共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
我们已用钾离子敏感膜电极和银-氯化银电极组成无液界电池，通过测量其电动势的方法测定了25℃时恒定离子强度(I=0．1，0．3，0．5和0．7)条件下，KCl-K2SO4水溶液中KCl的平均质量摩尔浓度活度系数。结果表明，KCl的平均活度系数的对数与混合溶液中每个电解质的离子强度分量，在该条件下服从哈内特线性关系。已用最小1二乘法计算了相应的哈内特系数。在相应恒离子强度(I=0．1，0．3，0．5和0．7)条件下，其值分别为0．0430，0．0356，0．0329和0．0320。 相似文献
2.
作者用无液界电池电动势法测定了25℃恒离子强度(I=0.1,0.3,0.5和0.7)条件下KCl+KNO_3水溶液中KCl的平均质量摩尔浓度标度的活度系数,发现其活度系数的对数与混合溶液中KNO_3的浓度服从下列公式的关系: Lgγ1±=Lgγ_(1±)~0-a_(12)m_2-β12m_2~2且用最小二乘法求得了各离子强度条件下相应的哈奈特系数。还用Pitzer公式计算了混合溶液中KCl的平均活度系数及超额自由能,计算的活度系数与实验值之间的标准偏差为±0.006。较高的超额自由能表明该体系有较大的混合效应,同时表明在低浓度下K~+-NO_3离子对也可能发生较强的相互作用。已用简单的循环逼近法求算了KNO_3~0的化学计量缔合常数,其结果可用下列经验公式表示: LnK~*=a+bI_e已求得在海水离子强度(I_c=0.68)下KNO_3~0之K~*=2.4,用外推法求得25℃时KNO_3~0的热力学缔合常数值K_a=0.40。 相似文献
3.
用钾离子选择电极和银—氯化银电极构成的无液界电池测量了KCl+KHCO_3混合水溶液中KCl的平均活度系数,发现其活度系数的对数与混合溶液中KHCO_3的浓度m_2服从哈奈特关系式。用最小二乘法计算机处理求得了各离子强度条件下相应的哈奈特系数。还用适用于混合电解质溶液的皮茨公式计算了该体系电解质的平均活度系数和溶液的超额自由能,计算出活度系数与实验值之间的平均标准偏差为±0.006。溶液的超额自由能随溶液组成变化表明,对于有相同阳离子(K~+)的该混合溶液中离子间短程作用力主要受Cl~-作用的影响。用累代逼近法用微机计算,求得了KHCO_3~0的化学计量缔合常数经验公式及其热力学缔合常数。 相似文献
4.
近代发展的离子选择电极为电化学研究提供了方便，用其组成无液界电池可测定一些电解质溶液的活度系数。通常浓度的高氯酸具有非缔合电解质的性质，它对于电化学溶液理论及电分析化学实验研究均有一定的意义。在海水化学模型专题研究中，曾利用其非缔合性质探讨一些离子的缔合作用[1]。 相似文献
5.
近代发展的离子选择电极为电化学研究提供了方便,用其组成无液界电池可测定一些电解质溶液的活度系数。通常浓度的高氯酸具有非缔合电解质的性质,它对于电化学溶液理论及电分析化学实验研究均有一定的意义。在海水化学模型专题研究中,曾利用其非缔合性质探讨一些离子的缔合作用。高氯酸的活度系数已有报道,但早期用 相似文献
6.
马粪海胆(Hemicentrotus pulchernimus)在0.5mol dm3KCl或0.5moldm3 LiCl刺激下,能排放出卵子或精子,对海胆没有损伤作用,继续养起来还可再用,卵子在KCl或LiCl溶液中不能同精子受精.为了使两种性细胞进行正常的受精作用,可将卵子从KCl或LiCl溶液中很快移至海水中,或一发现海胆在KCl或LiCl溶液作用下排放性产物时,便立刻转移到海水中,使其产卵或排精于海水里,这样的卵子和精子可进行正常的结合.LiCl溶液诱导排放的卵子的受精率高于KCl溶液,可达98%. 相似文献
7.
青海一里平盐湖卤水Li-Na-K-Mg-Cl-SO_4-H_2O体系25℃时渗透系数、活度系数和饱和度的预测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
将Ritrer离子作用模型的应用扩展到中国富含锂的一里平盐湖卤水Li－Na-K-Mg－Cl-SO4－H2O体系,综合1990－1997年作者对该体系的含锂三元次级体系25℃时的活度系数和渗透系数的研究结果和文献数据,给出了该体系的Pitzer离子作用模型参数;计算了溶解平衡常数;预测了青海一里平盐湖晶间卤水中离子和盐的活度系数、卤水的渗透系数、水活度、蒸汽压以及盐类的饱和度;揭示了卤水在蒸发和稀释过程中上述热力学性质随离子强度变化的规律,用离子强度与盐类饱和度的关联图（I-ln（K’／K）图）分析了该卤水的折盐顺序。计算结果表明,一旦平盐湖晶间因水在25℃时只有石盐饱和,与野外观测结果相一致;用参数化的Pitzer离子作用模型预测该卤水多组分体系的热力学性质和溶解平衡是可行的。 相似文献
8.
