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1.
Abstract

The landscape diversity of California provides abundant opportunity for the geographical investigation of physical and cultural problems. Air pollution has been one major environmental problem long identified in California. With relatively rapid population growth and urban development over the 1940 to 1970 period, the problem seems to have intensified. The map of air quality prepared by Middleton provided an initial geographical portrayal of the problem of air quality in California and gave particular attention to the existence of several centers of relatively high air pollution concentration (Figure 1).1

The purpose of the following will be to discuss the distribution of air pollution in California through (1) the introduction of a method of measurement of the distribution of air quality, and (2) the explanation of the distribution interms of a spatial interaction model of air quality.  相似文献   

2.

Primary individuals and the households that they head now compose a significant proportion of US households. This paper examines the regional and intraurban distribution of primary households. Macro-scale data from the 1960 and 1970 Censuses are used to examine the evolving regional patterns of primary individuals and households. Using intraurban data for the 1970's, the paper also examines the impact of recent rapid growth in the number of primary individuals on the spatial distribution of primary households within urban areas. Inferences are drawn with respect to the macro- and micro-scale distributions of primary individuals and households and the impact of continued growth of this subpopulation on urban form and population distribution.  相似文献   

3.
The literature on shrinking cities has significantly grown in recent years. Little work, however, has been done toward the development of a shrinking city typology, which could help inform solutions and strategies to address problems associated with population loss. With a focus on central cities, this article identifies 367 shrinking cities within the United States and categorizes them using a geographic information system to identify seven types of shrinking cities in the United States: (1) large shrinking central cities, (2) inner-ring suburbs of shrinking central cities, (3) outer-ring suburbs of shrinking central cities, (4) inner-ring suburbs of growing central cities, (5) outer-ring suburbs of growing central cities, (6) small shrinking central cities in small Metropolitan Statistical Areas, and (7) small shrinking cities in small Micropolitan Statistical Areas. The empirically generated clusters, combined with associated social and demographic information, identify separate but sometimes interrelated shrinking city types and provide a new perspective for addressing the problems faced by U.S. shrinking cities. Key Words: population decline, shrinking cities, typology, urban population.  相似文献   

4.

This paper examines historical and spatial trends in hazardous materials transportation spills from 1971 to 1991. While the number of spills Inc.reased steadily during the 1970s, peaking in 1978–1979, there has been a decline in frequency sInc.e then largely due to modifications in reporting. Monetary damages have the opposite temporal pattern, with major Inc.reases recorded from 1982 onward. Death and injury statistics are more variable. Spatially, accidents are more prevalent in the Rust Belt extending from the Northeast corridor westward to the Great Lakes states, as well as in the Southeast. The greatest potential risk to the public is found in smaller, more densely populated industrial states such as New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland. The spatial distribution, however, has not changed. Potential risk sources (e.g., chemical industry, number of hazardous waste facilities, number of railroad miles) are the best predictors of hazmat Inc.ident frequency. Mitigation efforts (statewide regulatory and/or management policies) also help explain the variability in hazmat Inc.idents.  相似文献   

5.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(3):112-116
Abstract

This map contest is an exercise in geographic education for fourth grade students. It is sponsored by a grassroots, nonprofit environmental organization to raise the awareness and appreciation of students to the special features of their home region. The maps illustrate some aspect of the living resources or history of the region. As a case study of the map contest, this paper describes its design, publicity, appeal to teachers, judging of entries, and role of volunteers. It considers the research on map skills among young students and ways in which the contest supports geographic education.  相似文献   

6.
Abstract

This paper is concerned with the underlying rationale behind the High School Geography Project. Despite obvious sales success, the purpose and validity of the High School Geography Project objectives are closely examined. The selection and sequence of concepts are analyzed in terms of their academic, commercial and political expediency. The writer, a visiting academic on study leave from Australia, provides an outsider's interpretation of the strengths and weaknesses of H.S.G.P.  相似文献   

7.
Volume 111 Index     
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(6):264-265
Abstract

Concepts related to alternative map projections can be difficult to explain to students given the diversity and complexity of available projections. Students frequently have trouble understanding how distortions caused by the choice of a projection can affect map readability and comprehension. Programs available for personal computers now provide geography and cartography instructors with a method for interactively educating students concerning the distortions associated with alternative map projections. Such software can be incorporated into laboratory assignments in introductory geography courses or in more advanced courses that deal with map design or thematic cartography.  相似文献   

8.
ABSTRACT

Global enthusiasm for nature in cities is at high point. Australia is no exception, where there is a great deal of policy momentum and research interest in urban greening. The challenges presented by increasing urban heat associated with climate change, greater awareness of the potential social, physical and psychological benefits of exposure to ecologies for people, and recognition of cities as vital habitats for more-than-humans are central tenants of urban greening enthusiasm. Yet, there is a need for a more critical lens on urban greening in Australia. One that interrogates the purported normative, apolitical and instrumental benefits of greening, to position greening within a trajectory of the power relations, settler-colonialism, socio-ecological processes and capital flows that constitute the urban. This editorial introducing the special issue on urban greening politics explores how different conceptions of urban natures – green space, urban forestry and green infrastructure – have been put to work, before outlining the potential of ‘urban greening’ as the terminology for a more politically sensitive and process-orientated framing. The editorial concludes with a summary of the contributions to the special issue.  相似文献   

