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1.
GIS与Voronoi多边形在医疗服务设施地理可达性分析中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
王远飞 《测绘与空间地理信息》2006,29(3):77-80
地理可达性是研究评价各种服务设施布局及其服务域的重要指标之一,空间距离、交通便捷性、出行成本等是可达性测度的重要因子。由于医疗设施等公共设施通常以服务的公平性和覆盖性为目标,因此可定义居民点到最邻近医院的距离为地理可达性的测度。在此基础上,作者提出了基于GIS与Voronoi多边形的地理可达性计算方法。这一方法不仅将地理可达性分析中的空间点对之间的距离计算简化为空间查询,方便了GIS应用,而且计算的Voronoi多边形在本质上就是最邻近意义上医院的服务域,即服务域内各居民点到该医院的距离就是最邻近距离。此外结合人口分布等属性数据,还可深入分析各医院的服务承载力,本方法为医疗设施等公共服务设施的规划决策提供了重要的工具。 相似文献
2.
Accessibility Futures 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study uses accessibility as a performance measure to evaluate a matrix of future land use and network scenarios for planning purposes. The concept of accessibility dates to the 1950s, but this type of application to transportation planning is new. Previous research has established the coevolution of transportation and land use, demonstrated the dependence of accessibility on both, and made the case for the use of accessibility measures as a planning tool. This study builds off of these findings by demonstrating the use of accessibility‐based performance measures in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area. This choice of performance measure also allows for transit and highway networks to be compared side‐by‐side. For roadway modeling, zone‐to‐zone travel time matrix was computed using stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) assignment with travel time feedback to trip distribution. A database of schedules was used on the transit networks to assign transit routes. This travel time data was joined with the land use data from each scenario to obtain the employment, population, and labor accessibility from each traffic analysis zone (TAZ) within specified time ranges. Tables of person‐weighted accessibility were computed for 20 minutes with zone population as the weight for employment accessibility and zone employment as the weight for population and labor accessibility. Maps of accessibility by zone were produced to show the spatial distribution of accessibility across the region. The results show that a scenario where population and employment growth are concentrated in the center of the metropolitan area would produce the highest accessibility no matter which transportation network changes are made. However, another scenario which concentrates population growth in the center of the metropolitan area and shifts employment growth to the periphery consistently outperforms the scenario representing the projected 2030 land use without any growth management strategy. 相似文献
3.
基于完善的交通规划理论和模型,以某市为例,借助RS技术的空间数据获取能力和GIS技术的空间分析能力,综合考虑最短出行距离、最短出行时间以及网络节点人口密度3个因素,研究分析某市的道路交通可达性,并对现有的道路交通网络进行评价,为未来城市道路交通规划以及城市建设提供科学可靠的参考依据。 相似文献
4.
Individual accessibility and distance from major employment centers: An examination using space-time measures 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J. Weber 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2003,5(1):51-70
Distance has often been assumed to be an influence on intraurban accessibility, whether in traditional proximity-based measures
of accessibility, or through expectations about distance-minimizing travel behavior and the logic of the monocentric model.
This paper examines the importance of distance from major employment centers to individual accessibility in Portland, Oregon,
using space-time accessibility measures computed using GIS. The results of this research indicate that distance from these
locations has mixed results on individual accessibility. This appears to reflect the importance of time, both the time of
day activities are scheduled as well as time constraints, to individual activity patterns.
Received: September 2002 / Accepted: January 2003
The author gratefully acknowledges the contributions of two anonymous reviewers, whose comments greatly improved the content
of this paper 相似文献
5.
为降低可达性度量的实现难度,弥补现有GIS软件没有集成可达性分析模型或方法的不足,在详尽分析有关模型或方法与GIS集成研究现状的基础上,提出以改进潜能模型作度量模型,按GIS内部集成方式,使用面向ArcGIS 10的Python脚本编程技术集成开发可达性分析工具的设想,对可达性潜能模型分析原理、工具开发环境配置、使用数据的预处理要求、工具的具体设计流程和实现方法等作了详细叙述。最后以评价某市小学教育资源空间布局合理性为例,阐述工具在实际应用中应采取的使用方法和流程,实例评价结果验证工具开发的有效性。 相似文献
6.
