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1.
Mohamed E. Hereher 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(4):1117-1125
A set of six Landsat satellite images with 5–9 years apart was used in a post-classification analysis to map changes occurred
at Rosetta promontory between 1973 and 2008 due to coastal erosion. Spectral information were extracted from two multi-spectral
scanner (MSS) images (1973 and 1978), three thematic mapper (TM) images (1984, 1990, and 1999), and one enhanced thematic
mapper plus (ETM+) image (2008). To estimate the quantity of land loss in terms of coastal erosion, a supervised classification
scheme was applied to each image to highlight only two classes: seawater and land. The area of each class was then estimated
from the number of pixels pertaining to this class in every image. In addition, the shoreline position was digitized to address
retreat/advance pattern throughout the study period. Results showed that Rosetta promontory had lost 12.29 km2 of land between 1973 and 2008 and the shoreline withdrew southward about 3.5 km due to coastal erosion. Most land loss and
shoreline retreat occurred between 1973 and 1978 (0.55 km2/year and 132 m/year, respectively). Coastal protection structures were constructed successively at the promontory. These
structures have considerably contributed to reduce coastal erosion; however, they promoted downdrift erosion. 相似文献
2.
三峡大坝建成后长江输沙量的减少及其对长江三角洲的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
三峡大坝建成之后,大量泥沙滞留于库区,出库泥沙量减少,坝下河床冲刷而提供相当数量的泥沙,支流湖泊供沙也发生变化,这将使进入河口地区的泥沙有所减少。三峡大坝以上长江干流和支流建设新的大坝,南水北调、封山育林、退耕还林以及减少水土流失都将进一步减少长江进入河口地区的泥沙。由此估计,三峡大坝建成后的百年内长江输入河口地区的泥沙约为2.0×108～2.5×108t/a;冰后期长江三角洲形成和发育期间的长江年均输沙量为1.84×108～2.28×108t。二者的数值相当接近,然而与近50年的观测(4.33×108t/a)相差甚远,长江流域的气候变化和人类活动可能是造成这一现象的原因。文章着重说明中国和长江上游人口的增长、种植作物的改变可能是水土流失、长江泥沙量增长的主要原因。 相似文献
3.
三峡大坝建成后长江输沙量的减少及其对长江三角洲的影响 总被引：19，自引：6，他引：13
三峡大坝建成之后,大量泥沙滞留于库区,出库泥沙量减少,坝下河床冲刷而提供相当数量的泥沙,支流湖泊供沙也发生变化,这将使进入河口地区的泥沙有所减少。三峡大坝以上长江干流和支流建设新的大坝,南水北调、封山育林、退耕还林以及减少水土流失都将进一步减少长江进入河口地区的泥沙。由此估计,三峡大坝建成后的百年内长江输入河口地区的泥沙约为2.0×108～2.5×108t/a;冰后期长江三角洲形成和发育期间的长江年均输沙量为1.84×108～2.28×108t。二者的数值相当接近,然而与近50年的观测(4.33×108t/a)相差甚远,长江流域的气候变化和人类活动可能是造成这一现象的原因。文章着重说明中国和长江上游人口的增长、种植作物的改变可能是水土流失、长江泥沙量增长的主要原因。 相似文献
4.
The coastal zone of the Sagar island has been studied. The island has been subjected to erosion by natural processes and to
a little extent by anthropogenic activities over a long period. Major landforms identified in the coastal area of the Sagar
island are the mud flats/salt marshes, sandy beaches/dunes and mangroves. The foreshore sediments are characterized by silty,
slightly sandy mud, slightly silty sand and silty sand. Samples 500 m inland from high waterline are silty slightly sandy
mud, and by clayey slightly sandy mud. The extent of coastline changes are made by comparing the topographic maps of 1967
and satellite imageries of 1996, 1998 and 1999. Between 1967 and 1999 about 29.8 km2 of the island has been eroded and the accreted area is only 6.03 km2. Between 1996 and 1998 the area underwent erosion of 13.64 km2 while accretion was 0.48 km2. From 1998 to 1999, 3.26 km2 additional area was eroded with meager accretion. Erosion from 1997 to 1999 was estimated at 0.74 km2 /year; however, from 1996 to 1999, the erosion rate was calculated as 5.47 km2/year. The areas severely affected by erosion are the northeastern, southwestern and southeastern faces of the island. As
a consequence of coastal erosion, the mud flats/salt marshes, sandy beaches/dunes and mangroves have been eroded considerably.
