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1.
基于“3S”的贵州喀斯特石漠化现状及变化趋势分析 总被引：21，自引：4，他引：21
石漠化是在喀斯特脆弱的生态环境下,不合理的社会经济活动的产物。利用贵州省遥感影像,在3S平台上获取了研究区喀斯特石漠图,分析了贵州省喀斯特石漠化现状。结果表明,全省喀斯特面积11.3158万km2,现有石漠化土地面积达4.1091万km2,约占全省喀斯特面积的36.3%,为西南地区石漠化最为严重的省份。空间分布上,贵州石漠化存在西部重、东部轻、南部重、北部较轻的宏观格局;在2000-2005年,部分潜在、轻度石漠化经过治理转变成了无石漠化,但石漠化总的面积仍在增加,新增总量为5172km2,平均年增长率为2.88%,发展速度较快。 相似文献
2.
Rocky desertification and its causes in karst areas: a case study in Yongshun County,Hunan Province,China 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Rocky desertification, a process of land degradation characterized by soil erosion and bedrock exposure, is one of the most
serious land degradation problems in karst areas, and is regarded as an obstacle to local sustainable development. It is well
known that human activities can accelerate rocky desertification; however, the effects of climate change on rocky desertification
in karst areas are still unclear. This study focused on the effects of temperature and precipitation changes and human activities
on rocky desertification in karst areas to determine the impacts of climate change and human disturbances on rocky desertification.
Areas of different level of rocky desertification were obtained from Landsat TM (1987) and Landsat ETM+ (2000) images. The
results show that, although the total desertification area increased by only 1.27% between 1987 and 2000, 17.73% of the slightly
desertified land had degraded to a moderate or intense level, 2.01 and 15.71%, respectively. Meanwhile, between 1987 and 2000,
the air temperature increased by 0.7°C, and precipitation increased by 170 mm. Statistical results indicate that the increase
in precipitation was caused by heavy rainfall. In addition, under the interactive influences of heavy rainfall and temperature,
the average karst dissolution rate was about 87 m3 km−2 a−1 during the 14 years in the study area. Further analysis indicated that rocky desertification was positively related with
the increase in temperature and precipitation and especially with the heavy rainfall events. Climate change accelerated rocky
desertification in the karst areas.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
3.
广西壮族自治区是我国岩溶石漠化较为严重的省区之一,监测其石漠化发展演变趋势与开展治理工作是一项长期任务。根据全国生态环境遥感调查与监测项目完成的石漠化遥感调查结果,分析了广西境内1999—2008年间石漠化的分布和演化情况,探讨了石漠化变化与整治措施及社会经济发展的关联性。研究结果表明,截至2008年,广西石漠化面积达1.703万km2,约占全区总面积的7%,占碳酸盐岩分布区总面积的20.85%; 其中,轻度、中度和重度石漠化面积分别占石漠化总面积的58.70%、29.02%和12.28%,以轻度和中度石漠化为主。9年间,全区石漠化总面积减少了1.026万km2,年均减少面积0.114万km2,年均增长率为-5.10%,石漠化总体面积减少,程度减轻,呈明显好转态势。石漠化的演变趋势与近年来一系列环境保护政策的落实、产业经济结构的变化、农民人均收入的增长等密切相关,如退耕还林措施、农业人口转移、农户家庭收入构成变化及沼气灶推广等均在减缓石漠化发展中取得了很好效果。然而,由于受地质背景、自然环境和人口因素的制约,广西石漠化治理的难点依然存在,任务仍很艰巨。 相似文献
4.
