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1.
Tillites, conglomerates and sandstones occurring in the basal part of the Smalfjord Formation along the Varangerfjord, East Finnmark, North Norway are believed to have formed during the retreat of a glacier. At Kvalnes, on the south side of the fjord, the following sequence, up to 20 m thick, is found: (1) massive monomict tillite interpreted as a subglacial till, (2) massive polymict tillite with lenticular intercalations of stratified sandstone and tillite, interpreted as supraglacial/proglacial drift, (3) polymict conglomerate interstratified with laminated sandstones, interpreted as braided stream deposits. The last named interfingers laterally and is overlain by marine sandstones. At Bigganjargga, near the head of the fjord, a lens of tillite about 3 m thick rests on a striated pavement and is overlain by sandstones and shales. Part of the tillite, containing irregular patches of slightly winnowed tillite, is interpreted as a melt-out till, while a marginal part consisting of inclined tillite beds is interpreted as a series of flow till deposits. The lens is believed to be an oblique section through what was originally an ice-cored moraine ridge. During a subsequent transgression, the moraine was partially eroded, a lag conglomerate was formed, and overlying marine sediments were deposited. Bedded flow tills formed in a supraglacial/proglacial environment may be preserved where the extent of current reworking is very low (such as an isolated end moraine). Stratified conglomerate and sandstone, intimately intercalated with tillite, is to be expected at a glacier margin where glacial meltwater is locally and occasionally abundant, and glacier ablation permits downslope flowage of mobilized supraglacial fluid till.  相似文献   

2.
The Late Precambrian Numees Formation contains besides very thick deposits of tillite-like habit also laminated siltstones resembling glacial varved rocks. These enclose coarser sand grains, pebbles and boulders of all sizes which have dropped from above into the soft sediment. As only floating ice can have transported these large components, the conclusion is inescapable that the laminated siltstones are true glacial varves and that the tillite-like rocks are true tillites.This evidence for Late Precambrien glacial conditions makes it highly probable that other formations of a similar age, which have been described as tillites, are also of glacial origin. The Buschmannsklippe Formation begins locally with a tillite which seems to be more or less contemporaneous with the Numees Formation. A high percentage of facetted and deeply striated pebbles and boulders makes it probable that this tillite originated as a basal moraine.The Nama tillite in the Klein Karas Mountains is stratigraphically not very far removed and in time probably not very much younger than the Numees tillite. Striated and grooved floors are associated with this tillite.The Chuos tillite and the Otavi tillite of the Damara System are contemporaneous deposits of Late Precambrian age. Their age relative to the Numees tillite is not known. The Chuos- and the Otavi tillite are probably glaciomarine drifts. For these a glacial origin cannot be proved with the same degree of conclusiveness as for the above described deposits. However, the existence of glacial conditions in the Late Praecambrian having been proved for an adjoining area, a glacial origin may reasonably be assumed for the tillite-like rocks of the Damara System too.Both the Numees tillite and the Otavi tillite are intimately associated with sedimentary iron ore deposits. Oxygen deficiency in stagnating bottom waters, caused by an ice cover, is thought to be responsible for this peculiar combination of sediments.The excellent evidence for the existence of glacial conditions during parts of the Late Precambrian, found in South West Africa, strongly supports the assumption that the many tillite-like deposits of a similar age, which have been described from Central and West Africa are also of glacial origin.

Published under Government Printer's Copyright Authority No. 3320 of 30/4/64.  相似文献   

