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1.
为明确同类油田的开发调整方向和潜力目标,以滚动勘探开发为目的,以A油田为例,探讨了黄河口凹陷中央构造脊北端新近系多油水系统油藏成因。储层与油源断层的有效配置是控制该类油气聚集的关键因素。基于已开发油田井震一体化精细地层对比和储层展布研究,细化了储层空间展布,并结合油源断层特征剖析,系统分析了储-断耦合对油气分布的控制作用。首先,油源断裂垂向活动强弱的差异与储层的匹配控制着油气垂向上主要聚集层位;其次,断裂平面发育程度的差异与储层展布的耦合控制着油气在平面上的分布;再次,储-断接触关系影响着油气的富集和赋存规律。 相似文献
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针对松辽盆地南部大情字井向斜区葡萄花油层石油成藏及富集规律研究程度低的问题,从有效烃源岩、优质储层、油源断层及断裂密集带4个方面入手,深入开展石油富集规律及成藏模式研究。根据断裂发育特征及构造高程,将向斜区进一步划分为3个次级构造单元,并对不同构造单元油藏类型和石油分布特征进行剖析：向斜断裂深洼区以断层-岩性油藏为主;向斜过渡缓坡区以岩性油藏、断层-岩性油藏和构造-岩性油藏为主;向斜过渡陡坡区发育少量岩性油藏。平面上,受断裂密集带发育位置的影响,石油主要呈条带状富集于向斜断裂深洼区和过渡缓坡区;垂向上,受储层发育位置的影响,石油集中分布于葡萄花油层Ⅱ砂组。以此为基础分析向斜区石油富集规律,得出石油富集的4个主控因素：①有效烃源岩厚度控制石油富集;②油源断层组成垂向优势输导通道;③分流河道岔道口是石油富集的有利部位;④断裂密集带控制石油富集。最终建立了向斜区4种成藏模式：①向斜断裂深洼区黑157井以南,嫩一段烃源岩供烃,超压倒灌,油源断层沟通,反向构造控藏;②向斜断裂深洼区黑157井以北,青一段烃源岩供烃,油选择性充注分流河道成藏及断裂密集带内断层组合形成的局部构造控藏;③向斜过渡缓坡区,构造-岩性和岩性圈闭控藏模式;④向斜过渡陡坡区岩性圈闭控藏模式。 相似文献
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松辽盆地T2反射界面高密度断层与扶杨油层油气"倒灌"运聚成藏关系密切,其成因机制备受地质学家关注,存在构造成因和水力断层等多种假说。本文系统研究了"T2"断层几何学特征,认为该断层以南北展布方向为主、断距和延伸长度幂律分布、密集成带、与断陷期断层呈"似花状"组合模式、部分断层多期活动,该断层有别于超压周期性释放产生的非构造成因的多边断层,为典型的构造成因断层。T2高密度断层和密集带的成因可以归结为3个因素: 1)坳陷期松辽盆地强烈拉张发生在青山口组沉积时期,泥岩低剪切强度导致构造破碎,是高密度断层形成的前提,2)基底-断陷期断裂、火山口和基岩隆起作为早期薄弱带,控制着坳陷期断裂的形成且密集成带,是高密度断层形成的根本原因。3)塑性泥岩在坳陷期发生水平拆离作用,导致断陷期断裂与坳陷期断裂上、下不衔接,T2和T1断层上、下贯通较少,这是造成仅T2反射层发育高密度断层的有力保障。构造反转期三肇凹陷整体活动较弱,断裂密集带边界断层选择性活动,向上延伸到T06 反射层以上,反转期活动的断层正赶上青山口组烃源岩大量生排烃时期,这些断层为扶杨和葡萄花油层有利的通道断层,控制着扶杨和葡萄花油层油气的运聚成藏与分布。 相似文献
4.
野外观察、典型地震解剖和物理模拟证实, 只要岩石存在能干性差, 断层具有典型垂向分段生长特征.岩石能干性差异决定断层演化历经3个阶段: 下部断层形成、断裂上下分段和贯通性断裂形成.以三肇凹陷为例, 应用岩石力学特征和断层相关褶皱理论, 证实扶杨油层砂岩层段普遍形成断裂, 青一段泥岩阻止下部断层向上传播, 从而形成断层垂向分段生长现象.结合油藏精细解剖表明, 三肇凹陷扶杨油层"倒灌"运移的主要油源断层是成藏期活动、沟通源储且垂向分段生长的断裂. 相似文献
5.
