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中国外来海洋生物入侵的现状、危害及其防治对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
全球经济一体化逐步发展,国际间人流和物流日益增加,生物入侵问题已成为人们共同关心的问题。我国对陆地生物的入侵已展开逐步深入的研究,但对海洋生物入侵却关注很少,而且都停留在一般性资料的分析和推测上,实地调查和试验数据更少,对其危害的程度和如何防治也没有基础数据。针对此类问题,就我国外来海洋生物入侵现状作一概述,希望引起社会各界重视,积极开展这方面的研究,预防重大海洋生物入侵灾害的发生,并为我国外来海洋生物入侵的广泛深入的防治研究提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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我国的海洋生物多样性及其保护 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
本文综述了我国海洋生态系统多样性、海洋物种多样性及其利用以及海洋生物遗传多样性的现状，指出过度捕捞、生境丧失、环境污染、生态入侵是威胁我国海洋生物多样性的主要原因。文本还阐述了我国在海洋生物多样性保护、海洋生态环境监测、海洋自然保护区建设及管理上所取得的成就，以及在海洋生物多样性可持续利用方面所取得的进展。 相似文献
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浙江省是我国遭受海洋生物入侵较为严重的地区之一。文章探讨了浙江海洋生物的入侵途径、外来物种成功入侵的机制及入侵种对生态系统的影响,同时给出了控制海洋生物入侵的策略,以期能更好地保护海洋生物多样性,减少外来生物入侵灾害的发生。 相似文献
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海洋环境中的微塑料主要来源于陆源塑料垃圾输入、海上船只塑料垃圾的丢弃和水产养殖业漂浮装置的废弃等.微塑料的大小、形状和颜色与海洋生物的食物相似,容易被海洋生物误食,由于微塑料自身的毒性及其表面吸附的有毒化学物,对海洋生物及其生态系统具有直接和潜在的危害.本研究主要综述了微塑料对海洋生物产生影响的途径、毒性效应及其效应机制的研究进展状况;提出未来应重点加强微塑料环境浓度的长期效应、微塑料与其他污染物的联合效应及其机制、微塑料效应的生物标志物筛选以及生态风险评估技术的研究等. 相似文献
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海洋外来物种入侵已成为威胁海洋生态环境的主要问题之一,对我国海洋生态环境构成严重损害。文章对外来物种入侵的由来、入侵的现状与危害以及对我国海洋生态环境的影响进行概述,并提出防治对策建议。 相似文献
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海洋动植物中生物活性物质的研究概况 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
近几年来，海洋生物活性物质的研究已引起人们极大重视。海洋药物、海洋保健食品、海洋新材料品种不断涌现。我国有海洋生物１４００余种，可供食用的仅为１０％，尚有大量的资源没有被认识和开发，开发利用的前景是相当广阔的，不仅可以向食用、药用方向转化，而且可向化工、饲料、农药、化妆品方向转化。有些海洋生物，虽然没有开发的先例，或者资源量不大，但其活性物质成分和化学结构有可能为开发新药开辟新路。也可以说，这部分资源是将来海洋药物和保健食品研究开发的贮备资源。１海洋生物毒素海洋生物毒素是海洋天然产物中的研究对象… 相似文献
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TB Robinson ME Alexander CA Simon CL Griffiths K Peters S Sibanda 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(1):129-140
Confusion between terms and ambiguities among definitions have long plagued the field of invasion biology. One result is disruption in flow of information from researchers to policy-makers and managers who rely on science to inform regulatory frameworks and management actions. We reviewed the South African marine biology literature to quantify the current usage of terminology describing marine invasions and found a variety of terms in use, few of which are defined when used. In response, we propose standard terminology that aligns with international practice. We then interpreted the Blackburn unified framework for biological invasions within the marine context and used this as a transparent way to apply the standardised terms to an updated list of marine alien species for the country. This resulted in the recognition of 36 alien and 53 invasive species within South Africa. Most notably, follow-up research is required to confirm the status of at least 11 listed species, the majority of which have been recorded only once, or not in the past 25 years. It is hoped that by standardising terminology, marine science in South Africa will better support authorities charged with managing the threat posed by marine alien species. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
Human-mediated transfer and invasions of organisms have permanently altered distribution patterns on a global scale. In response to growing numbers and impacts of invasions, global-scale vector management is advancing to curtail unintentional and unwanted species re-distributions. In marine systems, ocean-going ships have been the major dispersal mechanism across biogeographic barriers, and maritime vector management has become a priority global initiative, including national regulations and recent ratification of an international convention to manage ballast water. This paper provides the first analysis of the pioneering patterns of ballast water treatment systems (BWTS) on board commercial ships, using vessel arrivals to the United States as a model system. Over an opening 28-month period, >200 unique vessels arriving to the U.S. reported BWTS operations, using 58 different systems to treat 4.42 million m3 of discharged ballast water. Although this volume represents <2% of all ballast water discharged in the U.S. per month during this period, there was substantial growth in treated ballast discharge throughout this time. Through 2015, ‘Filtration+UV’ systems were the most common BWTS type installed across all ship types. Currently, BWTSs occur on higher numbers of tankers and bulkers, but a higher proportion of passenger vessels, than other ship types. If BWTSs meet the required discharge standards as intended, this will cause a steep reduction in total discharge of organisms ≥50 µm compared to current practices. While several hurdles in fleet-wide BWTS adoption remain, including the timeline for BWTS installation across the global fleet, we are at a significant milestone in the history and evolution of global shipping, which is undergoing wholesale transition to a new and more effective global-scale ballast vector management strategy. 相似文献
