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1.
富集地幔^40Ar／^36Ar比率的再评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地幔的＾４０Ａｒ／＾３６Ａｒ比率含有重要的有关地球早期脱气程度的信息。许多研究者认为在亏损地幔，比如通过大洋中脊玄武岩（ＭＯＲＢ）采集的样品中＾４０Ａｒ／＾３６Ａｒ比率高达２８０００。然而，富集地幔中的＾４０Ａｒ／＾３６Ａｒ比率存在着激烈的争论。我们使用＾４Ｈｅ／＾４０Ａｒ－＾３６Ａｒ／＾４０Ａｒ和＾４Ｈｅ／＾４０Ａｒ－＾３Ｈｅ／＾４０Ａｒ图重新考察了ＭＯＲＢ和热点火山中Ｈｅ、Ａｒ惰性气体数据。在 相似文献
2.
中国东部幔源气体同位素地球化学 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
中国东部地幔岩包体及其单矿物中发育有大量的流体包裹体，采用阶段加热真空热爆的 方法脱出幔源包裹体中的气体，测试了气体的碳、氧、氦、氮等同位素组成。ＣＯ２的σ１３℃普遍较低， 主峰值为（－１８～－２２）×１０－3 ，多数样品在高温下的 σ１３℃普遍小于低温下的对应值。氧同位素变 化也很大，从－３．４×１０－３至２５．５×１０－３（ＳＭＯＷ），并呈现多峰的特征。σ１８Ｏ与σ１Ｃ３具有很好的相 关性，可能受控于同种分馏机制。Ｃ、Ｏ同位素组成特征表明，中国东部大陆地幔具有很大的化学不 均一性，可能是由地幔碳的多样性、源区的不均一性或地幔交代作用所致。氧同位素的变化可能是 结晶作用、去气作用或地壳物质混染所至。４Ｈｅ含量变化范围为（０．２４～２５．００）×１０－８，３Ｈｅ／４Ｈｅ变 化范围为（０．４６～１２．８０）×１０－６，４０Ａｒ含量从０．９７×１０－６到３４．１８×１０－６，４０Ａｒ／３６Ａｒ变化范围为 ２５０．５８～１２０２。３Ｈｅ／４Ｈｅ的变化反映了亏损地幔和富集地幔的存在。不同地区４０Ａｒ／３６Ａｒ的巨大差 异显示了地幔脱气程度的不同，也说明在地幔演化中Ａｒ、Ｈｅ同位素地球化学行为的差异。 相似文献
3.
扬子克拉通北缘元古宙基底同位素地质年代学和地壳增生历史：Ⅱ．火地垭群 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
扬子克拉通地壳的生成始于太古宙，但依据目前的研究成果，其主体形成于元古宙，对位于扬子克拉通北缘，分布在碑坝地区重要的基底岩系之一的火地垭群铁船山组火山岩进行了Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ和Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ同位素地球化学研究．同位素年代学数据表明，铁船山组岩系形成于约（１６６８５）Ｍａ的中元古代，并源于高亏损的地幔岩浆库（ｄ（ｔ）７．５３．１０），且其亏损地幔模式年龄ＴＤＭ（（１．６８±０．１０）Ｇａ）与Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时年龄是一致的．Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ同位素年代学揭示出在新元古代早期（约（８６０±１２）Ｍａ的晋宁期）铁船山组岩系受到了构造热事件的改造．该事件与区内大规模的基性－超基性和碱性、中－酸性岩浆活动的同时出现在时间上是一致的．这些晋宁期岩浆作用有着以下共同特征：（１）岩浆源于亏损程度大为降低的岩浆库；（２）模式年龄ＴＤＭ与铁船山组火山岩的形成时代相近．在本区的西乡地区，同为中元古代形成的西乡群底部的白勉峡组火山岩与其周围的晋宁期基性－超基性和碱性、中－酸性岩浆岩在年代学特征、岩浆库性质和亏损地幔模式年龄等多方面与碑坝地区铁船山组火山岩及其周围晋宁期岩浆岩的特征是类似的．这些同位素地球化学特征所揭示的区内地壳增生和晋宁期构造历史进一 相似文献
4.
