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1.
为了研究混凝土重力坝在地震动荷载作用下的潜在失效模式,以金安桥碾压混凝土重力坝5号非溢流坝段为例,运用粘弹性边界法和流固耦合法建立了反映重力坝在地震动作用下动力响应特征的坝体-地基-库水抗震分析模型。基于增量动力分析（IDA）法:绘制了以相对位移转角为x轴（损伤指标,DM）和峰值地面加速度为y轴（强度指标,IM）的IDA曲线簇;分析了金安桥大坝在极端荷载作用下的潜在失效模式和其在不同峰值地面加速度下重力坝的损伤破坏过程。结果表明:金安桥大坝在地震动荷载作用下,可能发生功能失效的地方多出现在坝体折坡处、碾压分区交界处、坝踵与坝基交界处、廊道顶等应力集中处。因此,加强对这些区域的抗震防护有利于提高大坝整体的抗震水平。 相似文献
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乐昌峡大坝位于广东省韶关市乐昌市境内,建造时按照Ⅴ度区进行抗震设计,随着2016年第五代地震动参数区划图的实施,该区设防烈度提高为Ⅵ度,大坝在Ⅵ度地震影响下是否安全需要进行分析.利用图纸资料建立了大坝的三维有限元模型,计算分析了多水位下特征坝段的频率和大坝的地震响应,结果表明:溢流坝段的频率小于两岸挡水坝段.地震作用下,大坝位移最大值出现在坝顶处,应力最大处出现在闸墩、牛腿及坝踵处,但均处于安全范围,证明大坝抗震性能良好;库水水位会显著影响大坝的频率及地震响应,在抗震设计时,应引起注意. 相似文献
3.
在大坝地震响应分析中如何考虑淤砂层,以及淤砂层对大坝的地震响应影响如何,是目前混凝土坝抗震分析和设计中需要进一步研究的问题。将库水-淤砂层-坝体-坝基动力相互作用当做波动散射问题,采用广义饱和多孔介质统一计算框架分析库水(流体)、淤砂层(饱和多孔介质)、坝体与坝基(固体)间的耦合。研究了一种考虑库水可压缩性与淤砂层影响的库水-淤砂层-坝体-坝基动力相互作用的高效分析方法,并通过自编程序实现了该方法。以Koyna重力坝为对象,以脉冲P波和SV波为输入,给出了库水-坝体-坝基体系不同时刻的波场快照,分析了其波场特征。设计了不同淤砂层厚度的4种工况,对比分析了4种工况下坝体的位移、加速度和最大应力,研究结果表明：库底淤砂层对坝体位移影响很小,但对坝体各点加速度和最大应力有减小作用,并且随着淤砂层厚度的增加,作用会增强。 相似文献
4.
本文通过成层状地基地震动输入计算方法得到覆盖层边界自由场运动,采用粘弹性边界,考虑地基辐射阻尼效应及坝体和地基的接触非线性,针对强震区深厚覆盖层场地重力坝开展线性和非线性动力时程分析研究,结合需求能力比DCR评估其抗震性能。由线弹性动力时程分析可知,在运行基准地震OBE作用下,重力坝坝体应力均在允许范围内,其抗滑稳定安全系数不能满足要求;由非线性动力分析可知,在OBE和最大设计地震MDE作用下,重力坝发生较大滑动位移。通过在重力坝坝体下游坝后回填土加强重力坝抗震稳定性,结果表明,下游坝后回填土可有效减小坝体滑动位移,加强其抗震稳定性。本文针对深厚覆盖层场地重力坝开展的抗震安全研究为抗震设计提供了科学依据,为强震区深厚覆盖层场地重力坝的抗震分析提供参考。 相似文献
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6.
如何提高混凝土重力坝薄弱位置的抗震性能是国内外大坝抗震研究的热点问题。本文基于等价静力非线性方法,采用考虑混凝土细观非均匀特性的混凝土损伤模型,研究FRP片材表面加固大坝薄弱位置的抗震有效性。以2座不同形态的混凝土重力坝A、B为例,分别进行坝踵FRP片材表面加固研究和折坡处FRP片材表面加固研究,分析加固前后坝体的应力状态、裂缝扩展情况和破坏形态。数值模拟结果表明：坝踵处采用FRP片材加固可以很好地增强坝体的抗震性能,有效地抑制裂缝的产生和发展;折坡处采用FRP片材加固在一定程度上可以提高坝体的抗震性能,下游坝身加固与否对提高大坝的抗震性能影响不大。 相似文献
7.