An integrated urban systems model with GIS 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The main purpose of this paper is to explore a possible integration for the entire transportation modeling procedure – from
data inventory to future demand forecasting – by implementing integrated land use and transportation models with a geographic
information system (GIS). In order to make an integrated, procedural modeling system possible, Land Use and Transportation
modeling system with GIS (LUTGIS) has been developed and presented in this paper.
There are four sub-systems in LUTGIS: (1) a data inventory system, (2) a traffic analysis zone generation system, (3) an
integrated land use and transportation modeling system, and (4) a graphic user interface (GUI) system. Since the main target
of this paper is to explore a possible way to create a viable system, LUTGIS integrates currently available and user-friendly
computing technologies. For both transportation planners and administrative decision-makers, such an operable system is very
desirable for sharing information so they may arrive at a consensus through the use of LUTGIS, an integrated land use and
transportation modeling system.
Received: 22 October 1998/Accepted 11 July 1999 相似文献
7.
8.
Trip making, induced travel demand, and accessibility 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Traditional transportation planning practice rests on the premise that the demand for transportation is derived. On the other hand, economic theory advances that enhancement to the transportation system leads to lower travel cost and hence to induced demand. Such an argument lends support to the view that the rate at which trips are generated is linked to the ease of making trips to potential destinations. Rather conflicting evidence has so far come out of aggregate trip generation modeling applications. This paper revisits this issue with proper characterization of integral accessibility. Poisson regression models of automobile trip generation by trip purpose are estimated on travel survey data in Minneapolis–St. Paul, MN. Alternative measures of accessibility are tested for statistical significance. Conclusions are drawn on the role of accessibility in trip making and on the comparison of integral accessibility measures.The first author gratefully acknowledges the financial support of NSF grant SBR- 9308394. We are particularly indebted to Rick Gelbmann, Robert Paddock, and Mark Philippi at the Metropolitan Council, Minneapolis–St. Paul, and William Barrett at the Office of Transportation Data Analysis, Minnesota Department of Transportation for their availability to answer all our data-related questions. 相似文献
9.
Diego Bogado Tomasiello Mariana Giannotti Renato Arbex Clodoveu Davis 《Transactions in GIS》2019,23(2):203-223
Vehicle tracking is a spatio‐temporal source of high‐granularity travel time information that can be used for transportation planning. However, it is still a challenge to combine data from heterogeneous sources into a dynamic transport network, while allowing for network modifications over time. This article uses conceptual modeling to develop multi‐temporal transport networks in geographic information systems (GIS) for accessibility studies. The proposed multi‐temporal network enables accessibility studies with different temporal granularities and from any location inside the city, resulting in a flexible tool for transport and urban planning. The implemented network is tested in two case studies that focus on socially excluded people in a large global city, São Paulo, Brazil, including accessibility analyses from slum areas. It explores variations within a day and differences between transport modes across time. Case study results indicate how the accessibility is heterogeneous in low‐income regions. 相似文献
10.
Built environments have played an increasingly important and complex role in contemporary cities in the face of the significant number of discretionary and non‐discretionary event‐based activities that take place indoors, and the great variety of three‐dimensional designs that indoor spaces have grown to assume. However, intelligent tools that can assist designers to achieve high accessibility, particularly for large and complex buildings, are still underdeveloped. This article presents an innovative custom computer‐based design tool, dubbed FloorplanAAU (floor plan accessibility auditing), that couples GIS data modeling, indoor traversable network accessibility analysis, and interactive three‐dimensional visualization for built environments, to interactively evaluate and audit floor plans for high accessibility. The proposed method contributes to the success of applying GIS and transportation geography concepts to establish computational tools toward intelligent design and assessment of built environments. 相似文献
11.
曹诗淇 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(5):125-128
随着经济的逐步发展,城市中的交通问题愈发凸显。相比人们出行需求日益增加,交通管理系统的便捷程度和服务水平却相对较低。本文从GIS在城市智能公交系统的应用前景,GIS在城市智能公交系统的应用、以及分析对比GIS在城市智能公交系统在国内应用的几个实例方面强调了城市智能公交系统建立的必然性和可行性,基于GIS的城市智能交通系统的建立将使公交服务更加方便、快捷和舒适。同时,GIS的城市智能交通系统的建立也将帮助政府交通部门为交通管理提供依据。 相似文献
12.