深部物质运动的气体地球化学特征 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
根据氦同位素地球化学资料讨论了中国东部和云南腾冲地区上地幔的脱气。尽管地球脱气作用主要发生在地球形成时的十亿年间，但是后期的脱气作用仍是影响大气圈演化的主要因素。在两种力学性质不同的构造带──中国东部大陆裂谷和位于欧亚板块与印度板块缝合带的腾冲火山区，采集了天然气样，并分析了气体组分和氦同位素组成，较高的３Ｈｅ／４Ｈｅ值和地质、地球物理资料表明天然气和温泉气中的氦相当一部分是来自上地幔。来自上地幔的氦和其他气体自第三纪以来不断在气藏中聚集或向大气中逃逸。伴有源于上地幔的岩浆活动的地幔脱气是深部物质运动的具体表现形式，它对新生代气候演变可能有直接影响。 相似文献
5.
小秦岭303号石英脉流体包裹体Rb—Sr,^40Ar—^39Ar成矿年龄测定 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
用石英流体包裹体Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ、＾４０Ａｒ－＾３９Ａｒ法测定了小秦岭３０３号石英脉的形成时代为石元古代。其流体包裹体属Ｈ２Ｏ＋ＣＯ２＋ＣａＣｌ型,盐度为６．５％－１２．９８％,ＣＯ２含量高,Ｎａ＾＋〉Ｋ＋。３０３号石英脉Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线年龄为（２３８２±３３６）Ｍａ－（２２３４±４７）Ｍａ,（＾８７ｓＲ／＾８６Ｓｒ）ｉ为（０．７３５１±０．００１９）－（０．７４１６±０．０００４）,＾４０Ａｒ＾＾３９ 相似文献
6.
地球的放气作用是重大环境事件的原因 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地球的放气作用是重大环境事件的原因朱永峰（北京大学地质学系，北京，１００８７１）来自地球深部的气体对地球表层的环境发生着明显的影响。来自地球深处的水汇集成海洋，来自深部的Ｎ２、ＣＯ２、ＳＯ２、Ｈ２Ｏ、ＨＦ及惰性气体等汇集形成大气圈。水圈和大气圈形成之... 相似文献
7.
Pb、Sr、Nd同位素体系在石油定年与成因示踪研究中的应用 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
通过对新疆乌尔禾、塔里木盆地印干村等地和贵州西部地区的沥青与干酪根的Ｐｂ－Ｓｒ－Ｎｄ同位素分析工作，对固体同位素在石油与沥青的形成时代及成因方面的研究进行了讨论。根据Ｐｂ－Ｐｂ等时线，塔里木干酪根岩的形成时代为（６３０±１５０）Ｍａ和（４５７±１３０）Ｍａ；根据Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线，乌尔禾沥青形成于（２８６±１２）Ｍａ，印干村沥青形成于（８５２±２１０）Ｍａ。在成因研究方面，干酪根岩代表了表壳岩的同位素体系特征，而沥青的同位素体系特征表明其与深部来源有关：乌尔禾沥青的来源与再循环地幔源有关，而塔里木的沥青则来源于下地壳。 相似文献
8.
进贤早官岭侵入体是作者近年来从事１：５万进贤图组区域地质调查所发现的。该侵入体主体岩性为黑云角闪闪长岩，全岩Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线年龄为１２４０±１０Ｍａ，（￣（８７）Ｓｒ／￣（８６）Ｓｒ）＝０．７０３４，具有高Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３、ＴｉＯ＿２、ＣａＯ含量，低ＳｉＯ＿２含量的成分特征，其微量元素的ＭＯＲＢ标准化曲线与阿卓热斯碱性玄武岩极为相似，稀土总量较高，弱的负Ｅｕ异常。地球化学特征反映其岩浆为亏损地幔经低的部分融熔后，发生极低的结晶分异且未受地壳混染，固结后经构造运动拾升至地表。 相似文献
9.
一个造山后的辉长岩—河南新县王母观岩体的地球化学特征 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17
河南新县王母观辉长岩（２６１Ｍａ）侵位在定远组（３９１Ｍａ）中。岩体贫Ｋ、Ｚｒ、Ｙ、Ｔａ、Ｔｈ、Ｈｆ，ＬＲＥＥ略亏损，具明显的Ｅｕ正异常，εＮｄ（ｔ）较低（＋３－－１．０），εＳｒ（ｔ）低（－５－－８），δ＾１８Ｏ在地幔范围内（＋５．６‰－＋６．４‰）。Ｎｄ－Ｓｒ同位素关系暗示岩体源于大陆下略亏损的地幔源区，推测为亏损地幔端元（ＤＭＭ）与第一类富集地幔端元（ＥＭＩ）混合的产物。矿物、微量元素和同位 相似文献
10.
