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首先给出海面高的计算方法,并引入基于高斯滤波的粗差探测方法,有效地剔除了各弧段测高数据存在的粗差。通过对3颗卫星同步运行段测高数据的分析,得到3组数据在中国近海及邻域的平均偏差分别为:Jason-1相对T/P需改正-8.77 cm;Jason-2相对Jason-1需改正-7.33 cm,两者均小于其在全球海域的改正值。以T/P测高数据所得平均海平面为基础,利用改正后的Jason-1、Jason-2数据,得到该海域18年海平面异常时间序列,海平面平均上升速率约为4.9 mm/a。分别对中国近海各海域海平面异常时间序列进行分析,得到渤海、黄海、东海及南海的海平面平均上升速率分别为:2.5 mm/a、3.2 mm/a、3.6 mm/a和6.2 mm/a。将所得每周期离散正常点的观测数据格网化,然后逐格网计算海平面异常时间序列,得到研究海域18年来海平面异常平均上升速率的分布情况。结果表明,研究海域海平面上升速率高于全球平均水平。 相似文献
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针对现有验潮公开数据因时间范围及潮位沉降修正等影响,难以真实反映天津沿海相对海平面变化的问题,基于全球导航卫星系统（global navigation satellite system,GNSS）与验潮并置观测,设计了联合卫星测高和GNSS观测的天津沿海相对海平面变化分析方法。分析结果显示,1993—2018年期间,塘沽验潮站点的相对海平面上升速率约为13.45±0.45 mm/a;联合4个虚拟并置观测站,得到天津沿海不同区域的相对海平面上升速率在11.15～19.17 mm/a,平均上升速率15.09±0.45 mm/a。沿海地面沉降是天津相对海平面上升速率偏高的主要因素（贡献率大于70%）,受地面沉降非均匀空间分布的影响,海平面上升速率存在区域差异,塘沽验潮站难以代表整个天津沿海的相对海平面变化。 相似文献
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《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2021,(4)
近百年来,全球正经历着以变暖为显著特征的变化,海水增温膨胀、陆地冰川和极地冰盖融化等因素导致全球海平面持续上升。北极新奥尔松地区现保存有典型的极地原始生态系统,客观准确地分析该地区的海平面变化,可以更好地为该地区自然生态环境监测和保护以及气候变化研究等提供基础。联合利用卫星高度计、验潮站和全球卫星导航系统(global navigation satellite system,GNSS)观测资料分析新奥尔松地区的海平面变化的线性趋势和季节性规律,通过同时段资料(1993-2018年)的分析显示,该地区地壳呈上升趋势,上升速率为(8.09±0.19)mm/a;验潮站相对海平面呈下降趋势,下降速率为(-7.31±0.36)mm/a;利用地壳运动修正后的绝对海平面上升速率为(0.78±0.41)mm/a,低于全球同期水平,与卫星高度计观测的绝对海平面变化结果具有很好的一致性,二者相差(0.23±0.46)mm/a。在进行区域海平面变化分析时,可利用GNSS修正验潮站相对海平面获得该区域的绝对海平面变化。利用修正后的海平面资料分析结果显示,新奥尔松地区海平面变化具有明显的季节性规律,每年10月-11月为季节高海平面期,3月-4月为季节低海平面期。通过海表面温度与海平面的相关性分析认为,随着海表面温度变化,海平面也发生相应的变化。 相似文献
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利用GRACE、卫星测高和海洋实测温盐数据,探讨了2003~2012年间全球海平面、比容海平面和海水质量等的变化特征,并讨论了南极冰盖和格陵兰冰盖消融对全球海平面变化的影响。全球海平面整体呈上升趋势,上升速度为2.72±0.07 mm/a,且存在显著的空间分布特征。全球海平面、比容海平面和海水质量等的变化还具有显著的季节性特征,其中全球海平面变化的年周期振幅为4.6±0.3 mm。使用经验正交函数分析(EOF)得到全球海平面和比容海平面的季节性变化在南北半球存在显著的差异,但海水质量季节性变化不存在这种差异。南极冰盖和格陵兰冰盖的消融速率分别为-75.7±12.3 Gt/a和-124.1±2.9 Gt/a,对海平面的长期趋势项贡献分别为0.21±0.03 mm/a和0.34±0.01 mm/a,仅占全球海水质量增加速度1.80±0.10 mm/a的12%和19%,总计占31%,因此,两极冰盖质量消融并不是2003-2012年间海水质量增加的最主要因素。 相似文献
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近海海平面上升直接威胁人类生存,分析其成因不仅具有重要科学意义,而且能够为应对海平面上升提供相应策略。使用卫星测高、时变重力以及浮标观测研究2002—2020年近海300 km内海平面变化成因。由于时变重力在近海受到较为严重的泄漏误差影响,使用时变重力约束解模拟陆地质量变化对海洋质量的泄漏,其线性趋势约为0.68 mm/a。在季节和非季节尺度上,时变重力和浮标观测解释了卫星测高的结果,证明近海海平面平衡方程在季节和非季节时间尺度上能够被闭合。在长期变化趋势方面,卫星测高显示近海海平面上升速率为3.32±0.45 mm/a,而时变重力与浮标观测之和的速率为2.25±0.51 mm/a,两者之间存在约1 mm/a的速率差。鉴于该速率差高于估计的不确定度,认为当前在闭合近海海平面平衡方程长期趋势方面仍存在不小挑战,一方面近海比容实测数据较为稀少,很可能低估了长期趋势变化;另一方面,不完善的泄漏误差改正和陆地垂直运动改正也会影响近海海平面长期趋势变化。 相似文献
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卫星测高在开阔海域的回波信号符合Brown模型,其测距和求得的海面高精度较高。由于受多种因素的影响,在非开阔海域(如中国近海、南极海域等)求得的海面高精度偏低,限制了测高在这些区域的应用。本研究从波形理论出发,在系统分析不同类型反射面的波形重构算法基础上提出了基于波形分类的波形重构数据处理流程,探讨了适合不同反射面的波形重构算法;分别对南极Amery冰架近海、中国近海Envisat测高波形数据进行了重构处理;利用重构后的测高海平面变化数据,分析了中国近海海平面变化上升速率与周期特性;构建了神经网络模型对中国近海海域未来10~15年的海平面变化非线性趋势进行了预测。 相似文献
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我国近海1992-2006年海平面变化的小波分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
用14年多的多颗测高卫星同化海面异常数据,分析我国近海海平面信号变化特征,结果显示年周期信号在我国海域海平面变化中占有主导地位。其次,半年周期信号在南海也有较强显示,而黄海和东海则表示为高频信号,半年起伏及高频信号的周期和振幅均不稳定。首次在南海和东海海域发现存在一周期为准540 d的信号,其物理机制尚不明确。用标准Morlet小波变换方法对上述周期信号进行了提取。验潮站数据也证实了该信号的存在。海面异常分析结果显示在1993~2007年期间,我国海平面平均升高速率:黄海为(4.01±0.49)mm/a,东海为(4.61±0.35)mm/a,南海为(3.68±0.41)mm/a。海平面上升趋势地理分布结果显示海平面变化具有很大的空间差异性。 相似文献
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联合Jason-1与GRACE卫星数据研究全球海平面变化 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
海平面变化主要由海水质量变化和比容海平面变化组成。联合GRACE时变重力场与Jason-1卫星测高数据分别研究了全球平均海平面及其质量分量与比容分量的季节性变化(2002-09—2008-04),联合两种卫星数据所得平均海平面变化在周年振幅和相位上与WOA05海洋模型结果具有一致性。估算出研究时间段内全球平均海平面变化及其两个主要分量的长期性趋势,在超过6.5a的时间尺度上,全球平均海平面以+2.0±0.4mm/a的速率上升,其中海水质量变化分量的贡献为+1.4±0.4mm/a,比容变化分量的贡献为+0.5±0.3mm/a。 相似文献
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验潮站观测的海面高度数据是监测海平面变化以及确定平均海面的重要基础观测信息,利用滑动时段法和时段累积法对验潮站不同观测时段相对海平面变化速率的差异进行了分析,讨论了时段选择效应对计算相对海平面变化的影响,并利用美国东海岸验潮站观测数据对分析结果进行了补充实验.实验结果表明,不同观测时段相对海平面变化速率差异最大可达27... 相似文献
