共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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目前断层封闭性研究大都集中在碎屑岩地层中的正断层上,断裂几何学特征(产状、规模和次级破裂)、母岩性质和变形机制(断层岩类型和断裂带结构)、应力状态(稳定性)、温度历史(胶结作用)和流体性质均影响断层封闭能力。应力状态决定断层的稳定性是断层封闭的前提和基础,沉积历史和成岩阶段确定的母岩成分、孔隙度、岩石力学特征、应力状态和温度历史,决定了断裂微观变形机制,形成多种类型的断裂带和封闭能力不同的断层岩,是断层封闭的主因。断裂变形期后的变化,如胶结作用和再活动,原始形成的封闭条件改变,流体性质影响断层的封闭能力大小。定量或半定量分析影响断层封闭性的因素,有助于促使断层封闭性评价从包含有断层面、断层岩渗透性以及对接关系的3D模型向包含断层运动、断层带作用和流体流动的4D模型方向发展。 相似文献
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汶川地震断裂带结构特征与龙门山隆升的关系 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
2008年汶川地震(MW7.9)发生在青藏高原东缘龙门山断裂带上,并沿映秀-北川断裂和灌县-安县断裂分别产生约270km和80km的不同性质的地表破裂带。断裂岩是断裂活动的产物,是断裂带的物质组成,其结构特征记录了断裂活动演化的历史。本文以汶川地震发震断裂映秀-北川断裂带中虹口八角庙地区地表露头和汶川地震科学钻探一号孔(WFSD-1)岩心为主要研究对象,通过详细的野外调研、显微结构及XRD分析等,识别出映秀-北川断裂带由五个次级单元组成,分别为:碎裂岩带、黑色断层泥和角砾岩带、灰色断层角砾岩带、深灰色断层角砾岩带以及断层泥和角砾岩带。断裂岩组合显示映秀-北川断裂带具有多核断裂结构特征。映秀-北川断裂带在地表出露的宽度约为240m,岩心中厚度约为105m,碎裂岩、断层角砾岩、断层泥在地表及岩心中均发育,而假玄武玻璃仅在地表碎裂岩部分出现。汶川地震主滑移带斜切了映秀-北川断裂带,不完全沿袭古地震滑移带,暗示汶川地震断裂带与映秀-北川断裂带可能不是同一个断裂体系。通过断裂岩的研究确定了映秀-北川断裂带存在着摩擦熔融、热增压、动态润滑和机械润滑等多种断裂滑移机制。低温热年代学的研究推断映秀-北川断裂带的形成时代为15～10Ma,自形成以来,映秀-北川断裂带的长期活动控制着龙门山的快速隆升。断裂带五个不同断裂岩组合的内部结构带,可能与龙门山不同的隆升速率期有着一定的联系。 相似文献
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《地质科技情报》2016,(3)
莱州湾凹陷垦利A区位于渤海湾盆地东南部,水平伸展应力和剪切应力共同作用致使该区东营组发育多组不同性质的断层组合,进而形成大量断块型圈闭。断层侧封定量评价对于研究断块圈闭的油气成藏意义重大,而传统方法在复杂的走滑-伸展应力背景下应用效果较差。从控圈断层性质分类入手,分析了不同性质断层断裂带内部结构的差异性,在明确断层侧封性影响因素的基础上针对不同性质断层优选不同评价方法。研究表明,控圈断层依据平面、剖面特征与活动强度的差异性,划分为走滑断层、走滑派生断层、拉张断层3类,其中走滑断层强大的水平位移对断裂带造成了严重破坏,断裂带结构复杂,对其侧封能力评价创新地采用了侧封指数来定量表征;拉张断层断裂带为三元型(由内往外分别为断层岩、滑动破碎带、诱导裂缝带),侧封主要受断裂带内断层岩影响,通过计算断层岩与储层的排替压力差来定量评价;走滑派生断层断裂带为二元型(由内往外分别为滑动破碎带、诱导裂缝带),侧封能力主要受岩性对置、泥岩涂抹等因素影响,利用模糊数学法进行定量评价。通过上述研究,最终建立了评价构造复杂、断层性质多样的区域断层侧封能力评价的方法体系,对进一步勘探具有指导意义。 相似文献
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中国阿尔泰造山带南缘额尔齐斯断裂带的构造变形及意义 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
额尔齐斯断裂是中亚造山带中的一条重要深大断裂,对于额尔齐斯断裂运动性质一直有着走滑断层、逆冲断层和压扭性断层等不同看法.本文在中国阿尔泰造山带南缘开展了详细的构造地质学工作,研究结果表明,额尔齐斯断裂及其次级断裂组成额尔齐斯断裂带.额尔齐斯断裂带在中国境内是一条宽约20 ～ 40km,长约400km,经受不同程度构造作用的强应变带,剪切作用影响范围遍布整个中国阿尔泰造山带南缘.额尔齐斯断裂带经历了左行走滑和右行走滑两个阶段.结合前人有关韧性剪切带成因型金矿、同构造岩体侵位与变形关系及对变质岩石40Ar/39Ar年代学研究,本文认为额尔齐斯断裂带的左行走滑构造形成于早二叠世(283～275Ma).早二叠世之后,额尔齐斯断裂带叠加了右行走滑事件,其活动时限可能为晚二叠世(260 ～ 245 Ma),其规模远远小于前期的左行走滑构造.额尔齐斯断裂带走滑活动性质的确定,为二叠纪北疆及整个中亚造山带造山后调整过程中不同的构造方式提供了佐证. 相似文献
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红车断裂带中断裂十分发育,体系复杂,且主断裂延伸长,空间上不同部位断裂特征及控藏作用差异明显.利用测井、岩心、高精度地震数据体资料,根据断裂性质、组合样式及活动强度差异性等在平面上将红车断裂分为南北两段,北段主要发育逆断裂,南段主要发育走滑断裂;在剖面上分为上下两层断裂体系,上层为张性断裂体系,下层为压性断裂体系.红车断裂带深部断裂结构发育,成岩胶结作用强.对流体包裹体及裂缝胶结程度研究表明,红车断裂深部早期封闭性较差,但随成岩胶结作用进行,北段封闭性逐渐变好.断裂带浅部为砂泥岩互层,断裂结构不发育.利用断层泥比率、断裂带泥质含量、断面正应力及紧闭指数评价其封闭性,显示浅部封闭性在不同时期变化较大：白垩纪早期南段好于北段,古近纪中晚期—新近纪早期北段好于南段.红车断裂带北段油气比南段更为丰富,在北段为阶梯状成藏模式,南段为“花状”成藏模式. 相似文献
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以野外观察描述为手段,系统研究了碳酸盐岩断裂变形机制的影响因素及断裂带结构演化过程,剖析了碳酸盐岩地层中断裂带结构与流体运移的关系。研究表明,影响碳酸盐岩内断裂变形机制的因素包括岩性、孔隙度、变形深度、温度、胶结作用、先存裂缝等,控制断裂带结构形成的因素包括滑动位移和破裂模式等。低孔隙度碳酸盐岩以裂缝发育为主,高孔隙度碳酸盐岩变形早期产生变形带,带内裂缝联接逐渐发育成断层带。随着埋藏深度的增加,断裂带结构不同：埋藏深度小于3 km,断层核主要发育无内聚力的断层角砾岩和断层泥;埋藏深度大于3 km,断层核普遍发育有内聚力的断层角砾岩和碎裂岩,破碎带发育多种成因的裂缝。随着位移的增加,破裂模式从早期的破裂作用变为后期的碎裂作用,最终形成碎裂流。断裂带演化是一个四维过程,断层核和破碎带发育情况直接影响断层对油气的运移和封闭的作用。断裂变形机制、断裂带内部结构以及与流体运移关系的研究,都可为封闭性提供重要的理论依据。 相似文献
