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1.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(5):275-284
Abstract Disadvantaged migrants to metropolitan areas are segregated by race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status within the residential areas of central city poverty neighborhoods. Whereas black migrants are generally restricted to ghetto space, regional cultural similarities and feedback in the social communication network are important to the residential location of lower class whites. The urban settlement patterns of a sample of recent disadvantaged white migrants to Indianapolis, Indiana, vary from the clusters of migrants from Appalachia and the South to the more dispersed pattern of migrants from Indiana, Illinois, and Ohio, and other metropolitan areas. The residential location of migrants from Appalachia and the South is geographically restricted by cultural constraints, and heavy reliance upon a limited network of friends and relatives in the housing search. However, the sociocultural resources of the Midwest group and the previous urban experience of metropolitan migrants increase the range of housing opportunities in Indianapolis that are available and known to them. 相似文献
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Manja H. Andreasen Jytte Agergaard Robert B. Kiunsi Ally H. Namangaya 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2017,117(2):93-104
AbstractUrban growth is a significant trend in Africa. Scholarly attention and urban planning efforts have focused disproportionately on the challenges of big cities, while small and medium-sized urban settlements are growing most rapidly and house the majority of urban residents. Small towns have received some attention, but very few studies have focused on secondary cities. This paper offers a study of urban transformations, migration and residential mobility patterns in Arusha, a rapidly growing secondary city of Tanzania. Arusha functions as a major attraction for migrants and in-migration is a central dynamic shaping transformation processes in central areas characterized by high population turnovers, vibrant rental markets and widespread landlordism. There is also a considerable degree of intra-urban residential mobility within and between central areas. Intra-urban residential mobility is the most important dynamic shaping transformation processes in peripheral areas characterized by long-term urban residents moving from central parts of the city as part of a process of establishing themselves as homeowners. Overall, the paper provides crucial insights on how migration and residential mobility patterns influence processes of urban growth and transformation in the context of large secondary city, and thereby contributes to fill a significant knowledge gap on secondary cities in Africa. 相似文献
3.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):458-466
This research tests the spatial mismatch hypothesis by comparing the employment probabilities of central city versus suburban African American males in nine metropolitan areas. Treatment effects models are used to control for the effects of both individual characteristics and residential self-selection on the probability of employment. A positive effect of suburban residential location on employment is found for the residents of Dallas, Los Angeles, New York, and Washington, while no effect is found for the residents of Cleveland, Houston. Jackson, Memphis, and Newark. The general conclusion to be drawn is that the spatial mismatch effect is contingent on the particular characteristics of each metropolitan area. Preliminary analysis shows that metropolitan areas with a spatial mismatch effect are large in terms of total population and total land area, and have less efficient transportation systems. 相似文献
4.
Aristide Yemmafouo Chrétien Ngouanet Romeo Keumo Songong Nicodème Djikeng Teufack Sophie Ariane Djuidje 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2017,117(2):105-116
AbstractThis study examines how migrant households relocate their homes in two Cameroonian cities over the course of lifetimes or even generations. The central claim is that homeownership is the ultimate sign of integration into city life. Using qualitative and quantitative research methods (218 interviews, 30 focus groups and a household survey, sample size 686), the study argues that three key factors explain why people move: the quality of housing they can affords, the proximity to a workplace and the potential for homeownership. Three residential model trajectories are identified. The first describes a journey from being a new migrant who is a guest of family or friends in the city centre to being a married family with kids owning a home in the urban periphery. The second model continues that journey by returning back to the city centre in pursuit of more convenient, high-status home location (if finances permit). A third model describes moves to sites all over the city later in life as older individuals seek to maximize family income in the way they use multiple properties. Understanding residential mobility patterns has the potential to lead to a better public policies and more effective private investments in the housing sector. 相似文献
5.