2010年6月28日, 广西凌云-凤山地区在特大强降雨活动之后发生密集的浅源低震级地震活动, 造成严重经济损失.该震群活动是否与强降雨有关, 强降雨是否可以触发震群活动, 仍存在争议.基于该地区地震构造背景, 对震群的活动特征、震源机制解及其与断裂构造的关系进行了分析, 并建立了断层内流体孔隙压力触发断层滑动的力学模型.该浅层震群活动的发生时间、震中位置和活动频次均与特大强降雨具有密切的相关性.认为岩溶地区长期干旱和地下水缺乏有利于地壳浅层的应力积累.地表流体很难通过下渗扩散触发断层的完全解锁和深部滑动, 但岩溶裂隙和管道有利于地表流体快速汇聚下渗, 引起断层浅层强度的弱化, 导致断层部分解锁滑动.并在断层附近形成局部应力场异常和离散的封闭性超压流体, 触发密集的浅层低震级震群活动. 相似文献
6.
三肇凹陷扶杨油层油气“倒灌”运聚成藏规律研究 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
松辽盆地三肇凹陷扶杨油层有着丰富的油气资源,但由于油“倒灌”运聚成藏的复杂性,使得如何进一步扩大储量区和已探明区块如何开发成为困扰勘探家的两大难题。扶杨油层油成藏的特殊性体现在两个方面:一是断层密度大、规模小且密集成带;二是三肇凹陷扶杨油层处于物源交汇区,主要的储集体河道砂展布规律难以预测。本研究在系统油源对比的基础上,以断裂形成演化为核心,标定油源断层,分析断裂与砂体的配置关系及其控油规律,建立了成藏模式。油源对比表明,三肇凹陷扶杨油层油主要来自青山口组烃源岩,成藏关键时刻为明水组沉积末期,因此断陷期形成坳陷期和反转期活动的断层以及坳陷期形成反转期活动的断层为主要的油源断层,油在超压作用下沿着油源断层“倒灌”运移,下排的深度一般为200 m,因此只有扶杨油层的顶部才是有利的目的层。扶杨油层断裂具有密集成带的特征,油源断层多为断裂密集带的边界断层,是主要的控藏断裂。油沿油源断层“倒灌”运移动力条件、断裂多期变形机制以及反转期青山口组泥岩水平拆离作用形成的水平裂缝的输导作用决定油主要富集在油源断层下盘河道砂中,在油源断层控制的地垒型断块中油最富集,断裂密集带处于构造低部位,不是主要的富集区。 相似文献
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南水北调西线一期工程区断层活动性及工程地质评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
南水北调西线一期工程位于青藏高原东部的边缘地带,海拔3 500 m以上,地质条件复杂,断层密集分布,褶皱强烈发育,构造活动频繁.通过ETM卫星影像和野外考察分析了工程引水隧洞线路区断层的空间分布及活动特征.工程区以桑日麻断裂、鲜水河断裂和甘德南断裂等对工程的影响最大,是潜在的发震断裂.深埋长引水隧洞在较高地应力作用下,软弱围岩及宽大断层带物质易产生大变形和长期流变.引水线路区褶皱、断层构造发育,有利于地下水富集、运移.在静、动水压力下,引水隧洞穿过断层及破碎带时易发生涌水、碎屑流和坍塌等地质灾害. 相似文献
8.
凹陷向斜区岩性类油藏是油气勘探的新领域,以松辽盆地升西-徐家围子向斜葡萄花油层为解剖对象,在向斜区构造单元细分基础上,对不同构造部位油藏类型和油水分布规律进行剖析:向斜外缘缓坡区主要发育油水界面相对统一的构造-岩性油藏;向斜过渡陡坡区主要发育上油下水或油水互层的断层-岩性油藏;向斜中心深洼区主要发育油水到置的岩性油藏;油平面上受断层密集带背形构造控制呈“条带状”分布,垂向上受沉积演化序列和微相物性差异影响“择层”分布。进而对向斜区油成藏主控因素与成藏模式进行了研究,得出向斜区成藏的4个主控因素:①有效烃源岩匹配古构造决定南北构造单元油富集差异;②油源断层组成油优势输导通道;③微相物性差异造成高孔渗分流河道砂体为油聚集优质储层;④断层密集带背形构造构成油富集主要部位。最终建立了向斜区4种成藏模式:①向斜中心深洼区断层密集带背形构造控藏模式;②向斜中心深洼区断层密集带间油选择性充注分流河道控藏模式;③向斜过渡陡坡区反向断层遮挡控藏模式;④向斜外缘缓坡区正向构造圈闭控藏模式。 相似文献
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10.