3.
Lower Paleozoic moderately sorted quartz–arenites from the Balcarce Formation deposited in eastern Argentina (Tandilia System) comprise mainly detrital material derived from old upper crustal material. The sources were magmatic, sedimentary, and subordinated felsic metamorphic terranes. High concentrations of tourmaline and Ti-rich heavy minerals, including zircon and nearly euhedral chromite, are common. Trace element concentrations (Nb, Cr) on rutile indicate pelitic and metabasaltic sources, respectively. Major element analyses on chromites indicate a basic volcanic protolith of mid-oceanic ridge origin, which was exposed close to the depositional basin. The delivery of chromite may be associated with convergent tectonics causing the consumption and obduction of oceanic crust during pre-Upper Ordovician times. The oblique/orthogonal collision of the Precordillera Terrane with the western border of the Rio de la Plata Craton, west of the Balcarce Basin or source further to the east from a Lower Palaeozoic extensional basin are possibilities.Geochemical and petrographic data exclude the underlying Precambrian and Cambrian sedimentary rocks as dominant sources, and favour the basement of the Río de La Plata Craton, including Cambrian rift-related granites of South Africa and the Sierras Australes (eastern Argentina), as main suppliers of detritus. Trace element geochemistry of recycled pyroclastic material, associated with the quartz–arenites, also suggests volcanic arc sources. The provenance of the pyroclastic material may either be the Puna–Famatina arc, located in north and central Argentina, or a hypothetical active margin further to the south. These ash layers are equivalent in age to volcanic zircons found in the Devonian Bokkeveld Group in western South Africa.The deposition of a glacial diamictite of Hirnantian age (Sierra del Volcán Diamictite) is interpreted as a member of the Balcarce Formation. Based on the stratigraphic re-location of the glacial diamictite and trace fossils, the Balcarce Formation is considered here to be Ordovician to Silurian in age. The Balcarce Formation can be correlated with similar rocks in South Africa, the Peninsula Formation, and the upper Table Mountain Group (Windhoek and Nardouw subgroups), including the Hirnantian glacial deposit of the Pakhuis Formation.  相似文献   

4.
Preferred facies trends in ancient shallow-marine sediments have been determined by Markov-chain and substitutability analyses of detailed sections measured in Lower Cambrian outcrops in the Southern Canadian Rocky Mountains (St Piran Formation, 600 m of vertical section; Fort Mountain Formation, 500 m of vertical section), and in a Cretaceous subsurface reservoir in south-central Alberta (Viking Formation in the Garrington Field: 69 cores). Those sections with more defined cycles are interpreted to result from progradation of shelf-ridge sands and gravels; examples with less defined order originated as inter-ridge deposits, in zones with complex palaeoflows and in areas of subdued palaeotopographic relief. The highest degree of facies organization (> 80% significant facies transitions) occurs in the Cretaceous Viking Formation sandstone and conglomerate ridges, interpreted to have had abundant sediment supply, water depths between fair- and storm-weather wave-base, and a strong littoral current system. A moderate degree of facies organization (70% significant facies transitions) occurs in the inter-ridge deposits of the Cambrian Fort Mountain Formation, interpreted to have had a variable sediment supply, water depths above storm-weather wavebase, and a variable, oscillating tidal current system. A poor degree of facies organization (< 45% significant facies transitions) occur in the ridge deposits of the Cambrian Fort Mountain and St Piran formations and in the inter-ridge deposits of the Cambrian St Piran and Cretaceous Viking formations. This facies disorganization occurs in sites where there was continuous and rapid subsidence (Cambrian) or in areas of subdued seafloor relief with complex current systems (Cretaceous). The pattern of facies relationships also varies. Relatively short linear patterns occur in all of the shelf-ridge deposits. This contrasts with the inter-ridge deposits in which there are long linear patterns or complex ring structures, interpreted to result from complex palaeoflow patterns in areas of subdued seafloor topography. Various statistical techniques (including Markov-chain and substitutability analyses) can aid the interpretation of very complex lithological successions, as shown by the shelf sandstones and conglomerates examined in this study.  相似文献   