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敦化—密山断裂带（二道甸子—大山嘴子段）断裂活动性评价 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
敦密断裂带是发育历史长、活动期次多的区域性大断裂,其形成时代及不同时代的活动性务学性质不同。为评价敦化及周围地区的区域地壳稳定性,借助于断层泥热释光测定、断裂气测量及地震、火山资料对断裂带的没部位做出了稳定和相对稳定的定量结论。 相似文献
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针对断裂构造带中断裂核部和裂隙破碎带的内在结构高度非均一性和渗透特性的强烈变异性难以表征和确定的难题,通过显微观察、粒度特征、孔隙特征、原位钻孔压水试验和室内渗透试验,研究了北山断裂带不同构造单元渗透特性和内在结构特征的关系。研究结果表明:十月井断层核部发育有断层泥,并可见构造错动结构面,室内渗透试验表明断层泥渗透系数约在(2~5)×10-11m·s-1,未发现断层泥垂向和侧向的渗透特性各向异性;借助于三维精细探槽,对十月井断层破碎带和F4断裂带的结构和地质成因进行了描述;钻孔压水试验获得十月井断层核部破裂带渗透系数范围为1.32×10-5 m·s-1到1.94×10-5 m·s-1区间内,芨芨槽F4断层核部岩体渗透系数一般大于2.4×10-6 m·s-1;十月井断层破裂带样品室内渗透试验表明断裂损伤带的渗透系数大体处于10-9~10-6m·s-1之间,其P-Q曲线表现为典型的层流型、充填型、冲蚀性,样品渗透能力随其包含裂隙数量的增加而增大。 相似文献
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This paper reviews the data concerning the fracture network and the hydraulic characteristics of faults in an active zone of the Gulf of Corinth. Pressure gap measured through fault planes shows that in this area the active normal faults (Aigion, Helike) act, at least temporarily and locally, as transversal seal. The analysis of the carbonate cements in the fractures on both the hangingwall and the footwall of the faults also suggests that they have acted as local seals during the whole fault zone evolution. However, the pressure and the characteristics of the water samples measured in the wells indicate that meteoric water circulates from the highest part of the relief to the coast, which means it goes through the fault zones. Field quantitative analysis and core studies from the AIG-10 well have been performed to define both regional and fault-related fracture networks. Then laboratory thin section observations have been done to recognize the different fault rocks characterizing the fault zone components. These two kinds of approach give information on the permeability characteristics of the fault zone. To synthesize the data, a schematic conceptual 3D fluid flow modeling has been performed taking into account fault zone permeability architecture, sedimentation, fluid flow, fault vertical offset and meteoric water influx, as well as compaction water flow. This modeling allows us to fit all the data with a model where the fault segments act as a seal whereas the relays between these segments allow for the regional flow from the Peloponnese topographic highs to the coast. 相似文献
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为了研究富水断层破碎带隧道突水突泥灾害演化机制,自行研制了一套可考虑质量迁移及地应力状态的大型室内突水突泥试验系统。利用该装置开展了不同水压加载方式、不同破碎带介质参数等条件的断层破碎带突水突泥灾害演化过程模拟试验。结果表明：（1）断层破碎带突水突泥灾害演化是渗流?侵蚀强耦合过程,在水压作用下,破碎带介质中的细颗粒首先发生迁移,导致充填介质孔隙结构增加,进而加速细颗粒流失,促使涌水率不断增长,随着细颗粒不断迁移流失,水流流态由层流转换为紊流,最终诱发突水突泥灾害;（2）破碎带介质初始孔隙率和施加水压越大越易诱发突水突泥,介质渗流演化特征越明显,渗流场参量如渗透率、孔隙率、雷诺数增加越快,且渗流场参量演化曲线出现突增现象;（3）梯度水压加载模式下断层破碎带介质较恒定水压加载条件下突水突泥演化特征更明显,介质发生突水突泥的临界水压更小。在此基础上,基于涌水率?时间（Q-t）、水力梯度?涌水率（i-Q）关系的流态转换分析和基于渗透率?水力梯度（k-i）关系的渗透性演化特征,建立了断层破碎带渗透演化特征概化模型。该研究结果对于断层破碎带突水突泥灾害演化机制与防治措施具有一定的理论指导价值。 相似文献
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Gabay Ran Shalev Eyal Yechieli Yoseph Sagy Amir Weisbrod Noam 《Hydrogeology Journal》2014,22(2):425-440