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Recognizing that all management decisions have impacts on the ecosystem being exploited, an ecosystem-based approach to management seeks to better inform these decisions with knowledge of ecosystem structure, processes and functions. For marine fisheries in the California Current, along the West Coast of North America, such an approach must take into greater consideration the constantly changing climate-driven physical and biological interactions in the ecosystem, the trophic relationships between fished and unfished elements of the food web, the adaptation potential of life history diversity, and the role of humans as both predators and competitors. This paper reviews fisheries-based ecosystem tools, insights, and management concepts, and presents a transitional means of implementing an ecosystem-based approach to managing US fisheries in the California Current based on current scientific knowledge and interpretation of existing law. 相似文献
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Hard coastal-defence structures as habitats for native and exotic rocky-bottom species 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The use of hard coastal-defence structures, like breakwaters and seawalls, is rapidly increasing to prevent coastal erosion. We compared low-shore assemblages between wave-protected and wave-exposed habitats on breakwaters along a sandy shore of Tuscany (North-Western Mediterranean). Assemblages were generally characterized by a low diversity of taxa, with space monopolized by Mytilus galloprovincialis and Corallina elongata on the seaward side of breakwaters and by filamentous algae on the landward side. Assemblages in wave-protected habitats were characterized by greater temporal stability than those in exposed habitats and supported non-indigenous macroalgae such as Caulerpa racemosa and Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides. Hence, the introduction of hard coastal-defence structures in otherwise soft-bottom dominated areas, attracting native and exotic rocky-bottom species, should be of great concern for the conservation of marine biodiversity at local and regional scales and for the management of biological invasions. 相似文献
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随着社会经济的发展和海洋资源开发利用水平的提高，海上人工构筑物呈现种类、数量和规模都迅速增长的态势。但目前我国大部分海上构筑物尚未纳入统一的管理体系，导致管理权限不清和管理环节缺位。文章分析我国海上构筑物管理的现状和存在的问题，从海洋管理实践出发，对海上构筑物管理进行有益探索，提出在协调众多涉海部门的基础上，从审批、登记、竣工验收、弃置管理、事中事后监管等方面，解决最紧迫的管理需求，先易后难地完善海上构筑物管理的缺位环节，逐步建立和完善海上构筑物管理制度体系，更好地服务于海洋经济建设。 相似文献
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东海区是我国最早开展海洋保护区建设的海区之一,被列为保护对象的生物资源、岛礁资源、景观资源和生态系统丰富多样。文章从数量和面积、典型特征以及保护对象3个方面概述东海区国家级海洋保护区的发展现状,提出目前保护区发展存在管理机构不完善、配套法规不健全、资金保障不稳定和监测能力不足等问题。在此基础上,提出加快管理机构建设,提升建设和管理水平;健全法律法规体系,夯实保护工作法律基础;拓宽资金来源,促进开发和保护协调发展;提高监视监测能力,加强保护对象监测评估的对策措施建议,以期为海洋保护区的建设和管理工作以及海洋生态环境的可持续发展提供参考。 相似文献
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Many articles have been published in recent years criticizing the management of living marine resources based solely on biological stock conservation criteria. In the United States and in many parts of the rest of the world, multiple management objectives and goals in addition to stock conservation must be met by fishery managers responsible for the marine resources under their control. An alternative management metric, conservation efficiency, is recommended based instead on a multi-disciplinary scientific framework that captures these different goals and the behavior of participants in the fishery. On the basis of the constraints facing managers, resources can be conserved and the quality of life of consumptive and nonconsumptive fishery participants improved. 相似文献
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海洋工程勘察是海洋经济发展的基础保障,完善海洋工程勘察工作对于坚持"五个用海"理念、保证海洋工程质量安全和推动海洋经济可持续发展具有重要意义。文章以完善我国海洋工程勘查工作为重点,从加强市场监管、资质管理和行业管理3个方面提出建议,具体包括制定相关监管条例、管理办法、技术标准和质量监督体系,提高质量和技术管理水平以及调研并公布行业发展现状、发挥国家海洋局的监管作用和开展评优工作等。 相似文献
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A White Paper on a new integrated management plan for the Norwegian Sea was launched by the Norwegian government in May 2009. Following international guidelines for ecosystem-based management, the plan provides an overall framework for managing all human activities (mainly oil and gas industry, fishing, and shipping) in the area to ensure the continued production and function of the ecosystem. The plan is based on an assessment of the present and projected future impact of human activities and of the interactions between them, taking into account deficits in current knowledge of ecosystem state and dynamics. Areas of particular value in terms of biodiversity or biological production were identified. In each of these valuable areas, any access for substantial human activity is to be carefully managed. To monitor the overall development of the Norwegian Sea, a set of indicators with associated environmental quality objectives have been selected. The approach used builds upon experience gained from the first integrated Norwegian management plan for a marine area, the Barents Sea–Lofoten region, developed in 2002–2006. Work towards a Norwegian management plan for the North Sea, including Skagerrak, was initiated in 2009. 相似文献