济阳坳陷孤南洼陷低熟油成藏特征 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
孤南洼陷具有丰富的低熟油资源，低熟油中的生物标志物以高伽玛蜡烷含量，植烷优势，低成熟度为特征。下第三系沙一段是低熟油的源岩，其岩性为富含藻类有机质的油页岩，油泥岩，低熟油在平面上环生烃洼陷分布，剖面上层位集中在沙二－沙一段，断层控制了低熟油的运移距离和聚集层位，低熟油的成藏模式有3种，即自源侧向运移聚集成藏，自源断层垂向运聚成茂混合运取成藏模式。孤南洼陷低熟油盆地内部以侧向运移，侧向充注入岩性－断块圈闭为主，形成单源油藏。在断藏带原油是以垂向运移及垂向充注断块圈闭为主，形成混源油藏。 相似文献
11.
罗布泊盐湖钾盐矿床分布规律及控制因素分析 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
罗布泊盐湖位于塔里木盆地东部, 是世界最大第四纪干盐湖之一。自中更新世以来, 罗布泊北部受到新构造运动影响, 一方面, 发生抬升活动; 另一方面, 产生地堑式断裂及次级盆地(凹地)。调查发现罗布泊的次级凹地及断陷带内蕴藏有钾盐矿床, 主要是卤水钾盐矿床; 这些钾盐矿床(或成钾凹地)的分布具有方向性和一定等间距性。罗布泊卤水钾矿, 除在罗北凹地外, 在其外围的较小凹地内也有分布, 表现为“卫星式”分布模式; 而在地堑式断裂带延伸的范围区内也出现卤水, 其分布表现为“含水墙”状模式。固体钾盐沉积于罗北凹地中心区及外围断陷带内, 其形态与展布方向也受到地堑式断裂控制, 其沉积模式有“浓缩中心式”和“构造洼地式”两种, 前者钾盐沉积区面积均较大, 钾矿面积占凹地面积近1/4, 而后者沉积区面积很小, 钾盐沉积基本分布于整个洼地内; 固体钾盐分布区形态主要呈“条带状”模式, 其长宽比值平均为3.58。除了构造应力作用外, 罗布泊凹陷的几何形态、面积与补给来源方向等亦对罗布泊钾盐矿床的分布有一定影响作用。掌握罗布泊钾盐矿床的分布规律及控制因素, 对于古代钾盐勘查具有重要参考价值。 相似文献
12.
柴达木盆地北缘构造分区与煤系赋存特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
柴达木盆地北缘煤炭资源丰富,煤系赋存受构造格局控制明显。本文立足于煤田构造特点分析,结合煤系基底构造特征、主干断裂构造特征及煤系赋存特征分析,建立了柴北缘煤田构造单元划分方案,将柴北缘含煤区划分为3个三级构造单元和11个四级构造单元。以此为依据,讨论了构造格局对煤系赋存状况的控制。印支期后多次大规模的构造运动,使得煤系展布呈现出南北分带、东西分区的基本规律。三条隆起带南麓,受逆冲推覆构造作用,含煤地层抬升变浅,但多遭受剥蚀;三条凹陷带内煤系广泛分布,浅部可形成较大面积的有利勘探开发区块,成为柴北缘预测找煤的重点区域。 相似文献
13.
Lijie Wang Jitian Zhu Haiteng Zhuo Zhipeng Sun Aixue Song 《International Geology Review》2020,62(7-8):1108-1130
ABSTRACT Understanding fluid flow structures in a rifted basin may enhance our knowledge of their origination and evolution. Through geochemical analysis and seismic interpretation, different fluid flow features are identified in the central depression of Qiongdongnan basin, northern South China Sea. These structures include mud diapir, gas chimney, hydrothermal pipes, faults, blowout pipes, and associated extrusions. Mud diapirs are primarily located on the slope belts, whereas gas chimneys are on the basement highs in the southwest of the study area. Their distribution appears closely controlled by tectonic stress field and overpressure, the later is caused by hydrocarbon generation and compaction disequilibrium. High sediment overloading, weak post-rift tectonic activity, and high average geothermal gradient may contribute to the compaction disequilibrium. The occurrence of gas chimneys on the basement high suggests that lateral transportation and relief of overpressure is a significant factor. Distribution of broad hydrothermal pipes is related with the thinning continental crust and pre-existing boundary faults in the central depression. They are probably attributed to intruded sills dissolution and were caused by hydrothermal fluids vertically. Geochemical data from gas reservoirs analysis indicates that mud diapirs and gas chimneys are critical pathways for thermogenic gases, whereas hydrothermal pipes and part of the faults may act as pathways of both thermogenic and inorganic gases. The blowout pipes mainly occur in the northwestern central depression near the continental slope, where fluid flows ascend gradually from a series of Pliocene-current prograding wedge-formed units with a hydraulic fracture in shallow. Hundreds of seafloor pockmarks and mounds associated with blowout pipes located above the NE-SW elongated Pliocene-Quaternary slope-break belts. These extrusive structures indicate that fluids ascend through blowout pipes and were expelled at the present seabed. Our results indicate that fluid flow structures are probably responsible for fluid activities and must be taken into account when assessing the hydrocarbon potential, geologic hazard, and benthic ecosystem. 相似文献
14.