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文中以298个验潮站作为研究对象,采用广义高斯-马尔科夫模型(GGM)、自回归滑动平均模型(ARMA)以及分形自回归聚合滑动平均模型(ARFIMA)三种模型,对验潮站坐标时间序列噪声模型特性及海平面变化趋势进行估计分析,并探讨了时间跨度对验潮站速度估计的影响. 实验结果表明:验潮站坐标时间序列主要呈现为ARFIMA(1,0)、ARFIMA(2,2)、ARMA (1,0) 噪声特性;验潮站速度估计结果表明64.77%的站点速度值所处区间为0～4 mm/a,平均海平面速度为1.25 mm/a,整体处于上升趋势. 随着时间跨度的增加,验潮站坐标序列速度不确定度逐渐由发散趋于收敛,大于110 a的时间跨度有助于获取稳健的验潮站速度估计值. 相似文献
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G. Wöppelmann M. Marcos A. Coulomb B. Martín Míguez P. Bonnetain C. Boucher M. Gravelle B. Simon P. Tiphaneau 《Journal of Geodesy》2014,88(9):869-885
This paper describes the historical sea level data that we have rescued from a tide gauge, especially devised originally for geodesy. This gauge was installed in Marseille in 1884 with the primary objective of defining the origin of the height system in France. Hourly values for 1885–1988 have been digitized from the original tidal charts. They are supplemented by hourly values from an older tide gauge record (1849–1851) that was rediscovered during a survey in 2009. Both recovered data sets have been critically edited for errors and their reliability assessed. The hourly values are thoroughly analysed for the first time after their original recording. A consistent high-frequency time series is reported, increasing notably the length of one of the few European sea level records in the Mediterranean Sea spanning more than one hundred years. Changes in sea levels are examined, and previous results revisited with the extended time series. The rate of relative sea level change for the period 1849–2012 is estimated to have been \(1.08\pm 0.04\) mm/year at Marseille, a value that is slightly lower but in close agreement with the longest time series of Brest over the common period ( \(1.26\pm 0.04\) mm/year). The data from a permanent global positioning system station installed on the roof of the solid tide gauge building suggests a remarkable stability of the ground ( \(-0.04\pm 0.25\) mm/year) since 1998, confirming the choice made by our predecessor geodesists in the nineteenth century regarding this site selection. 相似文献
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我国近海平均海面及其变化的研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
建立了计算平均海面及其变化的动态抗差模型，并把它与计算平均海面的平均值法、抗差法和动态模型法作了实测数据的计算和比较，表明动态抗差模型不仅能顾及海面动态变化反应，而且能削弱海面异常变化的影响，其结果更稳定可靠，优于其他方法。最后应用动态抗差模型，计算了我国42个验潮站的平均海面及其变化，结果表明，从50年代到70提供，我国近海的海面平均以0．621mm/a的速率上升。 相似文献
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The establishment of a long-term stable global reference frame is important for studying sea level records for, e.g., climate-related studies. GPS stations connected to the tide gauge benchmarks provide the necessary technique. However, the analysis of existing GPS solutions showed inconsistencies within the time series especially for the height component. To solve related issues, in 2001 the IGS Tide Gauge Benchmark Monitoring Pilot Project was established. The aim is the processing and re-processing of GPS data of stations at or near tide gauges in order to provide homogeneous and high-quality estimates of the vertical motion. A second objective is the establishment, maintenance and expansion of existing network of GPS stations at tide gauges. During the recent years six different analysis centers have processed overlapping GPS at tide gauge networks and are providing individual solutions allowing now to provide a combined solution. The ansatz for the combination is explained and quality measures are given. In addition, on the basis of the reconstruction of sea level anomalies, the benefit of using the combined TIGA solution is demonstrated. 相似文献
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H. Bâki Iz 《Journal of Geodesy》2006,80(1):40-46