The problem of transportation management has many variables but its solution must be guided by societal needs based on expected benefits and ways of achieving them. Thus transport management can be immensely enhanced and simplified by the use of a geospatial information system. Lagos, the commercial center of Nigeria, has been suffering from traffic congestion for decades. The loss suffered as a result of this congestion cannot be easily quantified economically and socially. This article presents empirical solutions to transportation problems in the Lagos Metropolis using the “Bottom–Top” approach, from “Transaction‐Based” at local government level to “Multimodal” at the metropolitan level. The Stochastic User Utility Model was adopted to estimate the appropriate representation of human heterogeneity, flexibility and variability on mode choice relative to route travel times. The use of Assisted GPS Cameras provides some level of intelligence on the transportation routes. Results obtained include a travel demand survey (household‐based) within a Traffic Zone and Sampled Trip Production/Trip Attraction Analysis based on Modes of Transportation. Geospatial Analysis carried out included Proposed Multimodal Transportation Routes with Transfer Points (TPs) and Incident Facility Management analysis. The synergy of Multimodal and Intelligent Transportation System (MITS) to obtain an integrated Multimodal Transaction‐Based Intelligent Transportation System (MTBITS) will enhance efficient transportation systems for the Lagos Metropolis. 相似文献
13.
Aspects of urban transportation have significant implications for resource consumption and environmental quality. The level of travel activity, the viability of various modes of transportation and hence the level of transportation-related emissions are influenced by the structure of cities, i.e., their urban forms. While it is widely recognized that satellite remote sensing can provide spatial information on urban land cover and land use, its effective use for understanding impacts of urban form on issues such as transportation requires that this information be integrated with relevant demographic information. A comprehensive bi-national urban database, the Great Lakes Urban Survey (GLUS), comprising all cities with populations in excess of 200,000 has been created from Landsat imagery and national census and transportation survey information from Canada and the United States. A suite of analysis tools are proposed to utilize information sets such as GLUS to investigate the link between urban form and work-related travel. A new indicator, the Employment Deficit Measure (EDM), is proposed to quantify the balance between employment and worker availability at different transit horizons and hence to assess the viability of alternate modes of transportation. It is argued that the high degree of residential and commercial/industrial land uses greatly impact travel to work mode options as well as commute distance. A spatial interaction model is developed and found to accurately predict travel distance aggregated at the census tract level. We argue that this model could also be used to explore the relative levels of travel activity associated with different urban forms. 相似文献
14.
Using GIS to Assess the Environmental Justice Consequences of Transportation System Changes 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Jayajit Chakraborty Lisa A. Schweitzer & David J. Forkenbrock 《Transactions in GIS》1999,3(3):239-258
Although environmental justice research has typically focused on locations of industrial toxic releases or waste sites, recent developments in GIS and environmental modeling provide a foundation for developing measures designed to evaluate the consequences of transportation system changes. In this paper, we develop and demonstrate a workable GIS-based approach that can be used to assess the impacts of a transportation system change on minorites and low-income residents. We focus specifically on two adverse affects: vehicle-generated air pollution and noise. The buffer analysis capabilities of GIS provide a preliminary assessment of environmental justice. We integrate existing environmental pollution models with GIS software to identify the specific locations where noise and air pollution standards could be violated because of the proposed system change. A comparison of the geographic boundaries of these areas with the racial and economic characteristics of the underlying population obtained from block level census data provides a basis for evaluating disproportionate impacts. An existing urban arterial in Waterloo, Iowa, is used to illustrate the methods developed in this research. 相似文献
15.
Ground-level bus offers flexible services with relatively inexpensive fares and high-level accessibility, thus is the dominant feeder mode for metro in the majority of metropolitan areas in China. Intermodal transfer between the metro and bus networks is therefore a crucial element in the successful operation of an integrated transit system. In this circumstance, a key challenge is lack of appropriate methodologies to evaluate the spatial–temporal disparities of intermodal transfers between metro and bus. To address this issue, this research aims to promote an existing two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) model by incorporating the temporal variability of service supply, demand, and travel time to provide a more realistic estimation of accessibility using smart card data and automatic vehicle location data. The proposed methodology was applied in a case study of the metropolitan area of Shanghai in the specific context of metro-stop based accessibility to bus services. The results of the case study show that the daily fluctuations in output metro-to-bus transfer accessibility values are highly sensitive to temporal dynamics of transfer time, service supply, and demand. It is hoped the results output here could give planners and policymakers greater insight into spatiotemporal dynamics on transfer accessibility, and help to establish an effective and efficient integrated transit system. 相似文献
16.