甘肃西秦岭新生代碱性火山岩的Sr,Nd同位素及微量元素地球化学特征 总被引：28，自引：7，他引：21
文中提供了甘肃西秦岭新生代碱性火山岩全岩稀土、微量元素和Ｓｒ,Ｎｄ同位素分析资料。研究表明,区内火山岩为一种过渡类型岩石,火山岩强烈富集ＬＲＥＥ和亲石元素的特征,以及高的Ｔｉ含量和较高的Ｃｒ,Ｎｉ,Ｃｏ含量,既不同于中国东部新生代玄武岩,也不同于中国西部造山带钾玄岩类火山岩,而显示与洋岛玄武岩和克拉通内某些高钾火山岩相似的地球化学特征。该区火山岩具有较低的ε（Ｎｄ）值和Ｎ（８７Ｓｒ）／Ｎ（８６Ｓｒ）比值,在ｗ（Ｒｂ）／ｗ（Ｎｂ） ｗ（Ｌａ）／ｗ（Ｎｂ）,ｗ（Ｂａ）／ｗ（Ｎｂ） ｗ（Ｌａ）／ｗ（Ｎｂ）和ε（Ｎｄ） ｗ（Ｂａ）／ｗ（Ｎｂ）等地球化学判别图中,显示出火山岩源区具有Ｄｕｐａｌ同位素异常和ＥＭⅠ地幔地球化学端员组成,软流圈对火山岩的起源和成因具有重要的贡献,火山岩的地球化学特征指示源区包含了古老大陆下被交代的岩石圈地幔的信息。 相似文献
11.
《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2007,339(14-15):937-945
The origin of the Earth's atmosphere can be constrained by the study of noble gases in oceanic basalts. If it is clear that the mantle is degassed and formed part of the present atmosphere, it has been proposed that an important subduction of atmospheric noble gases in the mantle occurred during Earth's history, altering the primordial signature of the solid Earth. This subduction process has been suggested on the basis of the measurements of light xenon isotopes in CO2 well gases. Moreover, the fact that the 38Ar/36Ar ratio is atmospheric in all oceanic basalts, even for uncontaminated samples (e.g. with high 20Ne/22Ne), may also suggest that a massive subduction of atmospheric argon occurred, if the primitive Earth had a solar-like 38Ar/36Ar. This also implies that the atmosphere suffered a massive gas loss accompanied by mass fractionation (e.g. hydrodynamic escape) after mantle degassing or that a late veneer with an atmospheric composition occurred. Such a hypothesis is explored for rare gases, by developing a model in which degassing and subduction of atmospheric noble gases started ∼4.4 Ga ago. In the model, both radiogenic and non-radiogenic isotopic ratios are used (e.g. 38Ar/36Ar and 40Ar/36Ar; 124Xe/130Xe and 129Xe/130Xe) to constrain the subduction flux and the degassing parameters. It is shown that subduction and massive contamination of the entire mantle is possible, but implies that the 40Ar/36Ar and the 129Xe/130Xe ratios were higher in the past than today, which is not observed in Archean samples. It also implies that the sediments and the altered oceanic crust did not loose their noble gases during subduction or that the contaminated mantle wedge is mixed by the convective mantle. Moreover, such a model has to apply to the oceanic island source, since this later shows the same signature of argon and xenon non-radiogenic isotopic ratios. A scenario where the isotopic compositions of the argon and xenon were settled before or during accretion is therefore preferred to the subduction. 相似文献
12.
13.