5.
BRIAN JONES 《Sedimentology》1992,39(5):857-876
Caves, fossil mouldic cavities, sinkholes and solution-widened joints are common in the Cayman and Pedro Castle members of the Bluff Formation (Oligocene-Miocene) on Grand Cayman and Cayman Brac because they have been subjected to repeated periods of karst development over the last 30 million years. Many voids contain a diverse array of sediments and/or precipitates derived from marine or terrestrial environs, mineral aerosols, and groundwater. Exogenic sediment was transported to the cavities by oceanic storm waves, transgressive seas, runoff following tropical rain storms and/or in groundwater. At least three periods of deposition were responsible for the occlusion of voids in the Cayman and Pedro Castle members. Voids in the Cayman Member were initially filled or partly filled during the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene. This was terminated with the deposition of the Pedro Castle Member in the Middle Miocene. Subsequent exposure led to further karst development and void-filling sedimentation in both the Cayman and Pedro Castle members. Speleothems are notably absent. The void-filling deposits formed during these two periods, which were predominantly marine in origin, were pervasively dolomitized along with the host rock 2–5 million years ago. The third period of void-filling deposition, after dolomitization of the Bluff Formation, produced limestone, various types of breccia, terra rossa, speleothemic calcite and terrestrial oncoids. Most of these deposits formed since the Sangamon highstand 125 000 years ago. Voids in the present day karst are commonly filled or partly filled with unconsolidated sediments. Study of the Bluff Formation of Grand Cayman and Cayman Brac shows that karst terrains on isolated oceanic islands are characterized by complex successions of void-filling deposits that include speleothems and a variety of sediment types. The heterogenetic nature of these void-filling deposits is related to changes in sea level and climatic conditions through time.  相似文献   

6.
王兴志 《地质与勘探》2014,50(5):997-1006
鄂尔多斯盆地中、北部二叠系山西组-下石盒子组已发现多个大型油气田,其勘探潜力巨大。但盆地西部盐池地区山西组、石盒子组的勘探程度较低,因而弄清其物源对该区进一步油气勘探十分重要。以研究区钻测井、岩心及盆地周边露头实测等资料为基础,应用统计学方法对区内山1、盒8段石英颗粒成因类型、岩屑类型、重矿物组合、古流向及沉积相等特征进行了全面的研究。结果表明：研究区山1-盒8期沉积物受到北部及西北部物源的共同影响,且二者物源具有较强的继承性。盐池地区物源主要受到北西向的桌子山、贺兰山地区的影响;而苏里格西部地区陆源碎屑沉积物则来自北部阿拉善-阴山古陆。区内山1、盒8段主要为三角洲前缘沉积,受物源及沉积相的影响,环县区域具有汇水区的特征。  相似文献   

7.
ABSTRACT Pebbly sediments of the shallow marine Abrioja fan-delta show pockets (bowl-shaped structures, partly filled with pebbles) and pillars (elongate structures, filled with sand and pebbles). These structures are most abundant in pebbly sediments deposited on a steep slope ( ca. 25°-10°) and are absent in conglomerates deposited on a slope of ca . 6° and less, although they are present in the pelitic top of these beds.
The pocket and pillar structures are interpreted as fluid escape structures originating from local liquefaction and fluidization, processes which are favoured by rapid deposition, rapid sediment accumulation, the presence of less permeable layers and an immature sediment texture.
These conditions are met in conglomeratic fan-deltas, which have steep slopes with immature sediments. It is concluded that the presence of fluid escape structures in conglomeratic sediments may indicate a steep depositional slope.  相似文献   

8.
The Coleman Member of the ea. 2.3 Ga Gowganda Formation is beautifully exposed in a glacially polished outcrop near Cobalt, Ontario. This lithologic unit is a glacial diamictite, or tillite, consisting of clasts up to 1.5 m in diameter embedded in a silty to sandy matrix. More than half of the clasts display alteration rinds. On granite clasts these consist of a pale pink outer rim and a dark inner rim, in which orthoclase has been replaced by what is now chlorite. The rinds are inferred to have initially developed as a result of chemical weathering before the clasts were deposited as part of the tillite, and to have been modified by post-depositional metamorphism. The chlorite in the rinds contains Mg and Fe in approximately the same proportion as in the unweathered clasts. The chlorite was probably generated by the low-grade metamorphism of smectites produced by the reaction of feldspars with O2-free groundwater carrying Fe+2 and Mg+2. The absence of O2 in these ground waters is consistent with the deposition of the Gowganda Formation before the rise of O2 in the atmosphere ca. 2.25 Ga.  相似文献   