Deposition is experienced mainly on the western and southern part of the island. The island is built primarily by silt and
clay, which can more easily be eroded by the waves, tides and cyclonic activities than a sandy coast. Historic sea level rises
accompanied by land subsidence lead to differing rates of erosion at several pockets, thus periodically establishing new erosion
planes. 相似文献
5.
南黄海潮成辐射砂脊群的面积约为20000km2，以160° 的角度从弓京港向海展开。它与以弓京港为顶点的辐聚辐散潮流场相伴而生。60余个钻孔揭示，毗邻海区辐射砂脊体系的江苏沿岸平原上存在一个面积约3000 km2潮成砂区，其顶点位于东台，同样呈扇形以130°的角度向东展开。在潮成砂区内潮成砂质沉积单元位于冰后期海侵型砂坝-湖沉积层之上，二者之间具明显的冲刷面。砂坝-湖沉积层位于晚更新世基底硬粘土层之上，二者之间有较长的沉积间断。潮成砂沉积层上覆潮坪沉积层，二者呈渐变关系。以潮成砂层底部的侵蚀面为界，其下为海侵序列，其上为海退序列。古潮流的研究揭示，潮成砂区内同样存在辐聚辐散的古潮流场，其顶点位于东台附近。由此推断，沿海平原的潮成砂区内也是辐射状潮成砂脊体系，它形成于全新世海退时期。由于长江和黄河三角洲的前展，以东台为顶点的潮成砂脊体系逐渐暴露成陆。陆上和海域潮成辐射砂脊群形成于相同的潮汐动力环境，但处在不同的发育阶段，前者形成于全新世中期，后者发育于全新世晚期。矿物分析揭示，陆上和海区的潮成辐射砂脊体系主要由长江和黄河沉积物组成，其中长江沉积物由南向北运移，且时间较早；黄河沉积物由北向南运移，时间较迟，这种泥沙的运移趋势一直延续至今。随着海平面上升趋于减缓，长江三角洲增长，江苏海岸线向外推进，苏北潮成砂区逐渐出露成陆。1128年黄河由苏北入海，大量的黄河沉积物的加入，加快了本区海岸线的推进速度。潮成辐射砂脊体系与辐聚辐散的潮流场相伴而生，全新世最大海侵以来，辐聚辐散的潮流场的位置曾经历三次变化，第一次以长江古河口湾为顶点，第二次位于现今陆上潮成砂区，第三次位于以弓京港为顶点的现代海域，代表了潮成辐射砂脊体系发育的三个阶段。只是长江古河口湾的潮成辐射砂脊体系由于河流的巨大改造作用，可能未很好保存，至今未发现典型的辐射砂脊体系。 相似文献
6.
Natural and anthropogenic influences in the northeastern coast of the Nile delta,Egypt 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Landsat enhanced thematic mapper imagery (ETM) of 2002 and aerial photography of 1955, combined with published charts and
field observations were used to interpret coastal changes in the zone between Kitchener drain and Damietta spit in the northeastern
Nile delta, previously recognized as a vulnerable zone to the effects of any sea level rise resulting from global warming.
The interpretation resulted in recognition of several changes in nine identified geomorphological land types: beach and coastal
flat, coastal dunes, agricultural deltaic land, sabkhas, fish farms, Manzala lagoon, saltpans, marshes and urban centers.
Reclamation of vast areas of the coastal dunes and of Manzala lagoon added about 420 km2 to the agricultural deltaic land.