随着中国住房改革的推进,城市居民通过居住迁移进行住房调整的行为日趋频繁。居住迁移作为城市空间分异和重构的微观机制在城市地理学、住房研究中得到了广泛关注,然而现有研究主要考察居住迁移的发生概率和驱动因素,较少论及居住迁移中的区位选择。论文基于2018年“上海市居民住房和生活空间调查”问卷,采用生命历程和时间地理学视角,刻画居民居住迁移的时空轨迹,并使用多项逻辑斯蒂回归模型探究居住迁移前后居住区位变化的影响因素。研究发现,上海市居民居住迁移的主要区位选择为跨环线向外迁移,但不同世代、不同户口、不同住房产权的居民的居住区位选择有较大差异。生命历程中的年龄、可达性中的工作单位区位以及住房属性中的产权性质都是影响居住迁移区位选择的重要因素。 相似文献
6.
Will Poppe 《Urban geography》2013,34(2):218-241
Abstract This article explores the patterns of residential mobility and homeownership, and in particular the meanings that former refugees attach to housing and neighborhood. While there are numerous studies on housing among voluntary migrants, studies that focus exclusively on refugees are rare. This multi-method study is based on interviews and a questionnaire survey with participants from Burma and the African Great Lakes Region in Buffalo, New York, who had arrived in the United States since 1995. Residential mobility patterns and meanings of housing indicate substantial differences between households in the two groups. The central argument of the paper is that the patterns and the meanings of housing are shaped by: (1) current socio-economic characteristics and resources, including educational attainment, employment status, and income; (2) current housing market conditions, including housing prices and racial discrimination; and (3) pre-migration experiences, including socio-economic status, socialization, and the corresponding internalized structures of meanings with respect to residential and housing patterns. 相似文献
7.
Background and purposeTerrorism is a real and present danger. The build-up to an attack includes planning, travel, and reconnaissance which necessarily require the offender to move through their environment. Whilst research has examined patterns of terrorist attack locations, with a few exceptions (e.g. Rossmo & Harries, 2011), it has not examined the spatial behavior of the terrorists themselves. In this paper, we investigate whether the spatial mobility patterns of terrorists resemble those of criminals (and the wider population) and if these change in the run up to their attacks.MethodUsing mobile phone data records for the ringleaders of four different UK-based terrorist plots in the months leading up to their attacks, we examine the frequency with which terrorists visit different locations, how far they travel from key anchor points such as their home, the distance between sequential cell-site hits and how their range of movement varies as the planned time to attack approaches.ConclusionsLike the wider population (and criminals), the sample of terrorists examined exhibited predictable patterns of spatial behavior. Most movements were close to their home location or safe house, and they visited a relatively small number of locations most of the time. Disaggregating these patterns over time provided mixed evidence regarding the way in which their spatial activity changed as the time to the planned attack approached. The findings are interpreted in terms of how they inform criminological understanding of the spatial behavior of terrorists, and the implications for law enforcement. 相似文献
8.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(3):15-25
Abstract Past studies have suggested that white attitudes toward mixed-race neighborhoods in northern metropolises vary spatially. Nonetheless, conflicting hypotheses exist in regard to the nature of these spatial patterns and explanations for them. Data gathered within the Kalamazoo Urbanized Area indicate that white attitudes are significantly related to both: 1) the level of interaction between whites and blacks, and 2) the distance between residence and the Negro neighborhood. Attitudes tend to be more favorable with higher interaction levels, and they tend to be less favorable as distance from the Negro neighborhood increases. When control is made for interaction, the relationship between attitude and distance is greatly weakened, indicating that interaction is the dominant variable. That does not eliminate the spatial component, however, because the racial interaction patterns in Kalamazoo are strongly related to distance from the black residential areas. 相似文献
9.