17.
Gordon A. Cromley 《Transactions in GIS》2019,23(6):1332-1351
Access to certain types of facilities can promote health and well‐being. When population and facilities are not uniformly distributed across the landscape, inequities in accessibility may occur. Current research into GIS‐based accessibility measures has focused primarily on spatial inequities between different geographic locations but not directly on differences in accessibility between subgroups of the population. The research presented here develops a new method for measuring differential accessibility to facilities between various segments of the population. The method extends concepts and techniques in spatial point pattern analysis that account for the spatial structure of demand and its relationship to supply. In this approach, the traditional Lorenz curve and its associated indices, the Gini coefficient and the dissimilarity index, which are used to measure inequality, are recast in spatial terms for measuring differences in accessibility between population subgroups. An analysis of spatial accessibility to grocery stores in Akron, OH illustrates the value of the spatial Lorenz curve and its associated indices compared to other methods. 相似文献
18.
Spatial accessibility is a critical consideration in the provision of services, both public and private. In public transit
planning, accessibility is comprised of access and geographic coverage. Interestingly, these two considerations are somewhat
at odds with each other. Access is important because it is the process associated with getting to and departing from the service.
Such access is typically perceived of in spatial terms as the physical proximity to transit stops or stations. Additional
stops along a route usually mean greater access, because a stop is more likely to be within an acceptable walking/driving
standard for a larger number of people. On the other hand, more stops and greater access slow transit travel speeds, thereby
decreasing the area of service reachable given a travel time budget. More stops along a route translate to greater service
interruption and longer travel times. The faster the travel time, the more desirable the service. Further, if travel times
become excessive, then user demand for service will decrease. All of this means that stop spacing along a route is central
to accessibility, as it is a tradeoff of access (more stops) and geographic coverage (service efficiency through less stops).
This paper details modeling approaches for addressing accessibility concerns in an integrated fashion. Bus-based transit service
in Columbus, Ohio will be utilized to illustrate the usefulness of these approaches in transit planning.
Received: September 2002 / Accepted: January 2003
This research was supported in part by an Ohio State University seed grant. 相似文献
19.
Tijs Neutens Nico Van de Weghe Frank Witlox Philippe De Maeyer 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2008,10(1):89-107
Time-geographic concepts are effective tools for the geovisualization of human activity patterns and to assess individual
accessibility. In their traditional form, however, time-geographic concepts assume uniform travel velocities in an isotropic
and homogeneous space. Because transportation systems confine travellers to links of road and rail networks with time-varying
flows, these premises are typically unsatisfied in real-world situations. This paper provides an innovative approach to ameliorate
the realism and applicability of space–time prisms by developing new three-dimensional space–time objects. Three-dimensional
solid models which account for non-uniform movement are discussed, and their usefulness is assessed and illustrated by means
of an example.
相似文献
20.
David S. Vale Fernando Ascensão Nuno Raposo António Pedro Figueiredo 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2017,19(1):43-64
It is well known that individual impairments create disparities in the accessibility of individuals to opportunities, lengthening the distances or time needed to reach them or even completely impeding access. However, the accurate calculation and representation of these disparities remain a major challenge for urban and transportation planners. In this paper, we adopt the concept of accessibility disparity, originally applied to measure place accessibility by different modes of transport, to measure and represent the accessibility of individuals with physical disabilities compared to those without disabilities. We use spatial network analysis to calculate spatial connectivity and the accessibility of Lisbon’s city center, revealing what we define as ‘disability-induced accessibility disparity’. Our results reveal not only the locations responsible for reduced accessibility, i.e., barriers and/or deterrents to movement, but also how much any given disparity reduces the accessibility of an individual, allowing the use of this methodology by planners to identify critical areas and to design inclusive public spaces. 相似文献