About 48 km2 of backshore flats, marshes, salt pans and Manzala lagoon have been converted to productive fish farms. The main
urban centers have expanded; nearly 12.1 km2 have been added to their areas, and new urban centers (Damietta harbor and the New Damietta city) with total area reach of
~35.3 km2 have been constructed at the expense of vast areas of Manzala lagoon, coastal dunes, and backshore flats. As a consequence
of human activities, the size of Manzala lagoon has been reduced to more than 65%. Shoreline changes have been determined
from beach profile survey (1990–2000), and comparison of 1955 aerial photographs and ETM satellite image of 2002 reveal alongshore
patterns of erosion versus accretion. The short-term rate of shoreline retreat (1990–2000) has increased in the downdrift
side of Damietta harbor (≃14 m/year), whereas areas of accretion exist within the embayment of Gamasa and in the shadow of
Ras El Bar detached breakwaters system, with a maximum shoreline advance of ~15 m/year. A sandy spit, 12 km long, has developed
southeast of Damietta promontory. These erosion/accretion patterns denote the natural processes of wave-induced longshore
currents and sediment transport, in addition, the impact of man-made coastal protection structures. 相似文献
7.
Geochemistry of the dissolved load of the Changjiang Basin rivers: Anthropogenic impacts and chemical weathering 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
B. Chetelat C.-Q. Liu Z.Q. Zhao Q.L. Wang S.L. Li J. Li B.L. Wang 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(17):4254-4277
This study focuses on the chemical and Sr isotopic compositions of the dissolved load of the rivers of the Changjiang Basin, one of the largest riverine systems in the world. Water samples were collected in August 2006 from the main tributaries and the main Changjiang channel. The chemical and isotopic analyses indicated that four major reservoirs (carbonates, silicates, evaporites and agriculture/urban effluents) contribute to the total dissolved solutes. The overall chemical weathering (carbonate and silicate) rate for the Changjiang is approximately 40 ton/km2/year or 19 mm/kyr, similar to that of the Ganges-Brahmaputra system, and the basin is characterized by carbonate and silicate weathering rates ranging from 17 to 56 ton/km2/year and from 0.7 to 7.1 ton/km2/year, respectively. In the lower reach of the Changjiang main channel, the weathering rates are estimated to be 36 and 2.2 ton/km2/year for carbonates and silicates, respectively. It appears that sulphuric acid may dominate chemical weathering reactions for some sub-basins. The budgets of CO2 consumption are estimated to be 646 × 109 and 191 × 109 mol/year by carbonate and silicate weathering, respectively. The contribution of the anthropogenic inputs to the cationic TDS of the Changjiang is estimated to be 15-20% for the most downstream stations. Our study suggested that the Changjiang is strongly impacted by human activities and is very sensitive to the change of land use. 相似文献
8.
《China Geology》2019,2(1):26-39
Bulletins of China’s National Sea Level show that the average rising rate of sea-levels in China is 3.3 mm/a over the past 40 years, with an obviously accelerated rising trend in the last decade. The rate of relative sea-level rise of the Yangtze River Delta reached >10 mm/a after considering the land subsidence, and Bohai Bay is even greater than 25 mm/a. The impact of the sea level rise to the coastal area will be greater in the coming years, so carrying out an assessment of this rising trend is urgent. This paper, taking the coastal area of Tianjin and Hebei as examples, comprehensively evaluates the impact of sea-level rise through multitemporal remote sensing shoreline interpretation, ground survey verification, elevation measurements for both seawall and coastal lowlands. The results show that the average elevation of the measured coastal areas of Tianjin and Hebei is about +4 m, and the total area of >100 km2 is already below the present mean sea level. More than 270 km, ca. 31% of the total length of the seawall, cannot withstand a 1-in-100-year storm surge. Numerical simulations of the storm flooding on the west coast of Bohai Bay, for 1-in-50-years, 1-in-100-years, 1-in-200-years and 1-in-500-years, show that if there were no coastal dykes, the maximum flooding area would exceed 3000 km2, 4000 km2, 5300 km2 and 7200 km2, respectively. The rising sea has a direct and potential impact on the coastal lowlands of Tianjin and Hebei. Based on the latest development in international sea-level rise prediction research, this paper proposes 0.5 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m as low, middle and high sea level rise scenarios by 2100 for the study area, and combines the land subsidence and other factors to the elevation of the existing seawall. Comprehensive evaluation results indicate that even in the case of a low scenario, the existing seawall will not be able to withstand a 1-in-100-years storm surge in 2030, and the potential flooding areas predicted by the model will become a reality in the near future. Therefore, the seawall design in the coastal areas of Tianjin and Hebei must consider the combined effects of land subsidence, sea level rise and the extreme storm surges caused by it.©2019 China Geology Editorial Office. 相似文献
9.