加拿大城市住户居住选址行为研究──以多伦多都市普查区和蒙特利尔都市普查区为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文以多伦多都市普查区和蒙特别尔都市普查区为研究区域，通过剖析城市地域内部五个圈层（CBD、内城区、成熟郊区、新郊区和远郊区）居住人口的分布现状，分析不同社会经济阶层的住户居住选址的基本倾向，考察居住选址行为与住宅类型的空间分布和居住区位要素制约关系。分析表明：中等经济收入和文化程度、有未成年子女的家庭倾向于居住在城市边缘地区；经济收入、文化程度较低和较高的青年单身、无子女夫妻住户和老年住户倾向于居住在城市中心区；城市内部的居住迁移主要迁往城市外围地区，外来居民（包括国内和国外）倾向集居在城市中心区。居住选址行为是受住宅空间分布差异和居住区位条件的交互制约。一定社会经济结构的住户是从各类住宅和居住区位的各种构成要素的优化配置中选择居住定位。 相似文献
10.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):344-357
The study focuses on residential mobility propensities of Vietnamese immigrants in the city of Brisbane, Australia, as a principal force contributing to the persistence or change of ethnic residential segregation over time. Using 1990 survey data, discrete-time logit models are estimated to assess the effects of locational, contextual, and personal characteristics on the likelihood of changing residence within the city. The results indicate that locational variables operate in such a way that the most dominant Vietnamese neighborhood in Brisbane increases its prominence even further, while secondary Vietnamese clusters are likely to weaken. The results also indicate that initial settlement conditions are important for the first move only, whereas personal attributes contribute to variations in mobility propensities primarily in the second move. This implies that the composition of the immigrant population potentially influences the speed at which changes in ethnic residential patterns will occur in urban areas. 相似文献
11.
Hannah Bouchillon Norman S. Levine Patricia A. Fair 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(8):1552-1566
ABSTRACT The Charleston Estuarine System Stock (CESS) of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) has been the focus of population monitoring for the past 20 years. Photo-id studies have determined abundance and survival estimates for this population, which exhibits high site fidelity in this area. However, fine-scale distribution, utilization patterns, and the driving forces behind these patterns are lacking. Using historical photo-id data and a novel application of geographic information system (GIS) analysis, the present study identified core use areas within Charleston Harbor, as well as patterns specific to sexes and seasons. Photo-id data of 319 dolphins sighted 11 times or more during 2004–2009 were analyzed. Heat maps were developed to examine spatial distributions using kernel density estimates (KDE) and were compared between sexes and seasons. Multiple high-density core use areas were identified for this population, with the most noteworthy near the mouth of the harbor toward the Atlantic Ocean. Fine-scale distribution varied across sexes, as well as seasons. Some areas were identified as more specifically inhabited by one sex, while other areas overlapped between sexes. Females were more tightly concentrated within their distribution while males were more dispersed. Although population distribution varied across seasons, sex distributions remained. 相似文献
12.
铁大城市人口分布特点及变动趋势研究－以东京为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地理学界一直关注对城市空间结构的解释，如城市地区居住和非居住活动的分布区位和密度，以及它们的空间联系。本文以东京为例，对特大城市的人口分布及其变动趋势作了较全面的分析，主要包括：（1）人口数量变动及其分布；（2）人口结构变动及其分布、（3）主要相关因素。 相似文献
13.
基于多智能体的城市人口分布模型 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
人口是城市发展中最为活跃的因素,快速增长的人口给城市安全、经济和生态环境带来了深远的影响,获取不同尺度的高精度人口空间分布信息对于城市安全管理、提高资源环境的综合管理能力具有非常重要的意义。针对常用的城市人口空间分布模拟方法存在的不足,构建了基于多智能体的城市人口分布模型,模型由影响要素、智能体、决策规则等组成。在两个不同尺度区域进行了模型应用实验,并以重力模型进行了对比分析。实验结果表明,与重力模型相比,此模型所模拟的结果具有更高的精度,且接近于实际的人口空间分布,为城市人口分布模拟提供了新的思路。 相似文献
14.