滇东南喀斯特区域石漠化时空格局演变研究——以广南县为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
石漠化给区域发展带来了一系列生态环境和社会经济问题,国家自实施生态治理工程以来,区域石漠化得到一定改善。为探讨生态治理工程实施后石漠化格局变化,研究以滇东南典型喀斯特区域广南县为例,以2000年、2010年和2018年3期遥感影像为数据源,通过人机交互式解译获得石漠化空间分布数据,运用时间变化度、转移矩阵和叠加分析等方法,分析广南县石漠化时空格局演变特征。结果表明:（1）时间变化上,广南县石漠化类型仍以重度石漠化为主,但是石漠化面积总体在不断减少。灌木林地和未利用地石漠化面积最大,其中灌木林地以潜在石漠化为主,未利用地以重度石漠化为主,是石漠化重点治理的用地类型。2000-2010年石漠化转移方向是向无石漠化和相邻等级石漠化转移,2010-2018年主要向低等级石漠化转移;（2）空间分布上,广南县喀斯特区域石漠化南多北少,呈现南重北轻的分布格局,沿篆角乡—黑支果乡—南屏镇南部—八宝镇西南部一线、珠琳镇和五珠乡相邻区域、珠街镇和曙光乡的相邻区域是石漠化集中分布区;（3）19年间,广南县喀斯特南部区域的石漠化大面积改善,而中部及北部区域的石漠化不断恶化。整体而言,退耕还林等生态治理工程的实施,能有效改善喀斯特区域的石漠化状况,使广南县石漠化总面积减少了288.98km2。 相似文献
5.
Spatial pattern of Karst rock desertification in the Middle of Guizhou Province,Southwestern China 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
Karst rocky desertification is a typical type of land degradation in the Southwestern China. It has great ecological and economical
implications for the local people. Landsat images from the middle of Guizhou Province collected in 1974, 1993 and 2001 were
used for change detection of the pattern of Karst rocky desertification. The results show the following findings: (1) Desertification
area expanded drastically in 27 years, at an increasing rate about 116.2 km2/year. (2) High areas (900–1,500 m) are the most affected. (3) Areas with the slope <5° or >25° are also easily tend to be
Karst rocky deserted. (4) The process of Karst rocky desertification is nearly irreversible. Few areas of Karst rocky desertification
could be meliorated to non-desertification land. (5) Most of the degraded lands are located in the south and the central of
the study region, and the meliorated land areas are sparsely located in the east and the west part of the region. All these
findings would provide bases for the decision-making of the local government to improve the Karst rocky desertification 相似文献
6.
荒漠化是指人类历史时期以来,由于人类不合理的经济活动和脆弱生态环境相互作用造成土地生产力下降,土地资源丧失,地表呈现类似荒漠景观的土地退化过程。在中国北方荒漠化形成因素中过度放牧占30．1％,过度农垦占26．9％,过度樵采占32．7％,水资源利用不当占96％,工矿交通建设中不注意环境保护占0．7％,在地区上以北方农牧交错及旱农地区荒漠化最为严重。要采取因地制宜措施和建立健全而完善的治理实施系统以达到生态、经济和社会三个效益的目的。 相似文献
7.
基于RS、GIS的重庆黔江区石漠化现状与成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在RS、GIS支持下,利用2004的TM遥感影像数据研究重庆市黔江区石漠化现状及形成原因。结果表明:黔江区7.21%的土地发生石漠化,其中轻度、中度、强度石漠化分别占总面积的3.06%、3.41%、0.74%,潜在石漠化占总面积的4.84%;石漠化的分布与地层、高程、坡度及土地利用等因素密切相关;石漠化的形成与发展是人类不合理的经济活动叠加于脆弱的生态地质环境背景上综合作用的结果。 相似文献
8.
Change trends for desertified lands in the Horqin Sandy Land at the beginning of the twenty-first century 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Zhiwen Han Tao Wang Changzhen Yan Yubin Liu Lichao Liu Aimin Li Heqiang Du 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,59(8):1749-1757
The dynamics of desertification in the Horqin Sandy Land between 2000 and 2005 were analyzed using Landsat TM/ETM images and
the data-processing function of geographical information software. The results showed that the extent of desertified land
decreased at a rate of slightly more than 0.1 km2 year−1, from 22,423.1 km2 in 2000 to 22,422.4 km2 in 2005, indicating that desertification has been controlled in this area and that desert areas may be approaching a steady
state. The dynamics of desertification differed among land types. Desertification decreased most obviously in areas of previous
desert land. The area in which desertification was ameliorated was higher than the area that underwent further degradation,
but non-desertified land (113.3 km2) deteriorated at a rate of 22.7 km2 year−1 during this period. This significant change requires careful attention by managers in the study area. 相似文献
9.