Estimation of areas of sand and dust emission in the Hexi Corridor from a land cover database: an approach that combines remote sensing with GIS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The present study combined remote sensing with geographical information system (GIS) technology to interpret Landsat TM images
from 1996 to 2000 and establish a land cover database for the Hexi Corridor of China’s Gansu Province. The areas of sand and
dust emission and trends in their change were extracted by analyzing the database, with the following results: In 2000, the
source area for sand and dust storms totaled nearly 170,000 km2, accounting for 75.1% of the study region. The emission area decreases from as much as 70,000 km2 in winter and spring to around 58,000 km2 in summer and autumn, accounting for 41.1 and 34.1% of the source area, respectively. During the 4 years of the study period,
the emission area decreased by nearly 57 km2 in winter and spring (a 0.1% change); however, the vulnerability of the land surface to wind erosion increased in ca. 190 km2 and decreased in ca. 102 km2. Although the area of dust emission decreased from 1996 to 2000, the area vulnerable to wind erosion increased by ca. 87 km2, and the increased number of sand and dust storm days in the region between 2000 and 2003 appears to be correlated with this
increase. 相似文献
10.
海南岛北部浅海海砂资源丰富,以砂砾质沉积为主,集中于琼州海峡东口潮流沙脊区、河口三角洲和沿岸水下岸坡等海域。本文通过对海南岛北部海域的地形地貌、地层、底质类型等方面的调查,分东、西两个区域研究了海砂资源的分布、范围、规模和类型等地质特征,并估算了海砂资源量,结合沉积环境,评价了各区域海砂的资源潜力。研究区海砂分布广泛,但东、西区特征和规模具有较大差异,西区海砂以砂质砾和泥质砂为主,厚度5~10 m;东区海砂以砂、砾质砂和砂质砾为主,厚度10~50 m,规模远超西区。研究区共圈定出9处资源潜力区,资源量为91.4亿m3,其余区域为远景区,其资源量为71.5亿m3。根据地形地貌、水动力和沉积环境等因素,研究区海砂可分为潮流沙脊堆积体系、河口水下三角洲堆积体系、岬湾海岸水下岸坡堆积体系和侵蚀残留体系几种类型。其中位于琼州海峡东口浅滩区的潮流沙脊堆积体系海砂连续分布面积达328 km2,平均厚度超过25 m,资源量83.9亿m3,最具潜力。 相似文献
11.
《Sedimentary Geology》1999,123(3-4):219-238
The Umm Az Zimul–Al Wijan area is located in the southeastern part of the UAE and covers about 1600 km2. It is bounded to the east by the Oman Mountains and to the south and west by the extensive dune area of Ar Rub' Al Khali. Field investigation revealed the common occurrence of parallel to sub-parallel sand ridges with a general east–west orientation. Also present, but less frequent, are barchan, barchanoid and star dunes. Interdune areas are classified into four types that include: dolomite, mixed ancient sabkha and ophiolitic rock fragments, mixed sand sheet and ophiolitic rock fragments, and recent sabkha. The textural characteristics of the sand forming the dunes are unimodal with a modal class in fine sand size, moderately to very well sorted, positively skewed and mesokurtic. Quartz grains are mainly subrounded to subangular. The similarity in roundness properties in different dune types in the eastern province of the UAE seems not to be influenced by dune form. Based on the heavy mineral suites and the angularity of quartz grains, it is believed that the sand sediments are mostly derived from the ultrabasic rocks forming the ophiolitic sequence of the Oman Mountains, acidic rocks of Iran and from the coastal area. 相似文献
12.