针对我国西部水利工程结构面临的地震安全问题，特别是混凝土高拱坝的抗震安全设计，以小湾水电站混凝土高拱坝为研究对象，进行了库水-淤砂层-坝体-坝基体系的耦合动力分析，同时考虑了复杂的坝基地形、正常蓄水位的库水以及常年运行而堆积的淤沙层的影响。主要内容有：(1)基于传递矩阵法及二维有限元，实现了复杂峡谷地形的自由场计算；(2)基于水-饱和多孔介质-固体的统一计算框架，实现了库水-淤沙层-坝体-坝基体系的三维地震响应分析算法。最后，分别以脉冲波和地震波作为输入，探讨了小湾拱坝的地震响应规律及库水淤沙层对拱坝地震响应的影响。结果表明：坝体顶部中心区域会承受较大的拉、压应力；而库水底部淤砂层对坝体的位移及应力影响并不显著。 相似文献
8.
带裂缝重力坝并缝效果研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
运用有限元混合法，研究了带缝重力坝的应力和变形性态，详细讨论了带缝重力坝的并缝问题，发现并缝对改善带缝坝体的受力状态效果明显，特别是自缝顶沿缝深度实施多点并缝，其水平位移基本接近于整体呗，并缝后坝体的控制应力由缝底转换到缝顶。控制应力特别是拉应力明显减小，但并缝导致缝顶应力集中，需要在缝顶周围采用高强混凝土，同时并缝的作用是有限的，它只能作为带缝坝补救措施，而不能取代灌浆。 相似文献
9.
基于黏弹性人工边界与相应地震动输入方法,推导了任意角度下三维SV波斜入射时的等效节点荷载,构建了考虑地震波斜入射的三维黏弹性静-动力统一人工边界,探究了三维情况下混凝土拱坝在地震波斜入射时的地震动响应,应用于Nam Ngum 5重力拱坝-库水-地基系统的地震响应分析中。研究结果表明：当SV波斜入射角度逐渐增大时,坝体关键点的顺河向位移、主应力以及动水压力峰值均呈现逐渐增大的趋势,横河向位移呈现逐渐减小的趋势;其中25°与0°入射相比,坝顶点顺河向位移从0增加至0.15 m,横河向位移影响较小仅减小0.011 m;坝踵点、坝趾点主应力与斜入射角度存在明显差异,当入射角度为25°时,主拉应力与主压应力峰值相较于垂直入射分别增加了1.41 MPa与3 MPa;坝踵处动水压力峰值也在入射角度为25°时达到最大为0.33 MPa与-0.29 MPa;需要在类似实际工程设计中应考虑地震波斜入射的影响。 相似文献
10.
《地震工程与工程振动》2016,(5)
针对高烈度区混凝土拱坝的抗震性能评价及震后风险应急评估问题,从震后受损坝体的安全性能的角度开展了研究。通过非线性数值分析方法针对不同强度地震动作用下受损坝体的水压力超载安全性能进行了分析,讨论了震后受损坝体在水压力超载下的位移变化规律,并提出了坝面损伤面积比及坝体损伤体积比两个新的指标,用于分析拱坝震后的坝体安全性。计算结果表明,拱坝体型和受力形式使坝体具有优良的抗震性能,能够经受强震的作用,损伤坝体在震后可以保证承受水压力安全,所提出的坝体损伤累积面积比和损伤累积体积比指标不仅可以反映拱坝抗震性能的演化规律,而且可以反映震后损伤坝体的承载安全,与传统的拱坝抗震性能评价指标相比,更适合作为拱坝安全性能的评价指标。 相似文献
11.
Panos Dakoulas 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2012,34(1):11-24
The seismic behavior of tall concrete face rockfill dams in narrow canyons is investigated, based on numerical simulation of the staged construction, creep settlements, reservoir impoundment and seismic shaking of the dam. The study takes into account the flexibility of the canyon rock, the hydrodynamic effects and potential dynamic rockfill settlements. The static analysis uses a hyperbolic model for the rockfill, whereas the dynamic analysis uses a nonlinear hysteretic model, which accounts for the initial dynamic stiffness and produces hysteresis loops in agreement with the experimental data regarding the shear modulus and damping ratio. A damage plasticity model is used for the reinforced concrete, whereas frictional contact behavior is considered at the base and vertical walls of the concrete slab panels. An existing 150-m-high dam is used to investigate some key issues on the seismic behavior of such dams subjected to upstream−downstream and vertical excitation. Emphasis is placed on the evaluation of the tensile stresses within the slab panels, the compressive stresses at the slab-to-slab vertical interfaces and the opening of the joints. Moreover, the effect of potential dynamic settlements on both the slab stresses and joint openings is investigated. Recommendations for increasing the dam safety and reducing the water leakage through the dam body are given. 相似文献
12.
