相比 ,除东北大部、华北北部、华南东部、内蒙古东部和南疆大部等地降水明显偏少外 ,我国其余大部地区降水偏多或接近常年。本月全国大部地区气温接近常年或偏低 ,其中黄淮西部、江淮大部、西南地区东部、湖北和湖南北部等地的气温偏低 1~ 2℃ ,东北和华南东部沿海偏高 1~ 2℃。本月有一个热带风暴生成。1 天气概况5月份降水量 ,西南东部地区、黄淮大部及其以南地区在 10 0mm以上 ,其中江南及重庆大部、贵州大部、云南西南部、广西、广东中部等地一般有 2 0 0~ 330mm ,局部地区达 330~ 4 70mm ;东北、华北、… 相似文献
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青藏高原地表热力异常与我国江淮地区夏季降水的关系 总被引:15,自引:5,他引:10
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均资料和中国160站降水资料,分析了1951~2000年间5月青藏高原主体、高原东部和高原西部(90°E分界)地表温度的变化特征及其与江淮地区夏季降水的关系。结果发现:在研究高原热力异常对我国江淮地区夏季降水的影响时,要考虑到高原热力状况的空间差异对其的影响。相关分析发现,与高原主体和高原西部相比,高原东部地表温度变化对7月江淮地区的降水有更好的指示性。高原东部和其以北区域的大尺度热力差异比高原本身的热力异常对江淮地区夏季降水有更好的指示意义,可以作为我国江淮地区夏季降水的一个预报因子。 相似文献
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Fluctuations in the length of the growing season in Minnesota 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Fluctuations in growing season length and in the dates of the last spring freeze and first fall freeze between 1899 and 1982 were studied for five rural Minnesota stations with long, high quality records. A general increase in growing season length was found, but there was substantial variation in the pattern of fluctuations among the stations. The increase in growing season length is not clearly and uniformly related to changes in the dates of first and last freezes. The interannual variability of growing season duration is on the order of the increase in duration so that the change would not be readily apparent to a casual observer. Our results do not correspond well with certain other studies of growing season length nor with fluctuations in hemispheric mean temperature. We conclude that extreme care must be used in extrapolating results of growing season length studies in space and in relating them to mean temperature fluctuations. 相似文献
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1引言根据实践经验,把测到的地方性云类与天气的关系联系起来,然后用天气学、气象学的基础知识,论述地方性云类出现特征与天气变化规律及在预报中应注意考虑的几个问题,对于制作单站和区域性天气预报有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
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湿大气的广义位温与干大气位温及饱和湿大气相当位温的比较 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
实际大气既非完全是干空气,也不是处处达到饱和的湿空气,而是处于含有水汽但又不饱和的湿空气状态。基于这样一种湿大气状态,在湿大气中广义位温定义的基础上,对不同暴雨类型的广义位温与干大气的位温及饱和湿大气的相当位温做了比较。对2003年江淮流域暴雨过程、2004年华北一次暴雨过程以及2006年碧利斯台风中的位温、相当位温和广义位温分布的对比分析表明:即使是在暴雨系统中,湿空气的相对湿度也不一定达到100%,饱和湿空气相当位温的引入条件不能完全满足。而广义位温的定义用一个表达式就可以表示出于大气、未饱和湿大气以及饱和湿大气这3种大气状态的位温,位温和相当位温则是广义位温的特殊情况。当大气比湿为零时,广义位温就变成位温;当大气比湿达到饱和后,广义位温就变成相当位温。除了可以衔接干大气位温和饱和湿大气的相当位温外,广义位温包含了水汽由干到湿再到饱和的变化过程,更好地体现了大气中水汽的实际分布和变化特征。 相似文献
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《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》1999,29(2-4):365-395
We present definitive observational evidence that the startling change of the Eastern Mediterranean deep circulation observed in winter 1995 and documented by [Roether, W., Manca, B.B., Klein, B., Bregant, D., Georgopoulos, D., Beitzel, V., Kovacevich, V., Luchetta, A., 1996. Recent changes in the Eastern Mediterranean deep water. Science 271, 333–335.] actually started before October 1991. This change involved not only the deep water mass pathways but also the origin and pathways of the water mass spreading in the intermediate layer. We carry out the first unified analysis of the POEMBC-O91 data set, which shows that, differently from the previous decade of the 80s, the Cretan/Aegean Sea was in 1991 the `driving' engine of the intermediate, transitional