9.
This article analyzes how far U.S. companies locate subsidiaries in need of highly skilled staff in state locations in Germany that have a high ranking of creativity. Such locations should provide an especially attractive location for certain “creative” staff, which should be of special interest to U.S. companies in need of highly skilled staff. Analyzing U.S. companies that were established since the year 2000 and with more than fifty staff, we find support for our propositions that nonmanufacturing and organizationally higher rank subsidiaries with a need for urban infrastructure and connectedness are located in creative states in Germany.  相似文献   

10.
ABSTRACT

Taking up experiments in “civic innovation” as windows into the making of new urban worlds, I attempt in this essay to map out the parameters of a novel framework for municipal rule and account for the conditions underlying its ascendance in San Francisco, CA. I explore how productions of urban space and nature today serve as the means and objects of an emerging mode of government premised on yoking all forms of urban activity to the dictates of innovation. When proponents of civic innovation pursue particular forms of intervention in the built environment to constitute urban subjects as human capital, they imbibe, reproduce, and enact normative notions about the nature of the city as a problem to manage. Though the project of civic innovation is neither complete nor inevitable, the political vision animating it entails the subsumption of urban life as such within a rubric of decision making modeled on the market.  相似文献   

11.
Roger Keil 《Urban geography》2013,34(10):1589-1602
ABSTRACT

This paper offers reflections on a body of work that has been produced under the label of “planetary urbanization”. This term has its roots in speculative work by French writer Henri Lefebvre in the late 1960s and early 1970s and has recently been popularized by a new generation of critical urban theorists. In this commentary, I propose that Lefebvre’s idea of planetary urbanization (and the aligned concepts “complete urbanization” and “urban society”) offer a way to think productively about post-capitalist possibilities. Making reference to early writings by Marx and Engels about communism and the end of human pre-history, I argue that planetary urbanization presents a terrain for liberation from the constraints of capitalist histories. Given that this terrain is currently defined by the domains of neoliberalism and climate change a new politics is necessary to unlock the possibilities of urban society.  相似文献   

12.
In this article we explore the relationships between urban form and air pollution among 86 U.S. metropolitan areas. Urban form was quantified using preexisting sprawl indexes and spatial metrics applied to remotely sensed land cover data. Air pollution data included the nonpoint source emission of the ozone (O3) precursors nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the concentration of O3, the concentration and nonpoint source emission of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) from on-road sources. Metropolitan areas that exhibited higher levels of urban sprawl, or sprawl-like urban morphologies, generally exhibited higher concentrations and emissions of air pollution and CO2 when controlling for population, land area, and climate.  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT

Some have heralded a resurgence of urban living in the U.S., particularly among young adults. Are Americans abandoning suburbs in favor of more urban lifestyles? What is the scope and scale of this urban resurgence? We develop a typology of neighborhoods to analyze the residential location of young and older U.S. adults from 2000 to 2011–15. Census and national travel survey data reveal that suburban population growth continues to outpace that in urban neighborhoods. Although young adults are more likely than older adults to live in urban neighborhoods, recent urban population growth is neither associated with suburban decline, nor being led by young adults. Significant recent population growth in the newest, suburban neighborhoods suggests that greenfield development remains the primary means to increase American housing supply. Shifting metropolitan growth from the suburban fringe would likely require expanding housing supply in urban neighborhoods, and bringing urban amenities to established inner-ring suburbs.  相似文献   

14.
ABSTRACT

In recent decades, urban policymakers have increasingly embraced the selling of naming rights as a means of generating revenue to construct and maintain urban infrastructure. This practice of “toponymic commodification” first emerged with the commercialization of professional sports during the second half of the 20th century and has become an integral part of the policy toolkit of neoliberal urbanism more generally. As a result, the naming of everything from sports arenas to public transit stations has come to be viewed as a sponsorship opportunity, yet such naming rights initiatives have not gone uncontested. This special issue examines the political economy of urban place naming through a series of case studies that consider how the commodification of naming rights is transforming the cultural landscapes of contemporary cities. In this introductory article, we provide an overview of the geographies of toponymic commodification as an emerging research focus within the field of critical urban toponymies and propose several theoretical approaches that can enhance our understanding of the commodification of naming rights as an urban spatial practice. We then discuss the main contributions in this special issue and conclude by exploring potential directions for future research on the geographies of urban toponymic commodification.  相似文献   

15.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(7):445-446
Abstract

Paul F. Griffin, editor. GEOGRAPHY OF POPULATION. A TEACHER'S MANUAL. The 1970 Yearbook of The National Council for Geographic Education. Palo Alto, Calif.: Fearon Publishers, 1969. xiv + 370 pages, maps and charts. $9.50.

George W. Goddard (with DeWitt S. Copp). OVERVIEW, A LIFELONG ADVENTURE IN AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY. Garden City, New York: Doubleday &; Company, 1969. Photographs, index. 402 pages. $8.95.