9.
In Bengal basin the subcrop Gondwana sediments occur in N-S trending elongated grabens originated largely by the graben forming tectonisms of the Gondwanaland which overlie the crystalline basement in the sub-surface in an intra-cratonic setup. So far five wells in shelf part of Bengal Basin have penetrated Gondwana sediments, out of which three wells i.e.,G1, G3 and G2 have been drilled up to Precambrian basement. In subcrop Gondwana graben, glacial to glacio-fluvial Talchir Formation of Early Permian age was deposited above the basement. Early Permian Barakar Formation overlies Talchir Formaion. Flood basin model of deposition is postulated for this coal rich unit. In the absence of Barren Measure Formation, coal bearing Raniganj Formation overlies Barakar Formation. The fluvial set up changed over to arid environment during deposition of Panchet/Supra Panchet Formation (undifferentiated). The deposition of Panchet Formation is followed by eruption of doleritic rocks in both subcrop and outcrop Bengal Gondwana whereas lamprophyres are absent in subcrop of Bengal Gondwana. Rifting as well as pull-apart basin model due to transtensional movement is postulated for Gondwana basins. Detailed lithostratigraphic analysis of the core / cutting samples of the Gondwana sediments reveal that the sediments are mainly fine to coarse grained, poorly sorted sandstone. These sediments are characterized as poor reservoir and needs some treatment for permeability enhancement for hydrocarbon production.  相似文献   

10.
The Pemali Formation is revised from being the oldest known sedimentary unit in north Central Java to being almost the youngest. This, and a new examination of its composition, has implications for regional geological models and petroleum geology. The Pemali Formation was originally interpreted as “early Miocene” but is now shown to be latest Miocene through Pliocene in age, and characterised by both very high rates of sedimentation and a particularly high degree of reworking. The mid-Late Miocene tectonic event that initiated deposition of this formation created a new series of basins that were filled by erosion of new structural highs. Continuing constriction of the basins resulted in the uplift of older Pemali sediments on the basin margins, being reworked into the youngest Pemali strata.Neither the Pemali Formation nor the associated uplift and erosion are seen in the basins in the Java Sea a short distance to the north. Both the severe effects of the mid-Late Miocene tectonism and the Pemali-type sediments are restricted to a particular geologic zone, which is roughly the same as the modern island of Java. This may be above lithosphere of mixed terranes that forms a rim to the sialic Sunda Plate. The onshore Java area has a history of severe tectonism through the Tertiary and consequently a stratigraphy that greatly contrasts with that of the present-day Java Sea.The localised and thick Pemali deposition affected the burial history and the generation of hydrocarbons around the mid-Late Miocene basins, whilst the uplifted areas may include hydrocarbon traps. If basement composition influenced the location and thickness of the Pemali Formation then it is also likely to have fundamentally controlled deposition of older formations, including the unknown source rock for surface oil seeps. Likewise, these controls appear to contrast strongly with the better known rift-sag basins of the Java Sea.  相似文献   

11.
张良  杜远生  左景勋  周琦 《地球科学》2008,33(4):523-530
河南汝州、鲁山一带罗圈组冰积层之上的东坡组以页岩、粉砂质页岩及粉砂岩为主.笔者发现了东坡组夹有白云岩透镜体及白云质粉砂岩、砂岩.白云质粉砂岩具有与东坡组页岩不协调的软沉积变形.白云岩透镜体和白云质粉砂岩具有明显的δ13C负偏.白云岩透镜体的δ13C为-4.19‰~-6.18‰.白云质粉砂岩的δ13C大部分为-2‰~-4‰之间.因此认为, 东坡组的白云岩透镜体及白云质粉砂岩、砂岩与华南震旦纪盖帽白云岩及南华纪Sturtian冰期冰积层之上的碳酸盐丘和菱锰矿类似, 为冰积层中的天然气水合物泄漏释放的CO2和海水中的Mg2+发生快速反应快速沉淀而成的, 即东坡组的白云岩、白云质粉砂岩、砂岩为冷泉成因.   相似文献   