Fault zone architecture plays an important role in flow regimes of hydrological systems. Fault zones can act as conduits, barriers, or conduits/barrier systems depending on their spatial architecture. The goal of this study is to determine the fault-zone permeability structure and its effect on the local hydrogeological system in the Dead Sea fault system. Permeability was measured on small-scale outcrop plug samples at four faults along the Dead Sea fault system, and large-scale slug tests in four boreholes, in different parts of the fault, at Yair fault in Israel. The research results show that values in the damage zone are two to five orders of magnitude higher than those of the fault core (~3.5?×?10?10, 1?×?10?15 m2 respectively), resulting in an anisotropic permeability structure for the overall fault zone and preferable flow parallel to the fault. A set of injection tests in the Yair fault damage zone revealed a water-pressure-dependent behavior. The permeability of this zone increases when employing a higher water pressure in the fault fracture-dominated damage zone, due to the reopening of fractures. 相似文献
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Fault zone structure and lithology affect permeability of Triassic Muschelkalk limestone-marl-alternations in Southwest Germany, a region characterized by a complex tectonic history. Field studies of eight fault zones provide insights into fracture system parameters (orientation, density, aperture, connectivity, vertical extension) within fault zone units (fault core, damage zone). Results show decreasing fracture lengths with distances to the fault cores in well-developed damage zones. Fracture connectivity at fracture tips is enhanced in proximity to the slip surfaces, particularly caused by shorter fractures. Different mechanical properties of limestone and marl layers obviously affect fracture propagation and thus fracture system connectivity and permeability. Fracture apertures are largest parallel and subparallel to fault zones and prominent regional structures (e.g., Upper Rhine Graben) leading to enhanced fracture-induced permeabilities. Mineralized fractures and mineralizations in fault cores indicate past fluid flow. Permeability is increased by the development of hydraulically active pathways across several beds (non-stratabound fractures) to a higher degree than by the formation of fractures interconnected at fracture tips. We conclude that there is an increase of interconnected fractures and fracture densities in proximity to the fault cores. This is particularly clear in more homogenous rocks. The results help to better understand permeability in Muschelkalk rocks. 相似文献
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断裂带通常包括狭窄的断层核与宽阔的破碎带,并对岩石物理及其水力学、流体与渗透性具有重要作用。根据断裂破碎带结构的差异,将碳酸盐岩断层核划分为颗粒支撑、基质支撑与胶结支撑等3种类型,将碳酸盐岩破碎带划分碎裂带与裂缝带。不同类型碳酸盐岩断层核与破碎带形成多种类型组合,并造成断裂破碎带多种复杂的渗流结构。通过井—震资料的结合,可以判识沉积盆地内部较宽的碳酸盐岩断裂破碎带,其宽度—位移关系可以指示断裂破碎带的不同生长方式与机制。复杂内部结构、多期构造成岩作用与non-Andersonian破裂机制可能导致碳酸盐岩断裂破碎带的异常生长,也是碳酸盐岩断裂破碎带机理研究的重要方向。 相似文献
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碳酸盐岩断裂破碎带结构、分布与发育机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
断裂带通常包括狭窄的断层核与宽阔的破碎带,并对岩石物理及其水力学、流体与渗透性具有重要作用。根据断裂破碎带结构的差异,将碳酸盐岩断层核划分为颗粒支撑、基质支撑与胶结支撑等3种类型,将碳酸盐岩破碎带划分碎裂带与裂缝带。不同类型碳酸盐岩断层核与破碎带形成多种类型组合,并造成断裂破碎带多种复杂的渗流结构。通过井一震资料的结合,可以判识沉积盆地内部较宽的碳酸盐岩断裂破碎带,其宽度一位移关系可以指示断裂破碎带的不同生长方式与机制。复杂内部结构、多期构造成岩作用与non-Andersonian破裂机制可能导致碳酸盐岩断裂破碎带的异常生长,也是碳酸盐岩断裂破碎带机理研究的重要方向。 相似文献