海岸带是中国社会经济发展的前沿地带,人口密度最大、城镇化程度最高,在中国海洋强国战略中发挥重要的支撑作用,同时也是中国资源环境压力最大的区域。本文在全面分析近20年来中国海岸带地质资源环境调查成果的基础上,系统梳理了海岸带地区地质资源环境优势和存在的地质环境问题。中国海岸带地质资源环境优势突出,为绿色发展提供了良好条件,重要地质资源环境优势包括:1.2×10~4km~2滩涂后备土地资源可适度开发,以缓解海岸带建设用地紧张局面;2.8×10~4km~2绿色富硒土地和4.1×10~5km~2绿色渔场,适宜发展绿色特色农业和建设海洋牧场;浅层地温能和地热水年可开采量折合标准煤4.2×10~8t,对改善能源结构、减少大气污染有重要作用;5.8×10~4km~2滨海湿地和134处国家级和世界级地质遗迹资源,为海岸带生态文明建设提供了条件;90%的陆域适宜城镇和重大工程规划建设,地下空间开发条件较好,为海岸带地质安全提供了保障。存在的主要环境问题包括:海岸带局部存在活动断裂、地面沉降、地面塌陷、海岸侵蚀淤积、风暴潮等重大地质问题,对部分城市与重要基础设施形成威胁,局部地区水、土污染及海水入侵严重,需要高度重视。建议加大海岸带多学科综合地质调查,构建多要素、多圈层、多维度地质模型,查明自然灾害发生的规律和原因,减轻对人民生命财产造成的损失。 相似文献
13.
Relationships between rocky desertification and spatial pattern of land use in typical karst area,Southwest China 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
Yongjun Jiang Linli Li Chris Groves Daoxian Yuan Pat Kambesis 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2009,59(4):881-890
Karst rocky desertification is a typical type of land degradation in the Southwest China. An attempt was made to study quantitatively
the relationships between rocky desertification and spatial pattern of land use through applying spatial analysis of Geographical
Information System in Nandong underground river system, a typical karst area, Southwest China. The spatial distribution of
rocky desertification and spatial pattern of land use were obtained from interpreting Landsat Images in Nandong area in 2007
by supervised classifications, and verified and rectified through field survey. The results indicate that: (1) the total land
deserted area covers 378.3 km2, or 23.4% of the total area, of which intense, moderate and slight rocky desertification covers 269.46, 54.2, and 54.63 km2, respectively, in Nandong area. (2) There is an obvious effect of spatial pattern of land use on rocky desertification. With
the increase of elevation and slope, there is a higher occurrence ratio of rocky desertification in the cultivated land and
grass land. Also, more than half of total rocky desertification was dominated within the areas of 4 km from the construction
land, and 97% of total rocky desertification was dominated within the areas of 10 km from the construction land in Nandong
area. And what can be known from the data is that the primary effect distance of human on rocky desertification from the construction
land is 4 km, and the farthest effect distance of human on rocky desertification from the construction land is 10 km in Nandong
area. 相似文献
14.