12.
The Otekura Formation (Early Jurassic, Pseudaucella zone) at Sandy Bay comprises part of a 10+ km thick, regressive, forearc shelf and slope sequence, the Hokonui facies belt of the Rangitata Geosyncline. The Otekura Formation is dominantly fine grained, being mostly mudstone, silty mudstone and siltstone. The sediments are volcanogenic throughout. The upper 150 m of the formation contains two 20 m thick, channelized bodies of medium-thick bedded sandy flysch, each associated with thin bedded muddy flysch interpreted as overbank turbidites. Directional indicators within the channel sequence indicate emplacement from the south-southwest. In contrast, rare turbidites that occur below the channel sequence, within the background mudstone sediment, were emplaced from the east, i.e. at right angles to the channelized flows. The immediately overlying Omaru Formation contains more abundant macrofossils, intraclastic conglomerates, and appreciable amounts of traction-emplaced cross-bedded sand. Bioturbated calcareous siltstones with an in situ molluscan fauna follow (Boatlanding Formation), and are of shelf origin. The Omaru Formation is therefore interpreted as a shelf-slope break deposit, and the Otekura Formation as an upper slope facies. Reconnaissance studies indicate that the Otekura Formation is underlain by several kilometres of dominantly fine grained, deep water slope sediments, containing occasional sand and conglomerate filled channels similar to those here described in detail from the Otekura Formation. Such channels are inferred to form when a mass-transported sand, derived from failure higher on the slope, ploughs erosively into the sea floor. After their incision, the channels served for a short time as conduits for downslope transport of sediment, the redeposited deposits of which are found filling each channel. Both channel fills at Sandy Bay are capped by thin-bedded turbidites inferred to have overspilled from similar channels nearby on the slope.  相似文献   

13.
梁飞  黄文辉  牛君 《沉积学报》2018,36(1):142-153
针对鄂尔多斯盆地西南部上古生界山1段与盒8段沉积物来源以及这两个层段物源是否发生改变等问题,依据物源分析方法,对研究区古水流特征、重矿物特征、镜下长石、岩屑特征以及稀土元素特征进行系统分析。通过古水流特征可初步判断研究区山1段与盒8段为多物源;重矿物组合可将研究区盒8段分为四个区域,分别为研究区北部,西南,东南和中部,且根据锆石和白钛矿的含量又可将研究区北部分出两个小的区域;沉积物碎屑以及稀土元素等特征反映出研究区北部具有远源沉积的特征,南部具有近源沉积的特征;山1段物源与盒8段物源分析结果比较类似。综合以上分析结果得出:山1段时期,盆地北部的阴山古陆为研究区北部提供沉积物来源;研究区西南部沉积物质来源于西秦岭与祁连山古陆的中北部;东南部地层沉积物来源于盆地南缘的北秦岭地区,汇水区位于环县、华池一带;盒8段时期阴山古陆继续为本次研究区北部提供碎屑沉积物,研究区西南部碎屑沉积物来自当时的祁连古陆的中北部盒秦岭古陆的西部,东南部物源来自北秦岭古陆,沉积物交汇区同样位于环县、华池一带;山1与盒8两个时期的沉积物物源没有发生改变,二者沉积物源具有继承性;另外根据REE特征,可判断出沉积时期除汇水区地势较低外,研究区东南部也存在一处规模较小的洼陷。  相似文献   