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On the basis of field observations, microscopic thin-sections and laboratory data analysis of ten faults in Xuanhan County area, northeastern Sichuan Basin, central China, the internal and megascopic structures and tectonite development characteristics are mainly controlled by the geomechanical quality in brittle formation of the Changxing-Feixianguan Formation. The fluid transportation performance difference between the faults formed by different geomechanics or different structural parts of the same fault are controlled by the mcgascopic structure and tectonite development characteristics. For instance, the extension fault structure consists of a tectonite breccia zone and an extension fracture zone. Good fluid transportation performance zones are the extension fracture zone adjacent to the tectonite breccia zone and the breccia zone formed at the early evolutionary stage. The typical compression fault structure consists of a boulder-clay zone or zones of grinding gravel rock, compression foliation, tectonite lens, and dense fracture development. The dense fracture development zone is the best fluid transporting area at a certain scale of the compression fault, and then the lens, grinding gravel rock zone and compression foliation zones are the worst areas for hydrocarbon migration. The typical tensor-shear fault with a certain scale can be divided into boulder-clay or grinding gravel rock zones of the fault, as well as a pinnate fractures zone and a derivative fractures zone. The grinding gravel rock zone is the worst one for fluid transportation. Because of the fracture mesh connectivity and better penetration ability, the pinnate fractures zone provides the dominant pathway for hydrocarbon vertical migration along the tensor-shear fault. 相似文献
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Tectonic implications of damage zone-related fault-fracture networks revealed in drill core through the Nojima fault, Japan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1800 m of drill core through the Nojima fault zone, Japan, reveals subsidiary fault and fracture networks that developed in the fault zone that triggered the 1995 Ms 7.2 Kobe earthquake. The subsidiary fault zones contain a fault gouge of < 1 cm bounded by thin zones of foliated cataclasite or breccia. Fractures are filled with calcite veins, calcite-cemented breccias, clay, and iron-oxide and carbonate alternation of the granitic host rock. These features are typical of extensional fractures that form the conduit network for fluid flux close to a major fault zone. The zone of distributed deformation surrounding the main fault is 50 m in width, and the dip of the Nojima fault at > 1 km depth is 75°. The fault-fracture networks associated with the Nojima fault zone are coseismic and were filled with carbonate and fine-grained material during repeated seismic-related infiltration of the fault zone by carbonate-bearing subsurface water. This study shows that fault-related fracture networks plays an important role as fluid flow conduits within seismically active faults, and can change in character from zones of high permeability to low permeability due to cementation and/or pore collapse. 相似文献