Ronald U. Cooke and James H. Johnson, editors. TRENDS IN GEOGRAPHY, AN INTRODUCTORY SURVEY. Oxford and New York. The Pergamon Press, Ltd., 1969. xi + 287 pages. $6.25; flexicover, $4.00.

Robert E. Dickinson. THE MAKERS OF MODERN GEOGRAPHY. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, Publishers, 1969. Preface, indexes, photographs. 305 pages. $7.50.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

American geographers have tended to ignore the effects of war upon the economic development of the United States. Using the values of real and personal property given in the U.S. Censuses between 1850 and 1890, the impact of the Civil War and the duration of that impact can be measured relatively. The Civil War not only destroyed the capital resources of the South, but also appears to have led to the predominance of New York City in American economic life.  相似文献   

17.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(7):295-298
Abstract

Paul E. Lydolph. Geography of the U.S.S.R. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 19G4. 451 pages. $10.95.

C. L. White, E. J. Foscue, and T. L. McKnight. Regional Geography of Anglo-America (third edition). Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1964, 506 pages with table of contents and index. $8.95.

K. J. Collins and D. D. Harris. A Regional Geography of Victoria. Whitcombe and Tombs Pty., Ltd., Melbourne, 1964. 164 pages with table of contents and index. About $3.50.

Paul W. Copeland. The Land and People of Syria. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1964. 157 pages; photographs, one map, table of contents anl index, $2.93.

David W. Lantis, Rodney Steiner and Arthur E. Karinen. California: Land of Contrast. Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, Calif., 1963. xvii and 509 pages with maps, illustrations, appendices, bibliography and index. $11.25.

Askell and Doris Löve (editors). North Atlantic Biota and their History. The Macmillan Company, New York, 1963. xii plus 430 pages. $15.00.

John H. Hodgson. Earthquakes and Earth Structure. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1964. 166 pages with table of contents, index and 91 illustrations (including diagrams, maps and photographs). $3.95.

Thomas R. Ford. Health and Demography in Kentucky. University of Kentucky Press, Lexington, Ky., 1964. vii and 150 pages. $3.50.

Hiram Martin Chittenden. The Yellowstone National Park. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma, 1964.

L. P. Smith. Weather Studies. The Macmillan Company, 60 Fifth Ave., New York 11, N.Y., 1963. 100 pages with table of contents, tables, graphs and 4 pages of plates. $2.45 (paperback).

Editors of Scholastic Magazines. Map Skills Project Book I and Book II. Scholastic Book Services, New York, 1964. Maps and drawings by David Lockhart; 32 pages in each book. $0.25 each.  相似文献   

18.
Locational Factors in the New Textile Industry: Focus on the U.S. South   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(4-5):193-203
Abstract

After a brief examination of the geographic shift in the U.S. textile industry from New England to the South in the early twentieth century, this article focuses on the location of contemporary textile mills, which continue to be heavily concentrated in the U.S. South. The industry is analyzed cartographically by types of mills and number of mill workers. The new dynamics of the industry are expressed through modern corporate management strategies that recognize increased integration between manufacturing and markets, especially apparel and home furnishings retailing. Electronic technology, substituted for traditional low-cost labor, has led to the growing importance of localization economies in accounting for the spatial concentration of the industry in the core state of North Carolina and its extensions along the Piedmont into Alabama to the south and Virginia to the north. Economies of scope, flexible production, and quality output characterize the contemporary U.S. textile industry, which operates under increased global competition.  相似文献   

19.
Media Review     
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(7):444-445
Abstract

Gerald Manners. THE CHANGING WORLD MARKET FOR IRON ORE, 1950-1980 An ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY. Baltimore, Md.: Published for the Resources for the Future, Inc., by the Johns Hopkins Press, 1971. 384 pages. Cloth, $1 4.00.

William H. Eddy, Jr., Gonzalo S. Leon, and Robert C. Milne. CONSIDER THE PROCESS OF LIVING. Washington, D.C.: The Conservation Foundation, 1972. 130 pp. Paper, $5.95.

Maurice E. McGaugh. A GEOGRAPHY OF POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT. Dubuque, Iowa: William C. Brown Company Publishers, 1970. 131 pages. Paper, $1.95.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

Alan R. H. Baker, John D. Hamshere, John Langton (eds.). GEOGRAPHICAL INTERPRETATIONS OF HISTORICAL SOURCES. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1970. Preface, index, maps. 452 pages. Cloth, $13.00.

Amry Vandenbosch. SOUTH AFRICA AND THE WORLD. Lexington: The University Kentucky Press, 1970. Preface, table of contents, index. 301 pages. Cloth, $8.50.

World Book Science Annual. SCIENCE YEAR 1971 Chicago: Field Enterprises Educational Corporation, 1970. Preface, table of contents, index, diagrams, photographs (many in color). 442 pages. Cloth, n.p.

Wilbur Zelinsky, Leszek A. Kosinski, R. Man-sell Prothero (eds.). GEOGRAPHY AND A CROWDING WORLD. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970. Preface, introduction, epilogue, glossary, index, tables and maps, bibliographies. 601 pages. Cloth, $10.95.  相似文献   

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