9.
测定了15℃和24℃相同温度下己知浓度为K的KCl溶液与标准海水电导率的比值Z_(k,t),Z_(,15),在0.96到1.04之间。发现Z_(N,15)=1的标准浓度(N或K_N)为K_N=32.4356gKCl/kg溶液。测量了在15℃或30℃范围内温度对Z_(N,t)的影响,以Z_(15)的函数和反函数关系给出了KCl浓度的方程,以Z_(24)的函数关系给出了Z_(15)/Z_(24)的方程,(用实验室盐度计对KCl和海水进行比较)和以温度的函数关系给出了Z_(N,t)。 相似文献
10.
海气之间交换系数的研究报道很多(Anderson,1981; Hicks,1972),但由于观测时间、地点及所取资料的不同,所得结果也不相同。通常认为,风应力系数CD=1.5*10-3,热量CH和水汽CE的交换系数近似地等于CD(Businger,1975),其可能误差为±50%。Deardorff(1968)认为交换系数依赖于边界层的稳定度。而 Bunker(1976)根据他的理论给出了大西洋不同温度层结、不同风速范围下的海气交换系数。Frieche和Schmidt(1976)的实测资料分析表明,交换系数在不稳定条件下比稳定条件下要大得多,赵永平等(1982)也得出了相同的结论。Kondo(1975)在实验的基础上，依据稳定与不稳定条件下的廊线给出了交换系数CD,CH,CE的表达式,其结果与在1974-1975年气团变性实验(AMTEX)中Murty和Nitta等(1976)用热收支法计算的结果及风洞实验结果相一致。
渤海、黄海和东海紧邻大陆,受典型的季风气候影响,夏季的逆温和冬季冷空气爆发产生的强烈不稳定对海气之间的交换系数产生很大影响,因此了解本海区特定条件下非绝热交换系数的量级、变化及分布是十分必要的。本文根据渤海、黄海和东海区实测的水文气象资料,利用 Kondo的计算方法计算了该海区冬、夏季非绝热条件下的动量(CD)、热量(CH)、水汽(CE)交换系数和海面热收支,并探讨了海面热平衡的简化计算方法。 相似文献
11.
由海底摩擦与平均流速的平方成正比的公式,对底摩擦的性质(主要对拖曳系数C_0)进行讨论。研究在风暴潮和天文潮的条件下,海底摩擦与风速,风向和海深等因素的关系,得到有关奇异区的存在等结论,说明在整个海区内拖曳系数不为常数。 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
AbstractThe coefficient of lateral pressure at rest (k0) is a key parameter required to determine the horizontal stress distribution on subsoils. In this paper, k0 was measured from consolidation test for calcareous and siliceous sand, and the effect of water contents on k0 of calcareous sand was also discussed. Comparison of k0 values measured and calculated based on empirical formulas were carried on. Results indicated that (1) the reduction rate of k0 for calcareous sand with an increase in relative density was less than that of siliceous sand. The k0 at low water content was generally smaller than that of siliceous sand, and it was similar to that of siliceous sand for high-water content; (2) the k0 of calcareous sand increased with increasing initial water content initially, and then decreasing. However, the magnitude of variation was small. So the impact of water content on the k0 of calcareous sand was limited; (3) the formulas proposed by Abdelhamid and Krizek (1976) for estimation of the k0 was highly applicable to calcareous fine sand.
- Highlights
The k0 of calcareous fine sand was investigated.
The k0 of calcareous and siliceous sand were compared.
Shape parameters of sand particles for calcareous and siliceous sand were analyzed.
Effects of related density and initial water content on the k0 were discussed, respectively.
The applicability of various empirical formulas for calculating k0 of calcareous fine sand was evaluated.
15.
P.M. CiancioJ.A. Reyes 《Ocean Engineering》2003,30(11):1323-1333
This paper deals with the determination of the critical load in the buckling of isotropic, circular annular thin plates whose thickness varies slightly according to an exponential law.The outer edge of the plate is elastically restrained against rotation while the inner boundary is free. Classical small-deflection theory is used. An hidrostatic pressure acting in the middle plane is considered.The eigenvalues of the problem are obtained by means of an analytical approach based on the optimized Rayleigh-Ritz method. It is shοwnι that the results are in good agreement from an engineering viewpoint, with those available in the literature. 相似文献
16.