南洞流域东部重点区石漠化现状及治理对策 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2
为了探讨南洞流域东部重点区石漠化现状及其治理对策,通过遥感数据分析结果并结合地面实地调查验证,对云南南洞流域东部重点区石漠化分布特征、成因、危害及其区域林地生态环境质量状况进行了分析。结果表明,南洞流域东部重点区石漠化面积占岩溶区面积的17.2%,集中分布于大庄盆地西北部,以轻度石漠化为主,轻度、中度、重度石漠化的面积比例约为7∶3∶1,石漠化与水土流失问题突出,岩溶区林地生态环境质量等级以三级、四级为主,占区域总面积的53.77%,整体水平较低,且明显低于区内的非岩溶地区林地。粗放型畜牧和农耕方式是导致区内石漠化形成和加剧的最重要因素。提出休垦弃焚、恢复次生植被、合理开发利用土地资源、优化农林畜牧产业结构,实施林草建设工程、草食畜牧业工程、水利水保设施工程,建立保障制度和监督机制,开展全面的石漠化综合治理对策,以确保区域生态恢复、农林畜牧经济健康发展及南洞地下河流域生态安全和水资源开发利用。 相似文献
10.
滇东岩溶石山地区石漠化特征及成因 总被引：35，自引：0，他引：35
滇东地区生态地质环境脆弱,石漠化明显,面积28 320 km2,严重地制约着地区经济的可持续发展。采用三级标准划分石漠化等级,景观差异特征明显,便于野外识别,制定与之相适应的整治措施。滇东地区石漠化分布具有集中连片、自北向南逐渐增多、程度加重的特点。石漠化的成因：地貌的演化过程中存在着石漠化的潜势,广泛分布的岩溶石山是形成石漠化的物质基础,特定的自然地理环境是导致石漠化的基本条件;人口增长过快、不合理的土地开发、工业污染是形成石漠化的主要因素,但自然因素和人为因素的主次因地而异。 相似文献
11.
The relations between land use and karst rocky desertification in a typical karst area,China 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
Karst rocky desertification (KRD) is one major type of desertification which is under irrational human impact on the vulnerable
eco-geo-environment. In this study, Zhudong fengcong rocky desertification landscape was selected to investigate the land
use types distribution law in different rock types and the KRD land in different land use types. KRD data was determined by
user–computer interactive interpreting method from Aster images in 2004, according to the exposed ratio of rock, the coverage
of vegetation and soil in 0.2 km2 unit, integrating with land utilizing present situation map, hydrogeology map, relief map, vegetation map, soil distribution
map, as well as the practical investigation and the population census datum in 2002. Results showed that the occurrence ratio
of KRD land is different in land use types and rocky assemblages obviously; land cover has a strong impact upon KRD. The sloping
cropland distributed in homogenous limestone has a higher occurrence ratio of light KRD, secondly, is in the limestone interbedded
with clastic rock. Light KRD land was dominated by shrubland, and sloping cropland accounts for 11.67% of it, moderate KRD
land was dominated by moderate coverage grass slopes, strong and extremely strong KRD was dominated by rocky dry land which
is difficult to use. 相似文献
12.
喀斯特石漠化景观及其土地的生态效应——以贞丰县为例 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
利用喀斯特石漠化生态脆弱区贵州贞丰县2004年的ASTER遥感影像,解译了全县的喀斯特石漠化现状,并从景观生态学的角度指出轻、中、强、极度石漠化存在不同的空间分布格局.与此同时,作者还把石漠化的景观格局和其土地生态价值的分布频率结合起来,并从生态系统服务功能的角度定量计算了相应喀斯特石漠化土地的相对生态价值,评价了研究区石漠化土地的生态效应.结果表明,贞丰县270个村的生态价值整体偏低,全县极大值为1.016,极小值为0.286;不同区域之间的总体生态价值差异较大,生态价值相对较好的地区主要集中在非喀斯特地带,而在中度、强度、极强度石漠化地区生态价值很低. 相似文献
13.