Jane M. Chewings Cliff B. Atkins Gavin B. Dunbar Nicholas R. Golledge 《Sedimentology》2014,61(6):1535-1557
Aeolian sand and dust in polar regions are transported offshore over sea ice and released to the ocean during summer melt. This process has long been considered an important contributor to polar sea floor sedimentation and as a source of bioavailable iron that triggers vast phytoplankton blooms. Reported here are aeolian sediment dispersal patterns and accumulation rates varying between 0·2 g m?2 yr?1 and 55 g m?2 yr?1 over 3000 km2 of sea ice in McMurdo Sound, south‐west Ross Sea, adjacent to the largest ice free area in Antarctica. Sediment distribution and the abundance of southern McMurdo Volcanic Group‐derived glass, show that most sediment originates from the McMurdo Ice Shelf and nearby coastal outcrops. Almost no sediment is derived from the extensive ice free areas of the McMurdo Dry Valleys due to winnowed surficial layers shielding sand‐sized and silt‐sized material from wind erosion and because of the imposing topographic barrier of the north‐south aligned piedmont glaciers. Southerly winds of intermediate strength (ca 20 m sec?1) are primarily responsible for transporting sediment northwards and offshore. The results presented here indicate that sand‐sized sediment does not travel more than ca 5 km offshore, but very‐fine sand and silt grains can travel >100 km from source. For sites >10 km from the coast, the mass accumulation rate is relatively uniform (1·14 ± 0·57 g m?2 yr?1), three orders of magnitude above estimated global atmospheric dust values for the region. This uniformity represents a sea floor sedimentation rate of only 0·2 cm kyr?1, well below the rates of >9 cm kyr?1 reported for biogenic‐dominated sedimentation measured over much of the Ross Sea. These results show that, even for this region of high‐windblown sediment flux, aeolian processes are only a minor contributor to sea floor sedimentation, excepting areas proximal to coastal sources. 相似文献
15.
Groundwater discharge and non-point source (NPS) loading were evaluated along an urban reach of an eastern-slopes Rocky Mountains river (Bow River, Canada) to understand sources of water-quality impacts and baseflow. The discharge did not increase measurably over a 16-km reach. Groundwater in the river-connected alluvial aquifer was a mixture of river and prairie groundwater, with elevated chloride concentrations (average 379 mg L–1) from road salt. Alluvial groundwater was the major NPS of chloride discharging to the river. Although the mass-flux based estimates of groundwater discharge were small (mean 0.02 m3 s–1 km–1, SD = 0.04 m3 s–1 km–1, n?=?30), the associated chloride mass flux over 16 km was significant (equivalent to that discharged from the city’s largest wastewater-treatment-plant effluent). Although local groundwater baseflow was previously thought to contribute significantly to overwinter baseflow in this reach, little contribution was measured in this study. Low baseflow generation is consistent with long-term river discharge data that show almost all of the baseflow generation occurs in the Rocky Mountain reach. Thus, local watershed areas are important for water-quality protection, but climate change in the headwaters is most salient to long-term flow. 相似文献
16.
海南省海洋地质调查主要进展与成果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在中央和地方的共同推动下,海南省海洋地质调查工作取得了长足的进步。为进一步提升海南省海洋地质工作效果,对近年来实施的海洋地质调查工作的主要进展进行了综述,其成果可分为4个方面,即海洋区域地质调查、海岸带与海湾地质环境综合调查与评价、海砂资源调查与评价和岛礁综合地质调查。其中: 1∶100万的海洋区域地质调查已实现了全覆盖,1∶25万的已开展3个图幅工作; 海岸带与海湾地质环境综合调查与评价工作已全面开展,基本查明了本岛沿岸20 m水深以浅的地质概况,重点岸段调查比例尺可达1∶5万,较系统地梳理了海岸带的地质资源与环境现状; 海砂资源调查与评价主要针对锆、钛砂矿和建筑用海砂开展,初步查明了海南岛周边陆架区沉积物类型和海砂潜力分布区,对成矿条件较好的海域开展了详细勘查,圈定了多个海砂开发矿产地; 岛礁综合地质调查工作主要查明了其基础地质条件和开发利用现状,对海岛的进一步开发和管理提出了建议,同时系统地开展了西沙群岛的海陆统筹地质调查工作,掌握了大比例尺的基础地质数据,并研究了其形成和演化过程,为三沙的海岛建设提供了依据。通过地质调查,获得了海南省基础海洋地质数据,查明了海洋资源和环境概况,为海南省的海洋经济发展提供了可靠的地质支撑。 相似文献
17.