深厚库底回填料是影响面板堆石坝动力响应的重要因素之一。为深入研究深厚库底回填料对面板堆石坝动力响应的影响,基于某拟建抽水蓄能电站,采用三维动力有限元分析系统研究其上库面板坝的地震反应,主要包括坝体加速度、面板动力响应、接缝变位情况以及库底防渗土工膜的动应变等。计算结果表明:由于库底回填料的存在,坝体加速度放大效应被明显削弱;面板周边以受拉为主,中部大部分区域受压;垂直缝呈现出周边张开、中间闭合的趋势;土工膜的顺河向和坝轴向的动拉应变皆小于屈服应变,最大应变出现在库底材料分界处,为提高坝体渗透安全性,建议对主堆石区与连接板相接处的回填料进行适当范围换填的处理措施。研究成果可以为类似工程提供参考。 相似文献
13.
Uncertainties in structural engineering are often arising from the modeling assumptions and errors, or from variability in input loadings. A practical approach for dealing with them is to perform sensitivity and uncertainty analysis in the framework of stochastic and probabilistic methods. These analyses can be statically and dynamically performed through nonlinear static pushover and IDA techniques, respectively. Of the existing structures, concrete gravity dams are infrastructures which may encounter many uncertainties. In this research, probabilistic analysis of the seismic performance of gravity dams is presented. The main characteristics of the nonlinear tensile behavior of mass concrete, along with the intensity of earthquake excitations are considered as random variables in the probabilistic analysis. Using the tallest non‐overflow monolith of the Pine Flat gravity dam as a case study, its response under static and dynamic situations is reliably examined utilizing different combinations of parameters in the material and the seismic loading. The sensitivity analysis reveals the relative importance of each parameter independently. It will be shown that the undamaged modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of mass concrete have more significant roles on the seismic resistance of the dam than the ultimate inelastic tensile strain. In order to propagate the parametric uncertainty to the actual seismic performance of the dam, probabilistic simulation methods such as Monte Carlo simulation with Latin hypercube sampling, and approximate moment estimation techniques will be used. The final results illustrate the possibility of using a mean‐parameter dam model to estimate the mean seismic performance of the dam. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
Murat Emre Kartal Alemdar Bayraktar Hasan Basri Başağa 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2010
In this study, failure probability of the concrete slab on concrete-faced rockfill (CFR) dams with welded and friction contact is investigated under earthquake effects by reliability analysis. For this purpose, Torul CFR dam is selected as an example and numerical solutions are performed by considering combination of reliability analysis–finite element method. 1992 Erzincan earthquake acceleration record is used in the finite element analysis considering deconvolved-base rock input model. In this model, the ground motion to be applied to the foundation base rock is obtained by deconvolution of the free-field surface record. In the materially nonlinear analysis, Drucker–Prager model is used for concrete slab and multi-linear kinematic hardening model is utilized for rockfill. Geometrically nonlinearity is also taken into account. Viscous boundary conditions are defined in the finite element model for both foundation soil and reservoir water. The hydrodynamic pressure of the reservoir water is considered using 2D fluid finite elements based on the Lagrangian approach. Both welded contact and friction contact based on the Coulomb’s friction law are defined in the structural connections. Improved Rackwitz–Fiessler method is used with response surface method in the reliability analysis. The tensile and compression strengths of the concrete slab are utilized in the implicit limit state functions considering various thicknesses. The probability of failure of the most critical points in the concrete slab is obtained. According to this study, the probabilities of failure obtained from the CFR dam including friction contact are lower. When the welded contact is considered in joints, the probability of failure of the concrete slab is 1 due to tensile stress limit state and compression stress limit state only if concrete slab is linear. The most critical probability of failure of the concrete slab appears in the case that the concrete slab is linear and rockfill is materially nonlinear. The probability of failure of the concrete slab decreases if the nonlinearity of the concrete is considered. Also, hydrodynamic pressure decreases the reliability of the concrete slab. 相似文献
15.
论证了广大坝抗震安全性研究的实践与发展现状。目前大坝在地震作用下的应力与变形分析方法主要有拟静力法和动力响应分析法,并依据大坝混凝土的抗拉强度判断大坝的安全性;各国规范体现的抗震设防弹念和大坝材料的容许应力差别很大。坝址河谷不同高程处地震动状态不尽相同、河谷两恻同一高程处地震动也不一样。混凝土材料的强度与加载速度、应变速率有关;地震时大坝不同部位的应变速率不相同、同一部位的应变速率也随时间变化;混凝土的动态强度既与应变速率有关。也与应变历史等其它因素有关。大坝河谷地震动的输入机理和模型研究、混凝土的动态强度的变化规律探索、大坝抗震安全性评价准则的完善与创新等将有待深入。通过以上内容针对性分析,提出了大坝抗震评价的一些合理建议、方法以及进一步的研究方向。 相似文献
16.