基于Google Earth Engine云平台的植被覆盖度变化长时间序列遥感监测 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
基于Google Earth Engine遥感大数据云计算平台,以云南省南洞地下河流域为例,利用近2 000景30 m分辨率Landsat-NDVI长时间序列数据,采用像元二分模型对研究区1988-2016年的年最大植被覆盖度进行定量估算,并分别从流域整体和像元尺度分析近29 a间植被覆盖度的时空变化特征。研究结果表明:（1）南洞地下河流域大部分区域处于中等覆盖度和中高覆盖度,覆盖度随高程和坡度的增加而增大,其中年最大植被覆盖度 > 60%的区域占流域总面积的45.75%;（2）近29 a来,流域年最大植被覆盖度整体呈现不断增加的趋势,年均增长速率为0.56%,其中植被覆盖度轻微改善或是明显改善的面积占38.84%;（3）相比1988年,2016年高植被覆盖区和中高植被覆盖区面积分别增长50.51%、18.40%;而中等植被覆盖区、中低植被覆盖区和低植被覆盖区面积分别减少24.05%、47.95%和37.72%。封山育林等石漠化治理工程以及气候变化对于流域植被恢复和生态环境重建具有重要影响,其研究成果可为后续石漠化监测提供重要的基础研究数据。 相似文献
14.
An analysis, over historical times, of the influence of natural factors such as climate, geological activity, existing landforms,
and the activity of aeolian sands on the desertification of oases and other lands in the Heihe River basin of northwestern
China revealed that desertification occurred more or less quickly according to whether the prevailing climate was cold or
warm, respectively. In the 1990s, the area of desertified lands in the lower reaches of the Heihe River (Ejin region) was
29.1% greater than in the mid 1980s. However, the rate of desertification in the middle reaches of the Heihe River basin was
relatively slower, only 9.4% from 1949 to 1990 (or 0.27% per year). Since 1990, the rate of desertification has been stable.
By 2000, the total area of land desertification in the mid to lower reaches of the Heihe River basin was 13,508.4 km2, or 11.8% of the region monitored. Of the total land desertification area, the regions of Linze, Gaotai, Sunan, Jiuquan,
Jia Yuguan, and Jinta accounted for 1.70, 1.71, 1.43, 0.85, 0.28, and 9.39%, respectively, whereas the Ejin region’s 11,434.64 km2 accounted for 84.65%, indicating that land desertification in the lower Heihe River basin was particularly severe. The causes
responsible for the occurrence and development of land desertification in the Heihe River basin were analyzed. 相似文献
15.
石漠化景观格局分布特征及其影响因素分析——以贵州省盘县为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以贵州省盘县2004年石漠化现状分布为基础,探讨石漠化斑块的空间组合格局类型及其影响因素。结果表明,该区石漠化景观呈现出极强度石漠化斑块集中分布型、强度石漠化与无石漠化斑块混合分布型、潜在石漠化与无石漠化为主分布型、轻中度石漠化聚集分布型和石漠化斑块相间分布型5种空间组合分布格局。人为干扰、自然因素是造成该区石漠化空间格局存在明显差异的主要原因。从全县来看,石漠化主要分布在坡度10°～ 17. 5°的地带,其次是17. 5°～ 35°的区域。从发生石漠化的土地类型来看,轻度石漠化主要分布于灌丛和坡耕地,中度石漠化主要分布于中覆盖草地和坡耕地,强度和极强度石漠化主要分布于中覆盖草地和来利用地。碳酸盐岩的分布、地形地貌和亚热带山地气候差异形成了不同的景观类型,而有限的土地资源和土地利用方式是控制喀斯特石漠化的主导因子。通过土地利用规模调整和优化,因地适宜实施退耕还林还草等,将有望实现强度、极强度石漠化景观逐渐向无石漠化景观的转变。 相似文献
16.
Driving forces responsible for aeolian desertification in the source region of the Yangtze River from 1975 to 2005 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The Yangtze River is the China’s longest river and the third-longest river in the world. The river’s source region in the
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is especially sensitive to global environmental change because of its high elevation and cold environment.