14.
Pot casts and gutter casts are described for the first time in the lower part of the Majanillos Formation, a Middle Triassic carbonate unit located in the External Zones of the Betic Cordillera (southern Spain). Their identification, as well as their relation to tempestites, enables the better interpretation of the depositional environments and the shoreline-to-offshore facies transition on the Anisian muddy carbonate ramp of the southern Iberian Massif. The Majanillos Formation contains three members, which become progressively more marly towards the top. Well-preserved pot and gutter casts and thin intercalations of calcarenite, which are interpreted as tempestites, are abundant in the lowest member. Above the pot and gutter casts, thicker calcarenite beds, which locally contain hummocky cross-stratification, predominate. Bioturbated nodular limestones are prevalent at the top of the member. The remaining succession, which records a long-term Triassic transgressive cycle, consists mostly of fine-grained limestones deposited in very shallow-marine environments. Calcarenitic sediments only accumulated within potholes and gutters in the nearshore. They developed during storms when strong currents transported sediment to the outer shelf, where it was deposited as tempestite beds. Pot and gutter casts characterize sedimentation in the bypass zone. It is concluded that storm deposits provide important constraints for the interpretation of palaeobathymetry; it is proposed that gutter casts display a trend of increasing width/thickness ratios towards the outer shelf. The identification of these structures in marine successions elsewhere should prove useful in the interpretation of depositional environments.  相似文献   

15.
The late Proterozoic Adelaide Geosyncline, along with overlying Cambrian strata, comprises a thick sequence of sediments and sparse volcanics which accumulated in a major rift and passive margin setting. During late syn-rift or early post-rift phases, large volumes of terrigenous and carbonate sediments of the late Proterozoic Umberatana and Wilpena Groups and Cambrian Hawker Group filled the rift. Submarine canyon development was related to at least four of these depositional cycles, the most notable of which resulted in incision and subsequent filling of the major (several kilometres in width and up to 1.5 km deep) submarine canyons by the Wonoka Formation. The Wonoka Formation canyons are not obviously fault controlled. They are interpreted to have been eroded by turbidity currents during a relative low-stand of sea-level. They were subsequently filled by a fining-upwards suite of sediments which reflects subsequent relative rise of sea-level and carbonate platform development. Ultimately the canyon complex was buried by north-westerly progradation of overlying fluvial and slope sequences (Billy Springs Beds and possibly correlative upper Pound Subgroup). It is considered likely that more distal elements of this prograding clastic wedge provided the necessary material for canyon erosion, prior to canyon filling and ultimate burial by what may have been elements of the same depositional cycle. It is considered possible that the series of isolated outcrops of canyon cross-sections within the Wonoka Formation are sections of a single canyon thalweg developed within a considerably broader zone of slope degradation. If this interpretation is correct, then the gorge-like Patsy Springs Canyon lies in more proximal regions of the basin-slope, whereas 40 km to the north-east the lower slope is cut by the Fortress Hill Canyon Complex. Palaeocurrent analyses of channel-fill turbidites within the canyons imply that the Fortress Hill Complex is in fact the outcropping western edge of a sinuous, incised canyon thalweg. The Wonoka Formation canyons, containing basal sedimentary breccias but only minor conglomerates, are considered typical of passive margin canyon development. They are contrasted with the generally highly conglomeratic channel-fills observed in outcropping Tertiary and Cretaceous examples of active margin canyons and upper fan valleys.  相似文献   

16.
四川盆地东北部飞仙关组中发育大量浅滩相沉积，不同地区浅滩形成时的古地理背景及海平面升降情况不同，导致沉积物岩性及储集性能截然不同。广元、通江、南江、巴中地区浅滩位于下三叠统飞仙关组三段，形成于海平面上升过程，沉积物一直处于被海水淹没状态，未曾暴露，岩性为灰色亮晶鲕粒灰岩、亮晶砂屑灰岩，颗粒间全被方解石晶体充填，岩石孔隙度和渗透率低，储集性能相对较差。达县—宣汉地区浅滩位于飞仙关组二段中，沉积基底为一水下高地，形成于海平面下降过程；沉积物经常暴露于潮上，发生白云岩化和大气淡水溶蚀作用，埋葬后岩石又发生了重结晶作用和进一步溶蚀作用，岩性为砂屑白云岩、溶孔白云岩、残余鲕粒白云岩夹少量灰岩、鲕粒灰岩，岩石中晶间孔、粒间孔及溶孔丰富，孔隙度高，渗透率好，储集性能极佳。油气勘探时要注意寻找类似达县—宣汉地区飞仙关组二段中的暴露浅滩型储层。  相似文献   