This paper discusses critical and potentially controversial issues related to the seismic safety of tall concrete dams. These include the seismic input at a dam site, the effective treatment of the damage-rupture process, and the consideration of compressibility of reservoir water for hydrodynamic pressure. Major challenges to currently popular but questionable treatments of these critical problems are presented. Insights and additional research on these critical challenges are emphasized and explained based on prior published works of the author. More reasonable alternatives to dealing with these potentially controversial problems are provided in light of engineering practice in China. First, the design seismic input at depth as deconvoluted from an arbitrarily selected recorded accelerogram at a control point of an artificially developed free-field surface with the elevation of the dam crest is difficult for engineering projects to accept as appropriate. It may be more reasonable to use the design seismic incident motions as half of the ground surface motions from seismic safety analyses obtained from deterministic or probability approaches conducted by seismologists according to approved standards or guidelines. Second, since seismic damage to the dam must be estimated separately following uniaxial tensile and compressive experimental damage evolution rules, a simplified and realistic nonlinear elastic model is proposed as an alternative to the plastic-damage coupling model, which is very complex and includes assumptions based on a number of uncertainties. Finally, the effect of the reflection coefficient for compressibility of reservoir water on hydrodynamic pressures is very sensitive. The notion that the applied unified reflection coefficient at the reservoir bottom could be frequency-dependent and exhibit a significant variability in space as confirmed by field tests is questionable. To neglect the compressibility of reservoir water it may be closer to engineering practice at present. 相似文献
17.
Ali Seiphoori S. Mohsen Haeri Masoud Karimi 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2011,31(5-6):792-804
In this study, the nonlinear seismic analysis of a typical three-dimensional concrete faced rockfill dam is reported. Three components of the Loma Prieta (Gilroy 1 station) earthquake acceleration time history are used as input excitation. The dam under study is considered as if it were located in a prismatic canyon with a trapezoidal cross-section. A nonlinear model for the rockfill material is used, and contact elements with Coulomb friction law are utilized at the slab–rockfill interface. Vertical joints in the face slab are also considered in the finite element model. A substructure method, in which the unbounded soil is modelled by the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM), is used to obtain the scattered motion and interaction forces along the canyon. The dam is subjected to spatially variable P, SV, and SH waves, and the effect of dam–foundation interaction and the reservoir water effects are considered. The results are compared with the non-scattered input motion analysis. Results of the analyses indicate that due to applying the scattered motion to the canyon the response of the dam and concrete face slab significantly increases. The reservoir water pressure affects the tensile stresses induced in the face slab by reducing the uplift movement of the concrete panels.Large horizontal axial forces are induced in the face slab due to out-of-phase and out-of-plane motions of the abutments. Although the normal movements of vertical joints are reduced due to the reservoir water confinement, the opening movements are still significant, and the local failure of construction joints is inevitable. 相似文献
18.
There are several alternatives to evaluate seismic damage‐cracking behavior of concrete arch dams, among which damage theory is the most popular. A more recent option introduced for this purpose is plastic–damage (PD) approach. In this study, a special finite element program coded in 3‐D space is developed on the basis of a well‐established PD model successfully applied to gravity dams in 2‐D plane stress state. The model originally proposed by Lee and Fenves in 1998 relies on isotropic damaged elasticity in combination with isotropic tensile and compressive plasticity to capture inelastic behaviors of concrete in cyclic or dynamic loadings. The present implementation is based on the rate‐dependent version of the model, including large crack opening/closing possibilities. Moreover, with utilizing the Hilber–Hughes–Taylor time integration scheme, an incremental–iterative solution strategy is detailed for the coupled dam–reservoir equations while the damage–dependent damping stress is included. The program is initially validated, and then, it is employed for the main analyses of the Koyna gravity dam in a 3‐D modeling as well as a typical concrete arch dam. The former is a major verification for the further examination on the arch dam. The application of the PD model to an arch dam is more challenging because the governing stress condition is multiaxial, causing shear damage to become more important than uniaxial states dominated in gravity dams. In fact, the softening and strength loss in compression for the damaged regions under multiaxial cyclic loadings affect its seismic safety. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
针对在水库堤坝排水边坡混凝土裂纹的抗震性研究中,未考虑岩土体抗剪强度参数的劣化屈服效应以及混凝土裂纹的老化,存在抗震性判断结果准确率较差等问题,提出水库堤坝排水边坡混凝土考虑老化后产生裂纹的抗震性能研究方法。模拟强震下边坡混凝土的开裂破坏过程,根据D-P屈服准则,实现对闸墩混凝土材料的屈服判断。采用薄层整体单元模拟和分离式裂纹单元,实现混凝土裂纹的数值模拟,加载地震波后,获取混凝土裂纹的强震响应规律与破坏特征。实验结果可知,本文方法对坝体位移变化的研究精度高,得到的混凝土裂纹扩展范围更为准。运用本文方法对水库堤坝排水边坡混凝土的抗震性研究准确率以及可信度较高,说明本文方法具有一定的可取性。 相似文献