稀有气体在深部地质研究中的意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
幔源物质中的稀有气体蕴藏着丰富的地球深部过程信息。它们可对地幔结构、地幔脱气历史、大陆地幔不均一性、幔源岩浆演化和CO2天然气成因等研究提供独特的示踪作用。结合中国东部地幔捕虏体的资料,综述了稀有气体在这些方面的研究进展。研究表明,MORB源和OIB源玄武岩稀有气体组成差异强烈支持地幔双层结构的存在,地幔脱气过程主要受溶解度控制脱气模式(SCD)控制;同时,中国东部地幔存在不均一性可以在稀有气体方面得到印证;郯庐断裂可能为东部幔源无机CO2的脱出提供了良好的通道。 相似文献
14.
Thomas J. Bernatowicz 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1981,76(1):84-91
This work reports the results of noble gas (Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) analyses of accidental mantle xenoliths from San Carlos, Arizona. Except for the addition of radiogenic 40Ar and mass fractionation effects, the isotopic structures of these gases are indistinguishable from atmospheric composition. The absence of 129Xe excesses in these rocks may reflect indirect mixing of atmospheric gases with the source region of the xenoliths. The dominant influence on the noble gas abundances in the San Carlos xenoliths appears to have been diffusive gas loss, which may have occurred in a mantle metamorphic event or during contact with the host basanite magma. Evidence is presented for the partitioning of significant amounts of the heavy noble gases into fluid inclusions in the xenolith minerals; the proportion of each gas in the inclusions increases with increasing atomic weight of the gas, possibly reflecting solubility effects. The noble gases are present in greater concentration in pyroxenes than in olivine, similar to the behavior of other incompatible elements. 相似文献
15.
济阳坳陷高青-平南发育多个CO_2气藏,对气藏组分、同位素以及组分同位索相关组合进行分析,认为气藏中CO_2主要是幔源-岩浆成因.气藏同时具有高~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar和高~3He/~4He值表明:气藏中稀有气体主要来自幔源,同时有部分壳源混入;气藏中~4He/~(40)Ar~*平均值为2.15,说明该地区气藏形成主要以岩浆缓慢脱气为主,大规模CO_2及稀有气体是岩浆冷却结晶阶段所释放.其形成机理为:在随岩浆上升的过程中,随着压力和温度不断下降以及岩浆成分的变化,岩浆中CO_2及稀有气体溶解度也随之降低并析出,产生的大量CO_2及稀有气体沿着深大断裂及一些二、三级断裂交汇处输送至地层的各类圈闭中,并在适当的位置聚集成藏. 相似文献
16.
David W Schwartzman 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1973,37(11):2479-2495
The degassing of radiogenic Ar40 is defined as coherent if only the Ar40 associated with parent K is degassed as K is transferred from the mantle to crust. Coherency predicts, for a 4.55 b.y. Earth, a sialic crust with 2.50 per cent K, using only the Ar content of the atmosphere and present crust (from a Hurley and Rand, 1969, age distribution). This is a maximum limit to K content of the sialic crust if the age of the Earth is no younger than 4.55 b.y. A K content of the sialic crust of 1.9 per cent (Holland and Lambert, 1972) implies an efficiency (E) less than 100 per cent for K transfer from oceanic basalt to sialic crust in subduction zones and/or some non-coherent (preferential) degassing of Ar from the mantle.K, Ar coherence for mantle differentiation to crust is supported however, by the agreement of the predicted oceanic He flux and radiogenic He-Ar ratios of volcanic gases with the observed limits if the best estimate of K, U, Th influx rates at oceanic ridges is used.Assuming K, Ar coherence, various sea-floor spreading rates as functions of time, and limiting K contents of the sialic crust, computed models give E and the portion of the sialic crust derived from melting oceanic basalt in subduction zones. Except for models with very high spreading rates in the Precambrian, they also predict that a significant part of the sialic crust was derived from vertical differentiation of the mantle, presumably early in Earth history. The results are in accord with Armstrong's model of an early sialic crust that is recycled to give a Hurley-type age pattern with the proviso that the ‘vertical’ sial Kυis formed early in Earth history for models with a high Kυcomponent.The coherent K, Ar models with preferred estimates of input parameters are also consistent with a limited mixing model (only old and new sial are equilibrated) for Sr isotopic evolution and the probable average ratio now of the sialic crust. 相似文献
17.