Under the influence of global warming, aeolian desertified land has expanded rapidly in this area. To assess the trends in
aeolian desertification from 1975 to 2005, remote-sensing and GIS technology were used to monitor the extent of aeolian desertification
in 1975, 1990, 2000, and 2005. The data sources included Landsat multi-spectral scanner images acquired in 1975, Enhanced
Thematic Mapper (ETM+) images acquired in 2000, and Thematic Mapper (TM) images acquired in 1990 and 2005. Images recorded
between June and October were selected, when vegetation grew well, because aeolian desertified land was more easily recognized
during this period. Thematic maps, including land use and geomorphologic maps, were used as supplementary data. Aeolian desertification
maps (1:100000) were produced for each year from the Landsat images through visual interpretation. The area of aeolian desertified
land increased by 2,678.43 km2 from 1975 to 2005, accounting for 8.8% of the total area of aeolian desertified land in 1975, an increase of 89.28 km2 a−1. Increasing mean annual temperature and the combination of a dry, cold, and windy climate in winter and spring were mainly
responsible for the expansion of desertified land. 相似文献
17.
基于遥感数据得出贵州罗甸县大关地区和广西都安县三只羊地区三个时期的土地覆盖类型数据。通过对这些不同时期土地覆盖类型数据的分析,发现大关地区从1979年到2001年,植被面积减少,石漠面积增加,土地覆盖类型以灌木林→灌丛→荒草地→石漠的方向变化为主,岩溶生态环境朝着恶劣的方向即典型的石漠化方向发展;而都安三只羊地区则相反,从1976年至2002年,植被面积增加,石漠面积减少,土地覆盖类型的主导变化方向是石漠→荒草地→灌丛→灌木林,即反石漠化方向,岩溶生态环境总的趋势是朝着良性的方向发展。两地的石漠化进程不同的原因主要在于土地利用的方式不同,大关地区采取的是劈山造田的方式来解决紧张的人地关系;而三只羊地区则是采取生态移民的方式。 相似文献
18.
应用RS、GIS以及GPS集成技术,以黔中喀斯特地区的猫跳河流域为对象,研究了这一地区从1973—2002年间土地利用／覆被的变化过程,并利用典型相关分析法研究了形成这种变化的驱动因素。研究表明,从1973—1990年,猫跳河流域耕地、建设用地、有林地、水域以及裸岩地呈增长趋势,而灌木林和灌草地趋于减少,流域生态环境质量下降。进入20世纪90年代后,有林地、灌草地、建设用地、水域持续增加,灌草地总量变化不大,耕地总量和裸岩地减少,流域生态环境质量趋于好转。定量分析表明,1990年以前,驱动建设用地变化的因素是总人口的变化,1990年以后则是农业产值;1990年以前驱动耕地变化的是农业人口的增长,1990年以后则和粮食产量的提高有关。 相似文献
19.
滇池流域石漠化特征分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
位于云南省会昆明盆地内的滇池流域是滇中岩溶和石漠化较为发育的地区,石漠化总面积225.56 km2,占流域总面积的7.71%,占岩溶总面积32.69%。石漠化主要分布在望海山、大板桥—呈贡、黑林铺、海口、梁王山、上蒜片区,其中又以北东部的大板桥片区石漠化最为严重。石漠化已造成流域内水土流失加剧、可耕地面积减少、土壤涵养水源能力降低及生态环境恶化等危害。通过地面调查和ETM遥感解译,查清了流域内石漠化的发育分布与碳酸盐岩的岩性及其组合、岩溶作用、地形地貌、气象等自然因素、人为因素和工业污染关系密切。针对石漠化的形成原因,提出了生态修复、农田基本建设、水资源开发利用、农村能源建设、小集镇建设、土地合理利用等治理措施。 相似文献
20.
基于RS和GIS的南汀河流域石漠化评价 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
以南汀河流域ETM、DEM和地质岩性数据为基础数据,应用遥感和地理信息技术提取了石漠化评价因子,构建石漠化评价指标并对石漠化强度进行评价。运用空间叠加分析和统计分析方法对石漠化信息进行分析,得到流域岩溶区石漠化强度分级特征,利用土地利用数据及石漠化信息与土地利用/覆盖类型的相关关系以分析土地利用方式对石漠化的影响。结果表明（1）研究区石漠化强度为:中度石漠化>轻度石漠化>潜在石漠化>强度石漠化>无石漠化>极强度石漠化。（2）强度石漠化区和极强度石漠化区主要分布在以耕地和疏林地为主要覆盖类型的区域。说明了造成石漠化的因素除裸岩率、植被、坡度、岩性等主要影响因子外,人们利用土地的方式对石漠化也具有很大促进作用。 相似文献