Although there are over 1,800 globally distributed tide gauge stations, only a few hundred of them are suitable for monitoring and analyzing global mean sea level (MSL) changes. This is because several tide gauge records span short periods of time and therefore their trend estimates are adversely affected by unmodeled systematic sea level changes such as seasonal, interannual, decadal variations. This limitation can be improved by using more elaborate models that account for systematic fluctuations in MSL for shorter time-series. In this study, analytic expressions were derived to analyze and quantify the epoch-by-epoch and lump-sum effects of these systematic changes to the local MSL trend estimates as a function of the time-series‘ lengths. The numerical results reveal that systematic MSL variations, particularly transient/episodic ones, if they are not properly modeled or omitted from the models, will bias the trend estimates for the tide gauge data series around the world by up to 0.6 mm/year for the 50-year time-series that are needed for more reliable inferences about global MSL. Random effects, which are not a factor in estimating MSL trends for the long-term (>50 years) time-series, need to be scrutinized together with the systematic errors for time-series shorter than 50 years. 相似文献
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Tide gauge measurements are used for a variety of scientific purposes, not least of which are the definition of vertical data
and the detection of long-term variations in mean sea level. GPS measurements at tide gauge sites provide a means of separating
local verticl motions from sea level rise, and a means of unifying vertical data in a single reference system. This paper
describes a GPS survey to determine the positions and heights of reference stations at South African tide gauge sites. The
data were processed in baseline mode using a commercial software package.
The heights of the tide gauge stations relative to the fixed ITRF reference station HRAO were determined at a precision of
around 3 cm – better than 0.1 ppm. Analysis of the error sources showes that use of the precise ephemeris contributed to a
substantial improvement in accuracy, as did the use of ionosphere-free fixed integer baseline solutions. Variations in the
antenna phase centers also contributed significant changes in height. ? 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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We examined the sensitivity of estimates of global sea-level rise obtained from GPS-corrected long term tide gauge records to uncertainties in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) realization. A useful transfer function was established, linking potential errors in the reference frame datum (origin and scale) to resulting errors in the estimate of global sea level rise. Contrary to scale errors that are propagated by a factor of 100%, the impact of errors in the origin depends on the network geometry. The geometry of the network analyzed here resulted in an error propagation factor of 50% for the Z component of the origin, mainly due to the asymmetry in the distribution of the stations between hemispheres. This factor decreased from 50% to less than 10% as the geometry of the network improved using realistic potential stations that did not yet meet the selection criteria (e.g., record length, data availability). Conversely, we explored new constraints on the reference frame by considering forward calculations involving tide gauge records. A reference frame could be found in which the scatter of the regional sea-level rates was limited. The resulting reference frame drifted by 1.36 ± 0.22? mm/year from the ITRF2000 origin in the Z component and by ?0.44 ± 0.22?mm/year from the ITRF2005 origin. A bound on the rate of global sea level rise of 1.2 to 1.6?mm/year was derived for the past century, depending on the origin of the adopted reference frame. The upper bound is slightly lower than previous estimates of 1.8?mm/year discussed in the IPCC fourth report. 相似文献