The abundances and isotopic compositions of Helium and Argon have been analyzed in a suite of fresh spinel peridotite xenoliths in Cenozoic basalts from the eastern North China Craton (NCC) by step-wise heating experiments, to investigate the nature of noble gas reservoirs in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath this region. The xenoliths include one harzburgite collected from Hebi in the interior of the NCC, two lherzolites from Hannuoba at the northern margin of the craton, and three lherzolites from Shanwang and Nushan on the eastern margin. 3He/4He ratios in most of the xenoliths are similar to those of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) or slightly lower (2–10.5 Ra, where Ra is the 3He/4He ratio of the atmosphere), suggesting mixing of MORB-like and radiogenic components. One olivine separate from Nushan has a helium value of 25.3 Ra, probably suggesting cosmogenic 3He addition. The 40Ar/36Ar ratios vary from atmospheric value (296) to 1625, significantly lower than the MORB value. Available data of the peridotite xenoliths indicate the He and Ar isotopic systematics of the mantle reservoirs beneath the NCC can be interpreted as mixtures of at least three end-members including MORB-like, radiogenic and atmospheric components. We suggest that the MORB-like noble gases were derived from the underlying asthenosphere during mantle upwelling, whereas the radiogenic and recycled components probably were incorporated into the lithospheric mantle during circum-craton subduction of oceanic crust. Available data suggest that the MORB-like fluids are better preserved in the interior of the NCC, whereas the radiogenic ones are more prevalent at the margins. The Paleo-Asian ocean subduction system probably was responsible for the enriched and recycled noble gas signatures on the northern margin of the craton, while the Pacific subduction system could account for the observed He–Ar isotopic signatures beneath the eastern part. Therefore, integration of helium and argon isotopes reflects heterogeneous metasomatism in the lithospheric mantle and demonstrates the critical importance of lithospheric mantle modification related to both circum-craton subduction of oceanic crust and asthenospheric upwelling beneath the eastern NCC. 相似文献
18.
Minoru Ozima 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1975,39(8):1127-1134
Earth-atmosphere evolution models are mathematically simulated and the resulting present isotopic ratio (40Ar/36Ar) in the mantle is given for each.Differential outgassing experiments on several recent submarine glasses were made to estimate an isotopic ratio (40Ar/36Ar) in the present mantle. Estimations of (40Ar/36Ar) in the mantle by various methods are also critically reviewed. From the experimental results and these considerations a minimum value of 2000 for (40Ar/36Ar) ratio in the present mantle is inferred. By assuming that is larger than 2000 and that the potassium content in the present mantle is larger than 50 ppm, we can limit considerably a choice among various Earth-atmosphere evolution models, i.e. (1) a continuous degassing process can not explain rare gas evolution in the atmosphere, (2) early sudden degassing is more likely and (3) such sudden degassing must have occurred earlier than 4.35 b.y. 相似文献
19.
稀有气体有4个源区,包括大气、地下水、地壳和地幔;其中地幔稀有气体又可分为上地幔和下地幔2个源区。不同源区的稀有气体在同位素组成上截然不同,因而可以利用稀有气体同位素进行有关地质和地球化学过程的示踪。稀有气体同位素组成不仅对查明成矿流体的性质和来源及矿床成因具有重要作用,而且还可以为正确理解大规模成矿作用的地球动力学背景和全面弄清大型一超大型矿集区的时空分布规律提供重要线索。 相似文献
20.
通过对宽甸新生代碱性玄武岩、地幔包体及辉石巨晶的稀有气体同位素组成的分析，认为不同岩性稀有气体含量的差异反映了岩浆作用过程中轻、重稀有气体的分馏特性，较轻的稀有气体(He、Ne)比较重的稀有气体(Kr、xe)具有更高的活动性和不相容性；该地区上地幔源区具有典型的MORB型源区特征，以辉石巨晶为代表；地幔包体的^3He／^4He值较低，可能是地幔流体交代作用造成的；大陆碱性玄武岩具有与大洋玄武岩截然不同的He同位素组成，反映了大陆区地幔岩浆上升过程中受到了陆壳物质混染。地幔源区^40Ar／^36Ar值为350左右，二辉橄榄岩和碱性火山岩的^40Ar／^36Ar值比大气略高，可能有大气组分的混合。部分样品中有^21Ne、^22Ne、^129Xe、^134Xe和^136Xe相对于大气的过剩现象，是核成因造成的。 相似文献