南天山褶皱冲断带西段变形空间差异性及控制因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新生代早期印度板块与欧亚板块持续碰撞汇聚导致欧亚板块内部发生大规模的陆内变形,天山造山带再次隆升,并向塔里木盆地大规模逆掩推覆,形成了现今南天山褶皱冲断带,其变形表现出明显的空间差异性。本文以南天山褶皱冲断带西段为研究对象,通过对不同构造带的地震剖面解释、运用平衡剖面技术恢复出各演化阶段发育过程并计算出相应的变形量,分析本区构造带的空间差异性及其控制因素。通过分析认为南天山褶皱冲断带西段可以进一步划分为巴什布拉克构造段,乌恰-阿图什-喀什构造段和柯坪西缘构造段。其中,巴什布拉克构造段变形特征主要呈一系列对冲构造和背驮盆地样式。乌恰-阿图什-喀什构造段变形特征表现为深、浅两个层次:深部发育堆垛构造和构造楔,浅部发育断层传播褶皱和逆冲断层改造的褶皱带。柯坪西缘构造段变形更加强烈,也表现为深、浅两个层次:深部发育堆垛构造,堆垛程度更大,浅部也发育断层传播褶皱和逆冲断层改造的褶皱带以及反冲断层系。结合该研究区的地质概况进一步分析,本文认为南天山褶皱冲断带西段构造变形的差异性可能与新生代以来帕米尔块体向北推进、塔拉斯-费尔干纳右行走滑断裂的活动、先存断裂的活化与韧性滑脱层的影响有关。 相似文献
15.
Zhenglong Jiang Shu Jiang Xiaodong Lan Buqing Wang Shaoying Huang He Zhang 《International Geology Review》2018,60(10):1213-1230
The Tarim Basin Craton is located in the center of the Tarim Basin. Since the beginning of the Miocene, the tectonic activity has been weaker in the Tarim Basin Craton than in the marginal depression and the peripheral orogenic belts. This study investigates the tectonic movements in the Tarim Basin Craton by calculating the sedimentation rates and constructing balanced cross-sections based on well, seismic and geologic data. The tectonic movements in the Tarim Basin Craton have mainly been revealed by geological processes such as sedimentation and subsidence, structural inversion, changes in the structural feature, migration of the structural highs, and faulting. The Neogene sedimentary strata were mainly deposited in two sedimentation centers, the southern and northern sedimentation centers, and the strata in the Central Uplift Zone are relatively thin. The different depressions in different geological periods experienced wide variations in tectonic activity. Tectonic subsidence was significant and the sedimentation rates were high in the Tarim Basin Craton during the Pliocene Period (phase II). During the Neotectonic period, the stresses in the South-North direction converged in the Central Uplift Zone (the Bachu uplift–Central Tarim uplift), and the tectonic activity in this region was more intense than that in the Northern Depression and the Maigaiti Slope in the southwest. In addition, the scale of the paleo-uplift, including paleo-North Tarim Uplift and paleo-Central Uplift Zone, gradually decreased. The faults and fault systems developed zonationally in Neotectonic formations in different structural units, and always distributed discontinuously in vertical direction in sections. 相似文献
16.