The Ouémé River estuary is located on the seasonally humid tropical coast of Benin, west Africa. A striking feature of this microtidal estuary is the presence of a large sand barrier bounding a 120 km2 circular central basin, Lake Nokoué, that is being infilled by heterogeneous fluvial deposits supplied by a relatively large catchment (50 000 km2). Borehole cores from the lower estuary show basal Pleistocene lowstand alluvial sediments overlain by Holocene transgressive–highstand lagoonal mud and by transgressive to probably early highstand tidal inlet and flood‐tidal delta sand deposited in association with non‐preserved transgressive sand barriers. The change in estuary‐mouth sedimentation from a transgressive barrier‐inlet system to a regressive highstand barrier reflects regional modifications in marine sand supply and in the cross‐barrier tidal flux associated with barrier‐inlet systems. As barrier formation west of the Ouémé River led to an increasingly rectilinear shoreline, the longshore drift cell matured, ensuring voluminous eastward transport of sand from the Volta Delta in Ghana, the major purveyor of sand, to the Ouémé embayment, 200 km east. Concomitantly, the number of tidal inlets, and the tidal flux associated with a hitherto interlinked lagoonal system on this coast, diminished. Complete sealing of Lake Nokoué has produced a large, permanently closed estuary, where tidal intrusion is assured through the interconnected coastal lagoon via an inlet located 60 km east. Since 1885, tides have entered the estuary directly through an artificial outlet cut across the sand barrier. Although precluding the seaward loss of fluvial sediments, permanent estuary‐mouth closure has especially deprived the highstand estuary of marine sand, a potentially important component in estuarine infill on wave‐dominated coasts. In spite of a significant fluvial sediment supply, estuarine infill has been moderate, because of the size of the central basin. Estuarine closure has resulted in two co‐existing highstand sediment suites, with limited admixture, the marine‐derived, estuary‐mouth barrier and upland‐derived back‐barrier sediments. This situation differs from that of mature barrier estuaries characterized by active fluvial‐marine sediment mixing and facies interfingering. 相似文献
18.
青藏高原东部长江流域盆地陆地化学风化研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
长江河水主要离子由流域盆地碳酸盐岩的风化所控制,沱沱河和楚玛尔河受蒸发盐岩影响较为明显;河水溶质载荷Si,Si/TZ *,Si/(Na* K)等指标表明,长江流域盆地地表硅酸盐岩风化还是浅表层次的;金沙江地表化学剥蚀速率为1.74×103mol/yr.km2,雅砻江为1.69×103mol/yr.km2,大渡河为1.57×103mol/yr.km2,岷江为1.88×103mol/yr.km2,长江河源区楚玛尔河为2.32×103mol/yr.km2,沱沱河为1.37×103mol/yr.km2,流域地表化学剥蚀速率可与世界上其它造山带的河流进行对比。 相似文献
19.
Landscape change and sandy desertification in arid areas: a case study in the Zhangye Region of Gansu Province, China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The Zhangye Region of Gansu Province is an important agricultural base in arid northwestern China. During the twentieth century, especially in the last five decades, the region has experienced sandy desertification. To document the status and causes of this deterioration, satellite images, meteorological and socioeconomic data to assess landscape change from 1993 to 2002 were interpreted and analyzed. The results show that during the intervening 9-year period the area of sandy lands has increased by 642.2 km2, which consist of aeolian sand dune (357.1 km2) and potential sandy land (216.3 km2). Although the development and reversion of sandy desertification co-exist, the sandy desertification in this area seems serious and is attributable to the irrational use of water and land. 相似文献
20.
地质地貌条件是长江中游洪灾形成的背景条件,近代洪水位不断上升是人-地不和谐作用下流域环境系统演化的结果.人类作用导致的多流归槽改变了长江中游河流的地貌过程和水文特性,致使洪水过程显著;大堤修筑导致堤外河漫滩出现泥沙加积,自1650年荆江大堤合拢以来,边滩总体淤积厚度为2.8～11.0m,平均淤积速率12.54～25.64mm/a;围湖造田导致江汉-洞庭平原蓄洪空间减少和"小水大灾"局面的形成;漫滩筑堤围垸严重影响了长江行洪,仅荆江段就有围筑的民垸84个,总面积为4895.95km2,民垸面积是泄洪面积的近9倍.因此,在认识自然规律的基础上,正确协调人-地-水关系,重建良性循环的流域环境系统,是解决长江中游的水患的根本出路. 相似文献