为合理开发利用和保护辽宁海岛资源,优化海岛产业结构和布局,以辽宁纳入中国海域海岛标准名录的633个海岛为研究对象,在对其地理坐标、陆域面积等基础数据进行数理统计的基础上,通过GIS的空间分析和绘制洛伦兹曲线、计算基尼系数,对辽宁海岛的空间分布特征进行了分析与研究。结果表明:辽宁海岛属集聚型分布类型,在空间上呈组团与带状分布,按聚集程度来看,形成了黄海北部长山群岛集聚区、辽东半岛南部浅海集聚带与辽东湾西部浅海集聚带三个区域;约60%的海岛处在离大陆岸线直线距离在10 km以内的范围内,近陆程度高;海岛陆域面积分布不均衡,基尼系数达0.9。 相似文献
17.
Zhenfeng Qiu Junjie Wang Yulong Chen Yang Yang Yongsuo Li 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(7):867-875
AbstractSandstone-mudstone particle mixture (SMPM) is one of the main materials, which has been widely used for filling in and around reservoirs for water conservation projects. During the periodic rising and falling of the water level, the fill material for the embankments, dam, and other waterfront features will also undergo drainage-saturation cycles. The deformation and coefficient of lateral pressure at rest K0 may be affected by periodic saturation. In this study, a device is modified for testing the K0 for gravel-soil under periodic saturation. In order to investigate the effects of periodic saturation on K0, a series of experiments were performed for SMPM under different vertical stress and saturation cycling. K0N values of SMPM containing 20% mudstone particles under periodic saturation were obtained. The results shows that the K0N initially increased, but eventually reached a stable value with the increasing number of periodic saturation cycles. The magnitude of the coefficient increment was also found to be related to the stress condition. K0N is a logarithmic function of the saturation cycling time. By calculating K0N with the proposed empirical formula, the deformation and stress distribution of the SMPM filler in waterfront engineering works can be calculated with greater precision. 相似文献
18.
海岛是海洋资源开发利用价值的核心内容之一。为合理保护及开发利用粤港澳大湾区海岛资源,促进海岛产业布局优化,从海岛资源空间分布角度出发,探析海岛在粤港澳大湾区发展中重点平台的作用。以粤港澳大湾区纳入中国海域海岛标准名录的850个海岛为研究对象,在对其地理坐标、陆域面积等基础数据进行数理统计的基础上,通过ArcGIS软件平台,采用最邻近距离法、核密度估计法、洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数方法,对粤港澳大湾区海岛的空间分布特征进行了分析与研究。结果表明:粤港澳大湾区海岛在空间上趋于集聚分布,呈现总体带状分布,局部组团分布的特点,形成了湾区西部海岛分布带和大鹏湾-大亚湾区、九州列岛区、万山-佳蓬担杆列岛区、川山群岛区4个明显的集聚区;粤港澳大湾区海岛以沿岸岛为主,面积分布呈现不均衡性的特点,基尼系数达0.58。 相似文献
19.
The French Transportable Laser Ranging System (FTLRS) was deployed in the calibration site of satellite radar altimeters in Corsica over the 2002 and 2005 campaigns. The paper describes the different steps of SLR data processing. The average arcs RMS obtained are about 1–2 cm for Lageos-1&;-2, Starlette and Stella satellites; it is shown that the best results of satellite orbits determination and geocentric positioning are obtained with Eigen-Grace03s gravity model. The difference of FTLRS absolute 3D positioning, between 2002 and 2005, of about 7.7 mm (i.e., 2.6 mm/yr) is less than residual errors of ITRF2005 velocities (of about 4.3 mm/yr). 相似文献
20.
MINERALOGY OF COASTAL DEPOSITS OF NORTH-WESTERN SEA OF JAPAN 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Distribution of heavy, light and clay minerals in Late Pleistocene—Holocene deposits from different coastal environments (beaches, lagoons, dunes, relict lakes, ria bays and inlets, open inlets) was analysed. It was established that mineralogical composition of coastal deposits was a result of provenance and its hypergenous changes, transformation of material within transit zone, and accumulative conditions of inshore zone. Contents of stable minerals increase in deposits of the inlets confined to mouths of the small streams and in horizons of the sections, formed during regressive phases. Unstable minerals amount is higher in deposits of inlets, confined to mouths of the large river. The clay mineral fraction of shelf sediments consists mostly of illite. Authigenous pyrites dominate in deposits of ria bays, lagoons and relict lakes, formed during transgressive phases. Volcanic glass, found in deposits, is product of Holocene eruptions of Baegdusan (Baitushen) Volcano. 相似文献