Tarim Basin is the large, very complex, oil-bearing basin in China, surrounded by the Tianshan–Beishan, West Kunlun and Altyn Tagh mountain belts to the north, south, and southeast, respectively. Understanding the processes and evolution of this complex superimposed basin, especially with respect to the effects of single tectonic movements, is a difficult challenge, which concerns the tectonic and dynamic interrelationships between the basin and the orogenic belts during the different stages of the Paleozoic in the Paleo-Asian and Tethyan tectonic systems and for the evaluation of the resource potentials in Tarim Basin. In this study, we focused on 3-dimensional, basin-scale structural architecture and the properties of two regional unconformities that occur within the basin and its adjacent areas. Here, we outline the structural deformations underlying the unconformity, the structural architecture styles and the distributions of the unconformity, and the stratigraphic sequence and nature of the sedimentary rocks immediately overlying the unconformity. During the late Early and Middle Paleozoic tectonic movements, disconformities developed mainly in the northern and the central parts of the basin, and angular unconformities which beneath layers were monocline and faulted-fold deformations developed in the southern, or the southern and northern parts of the basin, respectively. Before the Silurian, the Low Hotian Uplift, the NE-trending faulted-folded belts of the Tangguzibas Depression and the southern Tazhong Uplift underwent intense deformation related to SE–NW-directed tectonic compression. In addition, the NE-trending faults in the Tangguzibas Depression developed during periods of activity on the South Altyn Tagh Fault. The structural deformation, as well as the depositional facies, formed in response to the subduction and closure of the South Altun Ocean and West Kunlun–Kudi Ocean, and the resulting collisional orogeny. Prior to deposition of Upper Devonian sediments, structural deformation and erosion occurred in two marginal parts of the basin. The extent and intensity of deformation on the NE-trending faults in the Tangguzibas Depression were also reduced, whereas the NE-trending folds developed in the Manjiaer Depression. The Tabei Uplift experienced uplift and deformation. The closure of the North Altun Ocean and the eastern part of the South Tianshan Ocean with south-subduction may be the main driving forces for the tectonic activity. Extensive areas in the northern and southern margins of the basin were uplifted and denudated by orogenic activity as a prelude to the molasse basin that developed in the early Late Devonian in the northeastern and southeastern parts of the basin. The structural architecture of the unconformities reveals the geometry and dynamics of the basin–orogen system in single tectonic movements. 相似文献
17.
塔河油田十二区奥陶系油藏为碳酸盐岩岩溶缝洞型油藏,油气水分布规律复杂。对原油的物理性质、平面及纵向上的分布特征、油水界面等的分析表明,区内主要为高黏度、含蜡、高含硫的超重质原油。平面上密度分布呈西部和东部低、中部高的特点;纵向上原油密度与深度关系不大。高产油区多沿主断裂带分布。油水界面不统一,但从东向西随中奥陶统顶面的降低而降低。认为该区油气分布不受现今构造位置高低的控制,而是受区域构造背景、断裂带的分布、储集层的发育程度、成藏演化过程以及不整合面等因素综合控制。 相似文献
18.
19.
山西盆地现今地应力状态与地震危险性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在山西盆地南北两端4个地区共计13个深钻孔中进行了水压致裂地应力测量, 获得了现今地应力的大小、方向和分布规律。在盆地北端五台山、雁门关地区400~600 m深度内, 实测最大水平主应力值为8~12 MPa。而南端临汾、运城地区则具有较高的构造应力, 在400~500 m深度内实测最大水平主应力值为20~28 Mpa。地应力“南高北低”比较明显。运用这些实测的地应力资料, 根据库仑摩擦滑动准则, 对研究区内断裂的稳定性进行了力学分析。分析结果表明, 总体来看, 目前五台山、雁门关和临汾地区的水平主应力都未达到断层活动的临界值; 运城地区已接近断层活动临界值的下限, 若计入孔隙压力的影响因素, 运城地区最大水平主应力已达到逆断层活动的临界值。从地应力的角度分析认为该区发生地震的潜在危险性较大, 这一现象值得关注和研究。 相似文献
20.
陈春峰 《沉积与特提斯地质》2019,39(3):84-91
在精细地震资料构造解释基础上,认为上新世—第四纪是南黄海盆地新构造运动的主要活动期,对应南黄海盆地第二个阶段的断裂活动期。垂向上,新构造运动具有早晚构造响应差异:早期南北向弱挤压背景下以张性正断层为主,晚期东西向两幕挤压背景下以逆断层和褶皱为主;平面上,新构造运动影响亦具有差异:北部坳陷活动强烈、正断层发育、逆断层少量,而南部坳陷活动较弱。新构造运动与北部坳陷烃源岩的生排烃时期吻合,断裂带是重要输导体系,也是重要的潜在成藏区。 相似文献