17.
The Middle to Late Eocene Mangahewa Formation of Taranaki Basin, New Zealand, has been evaluated in terms of organic matter abundance, type, thermal maturity, burial history, and hydrocarbon generation potential. Mangahewa Formation reflects the deposition of marine, marginal marine, shallow marine, and terrestrial strata due to alternative transgressive and regressive episodes in Taranaki Basin. The sediments of the Mangahewa Formation contain type II (oil prone), types II–III (oil-gas prone), and type III kerogens (gas prone), with hydrogen index values ranging from 58 to 490 mg HC/g total organic content (TOC). Vitrinite reflectance data ranging between 0.55 and 0.8 %Ro shows that the Mangahewa Formation is ranging from immature to mostly mature stages for hydrocarbon generation. Burial history and hydrocarbon generation modeling have been applied for two wells in the study area. The models have been interpreted that Mangahewa Formation generated oil in the Mid Miocene and gas during Middle to Late Miocene times. Interpretations of the burial models confirm that hydrocarbons of Mangahewa Formation have not yet attained peak generation and are still being expelled from the source rock to present.  相似文献   

18.
元素地球化学在沉积环境判别中发挥重要的作用,尤其是沉积物形成时的氧化-还原环境和底层水体状况.本文对南大巴山上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组泥岩开展了元素地球化学分析,结果表明:临湘组Al2 O3含量高于五峰组,五峰组—龙马溪组向上逐渐增加,TiO2和Al2 O3具有相似的特征,二者与TOC呈负相关;氧化-还原敏感元素...  相似文献   

19.
The Proterozoic Nagthat Formation of the Krol-belt succession, in the Nainital area, is composed mainly of fine- to coarse-grained quartzarenite with a subordinate amount of purple to grey sandstone, siltstone-shale and conglomerate horizons. The association with spilitic lava flows, variable palaeocurrent trends and the restricted lateral extent of the Nagthat Formation within the Krol-belt succession imply an active role for tectonism in the basin of deposition. In the upward coarsening succession of the Nagthat Formation, six major lithofacies have been identified: medium- to coarse-grained gravelly quartzarenite (Lithofacies A), planar cross-bedded, medium-grained quartzarenite (Lithofacies B), horizontally laminated, fine-grained quartzarenite (Lithofacies D), interbedded sandstone-shale (Lithofacies E) and matrix-supported conglomerate (Lithofacies F). The constituent lithofacies are repetitive in nature, forming upward fining unit cycles and interpreted to reflect deposition as upper shore-face, shoals and bars, barrier-beachface, tidal channels (inlets), intertidal–sandflat–mixedflat environments and, occasionally, in the form of gravity flows in subtidal channels. The general upward coarsening succession of the Nagthat Formation represents deposition in a progradational (regressive) barrier island system. The palaeocurrent pattern in the Nagthat Formation is distinctly polymodal and indicates sediment distribution across the roughly NW–SE trending shoreline, in response to a dominating flood tidal current system. The palaeocurrent pattern shows higher variability in the upper shore-face deposits than in the tidalflat domain. A recycled metasedimentary terrain served as the source for the Nagthat Formation, probably supplying the sediments from E, NE and S directions.  相似文献   

20.
前人认为皖南地区新元古代冰期地层存在两套冰碛岩。通过对皖南蓝田新元古界剖面和皖南地区的另外3条新元古界剖面的重新观察,发现该剖面只存在一套冰碛层和一套盖帽白云岩,均未发现间冰期地层。植被覆盖和地层错断是造成前人认为本地区新元古代冰期地层存在两套冰碛层和两套盖帽白云岩的主要原因。这一套冰碛层与中国南方扬子区南华系南沱组相当。  相似文献   

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