and deep layer circulations, with Cretan Intermediate Water (CIW), transitional water and Cretan Deep Water (CDW) spreading out from the Cretan Sea into the basin interior. The most important new results are: (a) the Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) formed inside or at the periphery of the Rhodes gyre is blocked in its traditional westbound route on its density horizons σθ=29.05 and 29.10 kg/m3 by a three-lobe strong anticyclonic structure in the Southern Levantine, which induces a substantial LIW recirculation in the Levantine basin itself; (b) the CIW exiting from the Western Cretan Arc Straits spreads into the Ionian interior on the σθ=29.05–29.10 kg/m3 isopycnal surfaces, thus replacing the LIW confined in the Levantine basin. A branch of CIW flows eastward in the Cretan passage and is entrained by the Ierapetra anticyclone to flow again into the Cretan Sea through the Eastern Cretan Arc Straits; (c) on the horizons σθ=29.15 and 29.18 kg/m3 a transitional water mass of Cretan origin, denser than CIW, and CDW are observed to spread out massively from the Cretan Arc Straits both into the Ionian and Levantine interiors. These isopycnal surfaces rise to much shallower depths in 1991 than in 1987, increasing the salt content of the intermediate, transitional and deep layers. This leads to a massive salt increase in the Ionian below 1200 m, clearly related to lateral advection of the new denser waters of Cretan/Aegean origin, thus contradicting the hypothesis of a vertical salt redistribution proposed by Roether et al. 相似文献
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11月份 ,全国大部地区降水量比常年同期偏多 ,长江中下游和华南北部出现明显降水 ,旱情缓解 ,但华南中部和南部干旱仍持续或发展 ;月平均气温 ,全国大部地区较常年同期偏高或接近常年 ,其中东北部分地区偏高显著 ,黑龙江、吉林两省月区域平均气温为19 5 1年以来历史同期最高值 ;月日照时数 ,全国大部地区接近常年同期。总的来看 ,本月全国大部地区光热水条件适宜 ,天气气候对农业生产比较有利。月内 ,浙江、四川、重庆、新疆等地局地发生暴雨、洪涝或泥石流、滑坡灾害 ;中东部地区出现大雾天气 ,部分地区因雾引发多起交通事故 ,造成人员伤亡… 相似文献
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Dr. R. S. Pulwarty R. G. Barry C. M. Hurst K. Sellinger L. F. Mogollon 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1998,67(1-4):217-237
Summary Rainfall regimes are primarily unimodal in central and eastern Venezuela but bimodal (peaks in May–June and September-October-November with a minimum in July–August) in the northwest. There is a sharp transition across the Andes suggesting a topographic-circulation connection. However, a mid-summer minimum also occurs at other locations in Venezuela and Central America during individual years. This paper addresses the nature and control of the regimes including the role of large-scale circulation features and convection as indicated by outgoing longwave radiation data. Altitudinal characteristics of precipitation in the Andes and their spatial variability are also investigated. The development of the minimum within the rainy season annual cycle is shown to be related to the combined effects of the evolution of sea surface temperatures in the east Pacific warm pool and reinforced in the area of the Andes by enhanced easterlies during July and August.Abbreviations used in text ENSO
El Nino-Southern Oscillation
- EPWP
East Pacific Warm Pool
- ITCZ
Inter-tropical Convergence Zone
- MEI
Multivariate ENSO Index
- MSM
Mid-Summer Minimum
- NCEP
National Centers for Environmental Prediction
- OLR
Outgoing Longwave Radiation
- SOI
Southern Oscillation Index
- SST
Sea Surface Temperature
With 13 Figures 相似文献