广州市商业型健身房空间分布及其影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以百度地图网页上采集的POI数据和第六次人口普查数据为基础,借助ArcGIS 10.2和Geoda软件,通过核密度分析、方向分布分析、缓冲区分析、近邻分析和空间自相关等方法,对广州市商业型健身房的空间分布特征进行研究,结果表明：广州市商业型健身房在空间分布上呈现“中心圈层＋外围组团”结构,存在空间集聚现象以及沿城市干道和地铁站分布指向性不明显而呈现临近住宅小区分布指向性。在广州市商业型健身房空间分布的影响因素方面,经过模型比较,选择空间滞后模型对其进行定量分析,结果表明：人口规模与受教育水平对广州市商业型健身房的空间布局影响显著,而区位因素和社区环境影响力较小。 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):14-28
This paper investigates the role of housing age in constraining residential mobility, measured as the percent of households that have moved into their homes in the past 15 months. The leading explanation for why mobility rates differ so much among regions of the United States has been the overall level of growth. The present analysis shows that the growth effect operates through both the newness of population (migration) and the newness of housing available for occupancy by all local residents. The posited explanation for this housing age effect is that progressively older units contain increasingly settled occupants, yielding fewer opportunities for in-movers in areas with older housing. It is empirically demonstrated that households in older housing have lower likelihood of recent mobility even after controlling for age, tenure, migration status, and state location of residence. The analysis reveals the temporal interdependency of mobility, migration, person age, and housing age. 相似文献
18.
校外托餐场所作为新型教育辅助设施,主要为中小学生提供餐食休息服务,已逐渐成为学生在家和学校之外的第三活动空间,值得从空间视角深入探究。论文以西安市雁塔区为研究区,基于校外托餐场所及相关兴趣点(point of interest,POI)数据,综合运用空间分析、数理统计、实地调研方法,解析校外托餐场所的基本功能、布局选址特征及其影响因素。研究发现：① 校外托餐场所主要服务对象为低年级义务教育阶段具有儿童托管需求的家庭,具有育儿辅助和儿童“中转”“寄存”功能,服务类型包括学生托管、餐饮起居、作业辅导等;② 空间上多分布在雁塔区中部与北部,呈“东—西”走向,与城区空间形态和各街道发展状况相契合,主要开设在传统中多层小区、高层公寓式小区与单位家属院内,集中于1~5层的低楼层;③ 区域人口、教育环境、投资成本和空间位置影响其布局选址,其中中小学数量与分布、小区数量与分布、距中心城区距离影响较为显著。最后,结合需求群体,从城区、街道、门店3个尺度,系统梳理了影响因素,并结合“双减”政策对今后的研究方向进行了展望。 相似文献
19.
本文以日本京都市为研究对象，分析京都市1990年至1997年人口变化持域差异。一般地，城市中心地带人口呈减少趋势，城市外围地带人口呈增长趋势，但是，与城市中心区的一般发展规律相异，位于京都市中心地带、老城区的光德学区，人口社会变化、自然变化都呈现上升的趋势，优越的区位条件，良好的居住环境、适当的住宅类型、相应的居住人群使光德学区具有居住可能性。 相似文献
20.
Dr Helen Mounsey 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(5):451-454
Abstract This is the second of two papers which elaborates a framework for embedding urban models within GIS. In the first paper (Batty and Xie 1994), we outlined how the display functions of a proprietary GIS could be used to organize a series of external software modules which contained the central elements of the modelling process, namely dataset selection and analysis, and model specification, calibration, and prediction. In that paper, we dwelt on display and data analysis functions whereas here we outline the model-based functions of the system. We begin by reviewing residential location models based on population density theory, stating continuous and discrete model forms, and calibration methods. We then illustrate a pass through the software using data for the Buffalo urban region, showing how observed data and model estimates can be evaluated through graphic display. We present ways in which the system can be used to explore and fit a variety of models to different zoning systems and in so doing, show how subset selection and aggregation can be used to find models with good fit. Finally we draw conclusions and outline an agenda for further research. 相似文献